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314327

The document outlines the vision, mission, quality policy, and core values of the Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (MSBTE) aimed at providing high-quality technical education aligned with industry needs. It includes a laboratory manual for the Consumer Electronic Systems course, detailing practical outcomes, industry-relevant skills, and guidelines for both teachers and students to enhance learning and competency development. The manual emphasizes the importance of practical work in developing industry-relevant skills and knowledge for students in the field of consumer electronics.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

67 views221 pages

314327

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VISION

To ensure that the Diploma Level Technical Education constantly matches the latest requirements of
technology and industry and includes the all-round personal development of students including social
concerns and to become globally competitive, technology led organization.

MISSION
To provide high quality technical and managerial manpower, information and consultancy services to the
industry and community to enable the industry and community to face the changing technological and
environmental challenges.

QUALITY POLICY

We, at MSBTE, are committed to offer the best in class academic services to the students and institutes to
enhance the delight of industry and society. This will be achieved through continual improvement in
management practices adopted in the process of curriculum design, development, implementation
evaluation and monitoring system along with adequate faculty development Programs.

CORE VALUES

MSBTE believes in the followings:

• Education industry produces live products.

• Market requirements do not wait for curriculum changes.

• Question paper is the reflector of academic standards of educational organization

• Well-designed curriculum needs effective implementation too.

• Competency based curriculum is the backbone of need based programs.

• Technical skills do need support for life skills.

• Best teachers are the national assets.

• Effective teaching learning process is impossible without learning resources.

A Laboratory Manual

for

Consumer Electronic Systems

(314327)
Semester-IV
(DE/ EJ/ ET/ EX/ IE/ TE)

Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
(Autonomous) (ISO 9001:2015) (ISO/IEC 27001:2013)
Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
(Autonomous) (ISO 9001:2015) (ISO/IEC 27001:2013)
4th Floor, Polytechnic Building, 49, Kherwadi, Bandra (East),
Mumbai - 400051.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD
OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Certificate

This is to certify that Mr. / Ms. ……………………………………………

Roll No.…………of Fourth Semester of Diploma in ......…..……………..
.………… of Institute ……….…………….………………………………
(Code:……………) has attained pre-defined practical outcomes (PROs)
Satisfactorily in course Consumer Electronic Systems (314327) for the
Academic year 20..… to 20..… as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: …………… Enrollment No: ..………….

Date: …………… Exam. Seat No: ……………

Course Teacher Head of the Department Principal

Seal of
the Institute
Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Preface
The primary focus of any engineering laboratory/field work in the technical education system
is to develop the much needed industry relevant competencies and skills. With this in view, MSBTE
embarked on this innovative ‘K’ Scheme curricula for engineering diploma programs with outcome-
based education as the focus and accordingly, a relatively large amount of time is allotted for the
practical work. This displays the great importance of laboratory work, making each teacher, instructor
and student realize that every minute of the laboratory time needs to be effectively utilized to develop
these outcomes, rather than doing other mundane activities. Therefore, for the successful
implementation of this outcome-based curriculum, every practical has been designed to serve as a
‘vehicle’ to develop this industry identified competency in every student. The practical skills are
difficult to develop through ‘chalk and duster’ activity in the classroom situation. Accordingly, the
‘K’ scheme laboratory manual development team designed the practical’s to focus on the outcomes,
rather than the traditional age old practice of conducting practical’s to ‘verify the theory’ (which may
become a byproduct along the way).
This laboratory manual is designed to help all stakeholders, especially the students, teachers
and instructors to develop in the student the predetermined outcomes. It is expected from each student
that at least a day in advance, they have to thoroughly read through the concerned practical procedure
that they will do the next day and understand the minimum theoretical background associated with
the practical. Every practical in this manual begins by identifying the competency, industry relevant
skills, course outcomes and practical outcomes which serve as a key focal point for doing the practical.
The students will then become aware about the skills they will achieve through the procedure shown
there and necessary precautions to be taken, which will help them to apply in solving real-world
problems in their professional life.
This manual also provides guidelines to teachers and instructors to effectively facilitate
student- centered lab activities through each practical exercise by arranging and managing necessary
resources in order that the students follow the procedures and precautions systematically ensuring the
achievement of outcomes in the students.
The usage and demand for consumer electronic appliances is increasing in both domestic as
well as industries. This increases the demand for trained man power in the relevant industries. The
course Consumer Electronic Systems (314327) will provide working principles of various consumer
appliances/gadgets /equipment and skills to troubleshoot and maintain them in a scientific way. The
knowledge gained will help the students in the manufacturing units of these consumer gadgets or help
the students to start their own enterprise.
Although best possible care has been taken to check for errors (if any) in this laboratory
manual, perfection may elude us as this is the first edition of this manual. Any errors and suggestions
for improvement are solicited and highly welcome.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ scheme) i

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Program Outcomes (POs) and Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs) to be achieved

through Practical’s of this Course

Following program outcomes are expected to be achieved through the practical of the course.

PO1: Basic and Discipline specific knowledge: Apply knowledge of basic mathematics, science
and engineering fundamentals and engineering specialization to solve the broad based Electronics &
Communication engineering problems.
PO2: Problem analysis: Identify and analyze well-defined Electronics & Communication
engineering problems using codified standard methods.
PO3: Design/ development of solutions: Design solutions for well-defined technical problems and
assist with the design of Electronics & Communication systems components or processes to meet
specified needs.
PO4: Engineering Tools, Experimentation and Testing: Apply modern Electronics &
Communication engineering tools and appropriate technique to conduct standard tests and
measurements.
PO5: Engineering practices for society, sustainability and environment: Apply appropriate
Electronics & Communication technology in context of society, sustainability, environment and
ethical practices.
PO6: Project Management: Use Electronics & Communication engineering management principles
individually, as a team member or a leader to manage projects and effectively communicate about
well- defined engineering activities.
PO7: Life-long learning: Ability to analyze individual needs and engage in updating in the context
of Electronics & Communication technological changes.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ scheme) ii

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

List of Industry Relevant Skills

The following industry relevant skills of the competency “Use of various electronics consumer
equipment’s for relevant consumer applications" are expected to be developed in the student by
undertaking the practical of this laboratory manual

1. Identify the components used in audio and video systems.

2. Test microphones and speakers.

3. Maintain various audio systems.

4. Troubleshoot various consumer electronic appliances.

5. Maintain electronic consumer appliances.

6 Troubleshoot office automation appliances.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ scheme) iii

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Practical- Course Outcome matrix

Course Outcomes (COs)

CO1- Maintain the given type of audio system.

CO2- Test different types of video systems.
CO3-Troubleshoot various consumer electronic appliances.
CO4- Use various smart appliances.
CO5- Maintain various office automation appliances.

Sr. CO CO CO CO CO
Title of the Practical
No. 1 2 3 4 5

1. Performance of given type of Microphone ✔ - - - -

2. *Performance of given Speaker ✔ - - - -

3. *Performance of given Hi-Fi amplifier ✔ - - - -

4. *Fault identification in Hi-Fi amplifier ✔ - - - -

5. *Test the CCTV unit - ✔ - - -

6. Connection of CCTV cameras to DVR/IVR - ✔ - - -

7. Voltage analysis of power supply section, audio section and
video section of LCD TV. - ✔ - - -

8. Fault analysis of LCD TV. - ✔ - - -

9. Voltage analysis of given sections of LED TV. - ✔ - - -

10. *Fault analysis of LED TV. - ✔ - - -

11.
* Dismantling and assembling of paper feed mechanism in
- - ✔ -
-
photocopier machine

12. *Identification of front panel controls of microwave oven ✔ -

- - -

13. *Fault analysis in microwave oven - - ✔ - -

14. *Performance of washing machine - - ✔ - -

15. Sketch the wiring diagram of washing machine - - ✔ - -

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ scheme) iv

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Course Outcomes (COs)

CO1- Maintain the given type of audio system.

CO2- Test different types of video systems.
CO3-Troubleshoot various consumer electronic appliances.
CO4- Use various smart appliances.
CO5- Maintain various office automation appliances.

Sr. CO CO CO CO CO
Title of the Practical
No. 1 2 3 4 5

16. Fault analysis of washing machine - - ✔ - -

17. Use of various functions of CAMCORDER - - ✔ - -

18. *Interfacing of Scanner - - ✔ - -

19. - - - -
Performance of given wearable antenna. ✔

- - - -
20. *Display faults in smart wrist band ✔

21. Data backup from wearable device - - - ✔ -

22. Connection problems in VR headset - - - ✔ -

23. Performance of VR headset - - - -

✔

24. *Interfacing of Laser printer - - - - ✔

25. * Fault analysis of cartridge related problems of - - - -

✔
Laser printer

26. *Performance of Laser Printer - - - - ✔

27. Interfacing of LED Projector - - - - ✔

28. - - - -
*Creating new interactive white board pages ✔

29. Assess the quality of video conferencing session. - - - - ✔

30. Determination of capacity and speed of a shredding - - - - ✔

machine.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ scheme) v

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Guidelines to Teachers

1. Teacher should provide the guideline with demonstration of practical to the students with all
features.
2. Teacher shall explain prior concepts to the students before starting of each practical.
3. Involve students in the performance of each experiment.
4. Teacher should ensure that the respective skills and competencies are developed in the students
after the completion of the practical exercise.
5. Teachers should give opportunities to students for hands-on experience after the demonstration.
6. Teacher is expected to share the skills and competencies to be developed in the students.
7. Teacher may provide additional knowledge and skills to the students even though not covered in
the manual but are expected of the students by the industry.
8. Finally give practical assignments and assess the performance of students based on tasks assigned
to check whether it is as per the instructions.
9. Teacher is expected to refer complete curriculum document and follow guidelines for
implementation
10. At the beginning of the practical which is based on the simulation, teacher should make the
students acquainted with any simulation software environment.

Instructions for Students

1. Listen carefully to the lecture given by the teacher about course, curriculum, learning structure,
skills to be developed.
2. Organize the work in the group and make a record of all observations.
3. Do the calculations and plot the graph wherever it is required in the practical
4. Students shall develop maintenance skills as expected by industries.
5. Student shall attempt to develop related hand-on skills and gain confidence.
6. Student shall develop the habits of evolving more ideas, innovations, skills etc. those included in
scope of manual
7. Student should develop the habit to submit the practical on date and time.
8. Student should prepare well while submitting a write-up of exercise.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ scheme) vi

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Content Page
List of Practical’s and Progressive Assessment Sheet

Sr. Title of the practical Page Date of Date of Assess Dated Remarks
No. performance ment sign. Of (if any)
No. submission
marks teacher
(25)

1. Performance of given type of

1
microphone
*Performance of given Speaker 8
2.
*Performance of given Hi-Fi
3. 16
amplifier
*Fault identification in Hi-Fi
4. 23
amplifier
5. *Test the CCTV unit 30

6. Connection of CCTV cameras to

37
DVR/IVR
7. Voltage analysis of power supply
section, audio section and video 45
section of LCD TV.

8. Fault analysis of LCD TV. 53

Voltage analysis of given

9. sections 60
of LED TV.

10. *Fault analysis of LED TV. 66

* Dismantling and assembling of

11. paper feed mechanism in 72
photocopier machine.
*Identification of front panel
12. 79
controls of microwave oven

13. *Fault analysis in microwave oven 85

*Performance of washing machine 92

14.
Sketch the wiring diagram of
98
15. washing machine

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ scheme) vii

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Sr. Title of the practical Page Date of Date of Assess Dated Remarks
No. No. performance ment sign. Of (if any)
submission
marks teacher
(25)
16. Fault analysis of washing machine 105
Use of various functions of
Camcorder. 113
17.
18. *Interfacing of Scanner 120

19. Performance of given wearable

126
antenna.
20. *Display faults in smart wrist band 133

21. Data backup from wearable device 140

22. Connection problems in VR headset 145

23. Performance of VR headset 152

24. *Interfacing of Laser printer 159

25. * Fault analysis of cartridge related

165
problems of Laser printer

26. *Performance of Laser Printer 172

27. Interfacing of LED Projector 179

28. *Creating new interactive white

187
board pages.
29. Assess the quality of video
194
conferencing session.
30. Determination of capacity and speed of a
202
shredding machine.

Total

Note: Out of above suggestive LLOs -

● '*' Marked Practical’s (LLOs) are mandatory.
● Minimum 80% of above list of lab experiment are to be performed.
● Judicial mix of LLOs are to be performed to achieve desired outcome

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ scheme) viii

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Practical No. 1: Performance of given type of microphone

I Practical Significance:

A Microphone is a transducer which converts sound input obtained from a loudspeaker or

from a live program i.e. audio signal into electrical signal.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

 Maintain the given type of audio system.

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

 Test and measure the various parameters of a microphone.

V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)

1. Handle components and equipment carefully.
2. Follow safety precautions.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

The loud microphone is a transducer which converts sound signal to electrical signal. It is also
called an input transducer. The microphone performance based on following characteristics:
1. Sensitivity 2. SNR 3. Frequency Response 4. Distortion
5. Directivity 6. Output Impedance.

There are different types of loudspeakers they are:

1. Capacitive 2. Crystal 3 Ribbon 4) Hot wire

The type of microphone used in practice is capacitive type. The microphones are also designed
on the basis of their frequency response, Sensitivity, SNR, Output impedance, Distortion.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 1

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

VII Circuit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.

a. Suggested Kit / Circuit Diagram:

Figure 1.1 Hi-Fi Amplifier Kit

Figure 1.2: Hi-Fi Amplifier Kit with MIC and Speaker connection

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 2

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

b. Actual circuit diagram/Kit used in the laboratory:

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
01 Hi-Fi amplifier Kit Using IC 741 and LM 380 01
02 CRO 20 MHz Dual slope 01
03 Multi-meter Digital Multi-meter: 3&1/2 digit display. 01
04 Connecting Cords/Wires As per requirement -

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1 Do not switch on the power supply unless you have checked the circuit connection as
per circuit diagram.
2 Select the proper ranges of CRO and multi-meter.
X Procedure:
1 Connect the given microphone to the Input connection of MIC on the kit.
2 Connect the given speaker to the output of the power amplifier.
3 Connect the output of the microphone and signal generator to the input of the filter &
adder circuit.
4 Keep pots of all four Band Pass Filter (BPF) and High Pass Filter (HPF) at
maximum position.
5 Switch on Power Supply.
6 Observe output of adder on CRO as well as on speaker you can hear speech or sound
or both.
7 Keep BPF pot 1 and 2 of ranges 100 to 300 Hz and 400 to 1000 Hz at minimum
position and observe output on CRO as well as on speaker you can hear only sound
but not speech.
8 Keep BPF pot 3 of range 1.5 to 3.4 KHz at minimum position and observe output on
CRO as well as on speaker you can hear only speech but not sound.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 3

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XI Required Resources

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
1
2
3
4

XII Actual procedure followed

XIII Observation table

Speaker impedance: ohm Speaker Wattage: W

Sr. Selection of BPF Position of BPF Amplitude of Observation on

No. and HPF filter and HPF filter pot Waveform on CRO speaker

1 All BPF and HPF Maximum position Volts Only Sound/only

Speech/both

2 BPF pot 1 and 2 of Minimum Position

ranges 100 to 300
Hz and 400 to 1000
Only Sound/only
Hz
Volts Speech/both
All other BPF and Maximum position
HPF

3 BPF pot 3 of range Minimum Position

1.5 to 3.4KHz Only Sound/only
Volts Speech/both
All other BPF and Maximum position
HPF

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 4

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XIV Result(s):
……………………………………............................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
XV Interpretation of Results:

Microphone gives very (Low/High) output, it has very (Low/High) sensitivity.

XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:

………….……………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such questions to ensure
achievement of identified CO.

1 What is the microphone's frequency response range?

2 Which type of microphone do you recommend for live concerts or musical
programs for indoor and outdoor?
3 List types of microphone.
4 Explain dynamic type microphone.
5 Draw and explain diagram of condenser type microphone.
6 List selection criterion of microphone.
[Space for Answers]
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Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 5

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

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Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 6

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/links/Virtual

Lab Link.
1 Manual of Kashtronica-kit
2 https://www.hackatronic.com/lm380-audio-power-amplifier-circuit-and-its-
/working
3 https://www.circuits-diy.com/stereo-amplifier-circuit-using-lm380/

XIX Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Process Related (15 Marks) 60%
01 Identification of different blocks on trainer kit 10%
02 Connection made on kit 20%
03 Observation and Measurement taken 20%
04 Handling of equipment and Working in team 10%
Product Related (10 Marks) 40%
05 Interpretation of Results 15%
06 Conclusions 05%
07 Practical Related Questions 15%
08 Submission of Journal in time 05%
Total (25 Marks) 100%

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 7

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Practical No. 02: Performance of given Speaker

I Practical Significance:
A loudspeaker is an electro acoustic transducer which converts electrical input obtained
from a microphone (after sufficient amplification) into acoustic (Sound). It is a reverse
of the microphone.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences.
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

 Maintain the given type of audio system.

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

 Test the given speaker and plot its frequency response.
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
1 Handle components and equipment carefully.
2 Follow safety precautions.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

The loud speaker is a transducer which converts electrical signals of audio frequency to
sound waves of same frequency. It is also called an output transducer. The loud speaker
performance is based on the following characteristics.
1. Efficiency
2. Noise
3. Frequency Response
4. Distortion
5. Directivity
6. Power
7. Impedance
There are different types of loudspeakers they are
1. Electrostatic 2. Dynamic 3. Permanent Magnet.
The type of speakers used in practice is Permanent Magnet type. The speakers are
also designed on the basis of their frequency response such as Woofer (Low frequency
Audio), mid frequency audio speaker and Tweeter (High frequency audio) Double cone
speakers are available which have two diaphragms for giving response for low and high
audio frequency.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 8

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

VII Circuit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.

a. Suggested Kit / Circuit Diagram:

Figure 2.1:Hi-Fi Amplifier Kit

Figure 2.2: Hi-Fi Amplifier Kit with MIC and Speaker connection

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 9

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

b. Actual circuit diagram/Kit used in the laboratory:

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
01 Hi-Fi amplifier Kit Using IC 741 and LM 380 01
02 CRO 20 MHz Dual slope 01
03 Multimeter Digital Multimeter: 3&1/2 digit display. 01
04 Connecting Cords/Wires As per requirement -
IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)
1. Do not switch on the power supply unless you have checked the circuit connection as per
circuit diagram.
2. Select the proper ranges of CRO and multi-meter.
X Procedure:
1. Connect the given speaker to the output of the power amplifier.
2. Connect signal generator to the input of the filter & adder circuit. Keep the signal generator
pot at the minimum position.
3. Keep pots of all four Band Pass Filter (BPF) and High Pass Filter (HPF) at maximum
position.
4. Switch on Power Supply.
5. Observe output on CRO and record the reading.
6. Vary frequency of signal generator from minimum to maximum, and take reading at
regular intervals and plot graph of frequency versus output.
7. Keep pot of BPF of range 1.5 to 3.4 KHz at minimum position and repeat step 6.
8. Repeat step 5 for different positions of pots of BPF.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 10

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XI Required Resources

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.

XII Actual procedure followed

XIII Observation table:

Input voltage: volts.

Input frequency Output voltage Input frequency Output voltage

50 Hz.
100 Hz.
200 Hz.
300 Hz.
500 Hz.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 11

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XIV Result(s)
……………………………………....................................................................................
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XV Interpretation of Results:

Speaker gives output between:

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XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:

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XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such
questions to ensure achievement of identified CO.
1. Which type of speakers are used in movie theaters?
2. List and state function of different types of speakers.
3. Compare different types of loudspeaker.
4. Draw and explain electrodynamic loudspeaker.
5. Draw block diagram of moving coil or cone types of loudspeaker.

[Space for Answers]

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 12

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

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XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/links/Virtual lab Link
1 Manual of Kashtronica-kit
2 https://www.hackatronic.com/lm380-audio-power-amplifier-circuit-and-
its- / working
3 https://www.circuits-diy.com/stereo-amplifier-circuit-using-lm380/

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 13

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 14

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XIX Assessment Scheme:

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 15

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Practical No. 03: Performance of given Hi- Fi Amplifier

I Practical Significance
High Fidelity means Faithful reproduction of sound signal. It is widely used in the Public
Address System, Stereo phony system. The High Fidelity system needs careful design
from microphone to amplifier, used in recording mechanism, play back mechanism to get
natural sound.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s):

The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences.
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

 Maintain the given type of audio system.

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

 Measure voltages at different sections of Hi-Fi amplifier.

V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)

1. Handle Hi-Fi. Amplifier kit carefully.
2. Select CRO/DSO for voltage and Frequency measurement.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

Hi-Fi amplifiers are widely used to reproduce sound signals which are similar to
the original sound signal which is applied to input of Hi-Fi amplifiers. It consists of a pre
amplifier for voltage amplification equalizer to select the required frequency and a
power amplifier to amplify the power of signal to get the original sound signal.
Different stages of Hi-Fi amplifier: -

1 Input stage: Input can be from Tape play/Disc Play/Microphone.

2 Pre amplifiers stage: -Used to increase voltage level of Audio signal
3 Equalizers: Used to divide input frequency equally.
4 Amplifier stage: Used to increase power level of signal
5 Balance Control: Used to provide equal amount of current in both channel.
6 Matching N/W: Used to provide maximum power to the Loudspeaker.
7 Loud Speaker: Used to convert Electrical Audio Signal to Sound Signal

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 16

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

VII Circuit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.

a. Suggested Kit / Circuit Diagram:

Figure 3.1:Hi-Fi Amplifier Kit

Figure 3.2: Hi-Fi Amplifier Kit with MIC and Speaker connection

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 17

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

b. Actual circuit diagram/Kit used in the laboratory:

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity
No.
01 Hi-Fi amplifier Kit Using IC 741 and LM 380 01
02 CRO 20 MHz Dual slope 01
03 Multi-meter Digital Multi-meter: 3&1/2 digit display. 01
04 Connecting Cords/Wires As per requirement -

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1 Do not switch on the power supply unless you have checked the circuit connection
as per circuit diagram.
2 Select the proper ranges of CRO and multi-meter.

X Procedure
1 Connect the given microphone to the Input connection of MIC.
2 Connect the given speaker to the output of the power amplifier.
3 Connect signal generator to the input of the filter & adder circuit. Keep the signal
generator pot at the minimum position.
4 Keep pots of all four Band Pass Filter (BPF) and High Pass Filter (HPF) at
maximum position.
5 Switch on Power Supply.
6 Observe input voltage at BPF stage.
7 Observe output on CRO at adder output and record the reading.
8 Observe the output at the power amplifier output stage and record the reading.
9 Keep a pot of BPF of range 1.5 to 3.4 Khz at minimum position and repeat steps 6 to 8 .
10 Repeat step 6 to 8 for different positions of pots of BPF to observe the response
of the amplifier.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 18

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XI Required Resources:

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.

XII Actual procedure followed

XIII Observation table

Sr. No. Stage Name AC Voltage In Volts Frequency In Hz Nature of Wave form

01 Input

Equalizer or
02
Adder output
Power
03 Amplifier
output

XIV Result(s):
……………………………………....................................................................................
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
XV Interpretation of Results:
……………………………………...................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………….

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 19

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:

……… …………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such
questions to ensure achievement of identified CO.

1. What is the SNR, and how does it affect the clarity of the audio signal?
2. Compare between stereo and mono amplifier (any 6 points).
3. Define audio amplifier. Draw its frequency response curve.
4. State types of audio amplifiers.
5. Draw block diagram of audio amplifier.

[Space for Answers]

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 20

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/links/Virtual lab Link

1 Manual of Kashtronica-kit
2 https://www.hackatronic.com/lm380-audio-power-amplifier-circuit-and-its- /
working
3 https://www.circuits-diy.com/stereo-amplifier-circuit-using-lm380/

XIX Assessment Scheme:

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 22

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Practical No. 04: Fault identification in Hi-Fi amplifier

I Practical Significance:
Troubleshooting a hi-fi amplifier involves a systematic approach to diagnose and
resolve issues. It involves following steps:
Initial inspection.
1 Basic check
2 Functional testing
3 Component inspection.
4 Multi-meter Testing
By following proper troubleshooting procedures, issues can be resolved with a hi-Fi
amplifier, ensuring optimal performance and longevity of audio equipment.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences.
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

● Maintain the given type of audio system.

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

 Locate any three different faults by voltage analysis method in a HI-FI audio amplifier.

V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)

1. Handle Hi-Fi. Amplifier kit carefully
2. Select CRO/DSO for voltage and Frequency measurement.
3. Check continuity of circuit
4. Identify faulty section and also component

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

Hi-Fi amplifiers consist of pre-amplifier for voltage amplification equalizer to select
required frequency and Power amplifier to amplify power of signal to get original sound signal
The circuit diagram of above stages, their output voltages and its operation must be known.
Identification of circuit components and their testing must be known.
Different stages of Hi-Fi amplifier: -
Input stage: Input can be from Tape play/Disc Play/Microphone.
1. Pre amplifiers stage: -Used to increase voltage level of Audio signal.
2. Equalizers: Used to divide input frequency equally.
3. Amplifier stage: Used to increase power level of signal

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 23

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

4. Balance Control: Used to provide equal amount of current in both channel.

5. Matching N/W: Used to provide maximum power to the Loudspeaker.
6. Loud Speaker: Used to convert Electrical Audio Signal to Sound Signal

VII Circuit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.

a. Suggested Kit / Circuit Diagram:

Figure 4.1:Hi-Fi Amplifier Kit

b. Actual setup diagram

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 24

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
01 Hi-Fi amplifier Kit Using IC 741 and LM 380 01
02 CRO 20 MHz Dual slope 01
03 Multi-meter Digital Multi-meter: 3&1/2 digit display. 01
04 Connecting Cords/Wires As per requirement -

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1 Do not switch on the power supply unless you have checked the circuit connection as
per circuit diagram.
2 Select the proper ranges of CRO and multi-meter.
X Procedure:
1 Connect the given microphone to the Input connection of MIC.
2 Connect the given speaker to the output of the power amplifier.
3 Connect signal generator to the input of the filter & adder circuit. Keep the signal
generator pot at the minimum position.
4 Keep pots of all four Band Pass Filter (BPF) and High Pass Filter (HPF) at
maximum position.
5 Switch on Power Supply.
6 Three switches are given at the bottom of the KIT to indicate fault in MIC section,
adder section and in power amplifier section.
7 For normal operation of an amplifier, always keep these switches in upward direction.
8 To indicate fault in the MIC section, keep the first switch in downward direction
and observe the output at MIC section.
9 To indicate fault in the adder section, keep the second switch in downward direction
and observe the output at adder section.
10 To indicate fault in the power amplifier section, keep the third switch in
downward direction and observe the output at power amplifier.
XI Required Resources:

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 25

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XII Actual procedure followed

XIII Observation table

Sr. Fault in Hi-Fi amplifier Observations at the output of the sections
No. Stages

01 MIC

02 Equalizer or adder

03 Power Amplifier

XIV Result(s)
…………………………………….....................................................................................
…………………………………………………………………………………………..

XV Interpretation of Results
……………………………………...................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………….

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 26

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XVI Conclusions and Recommendation

1 Fault created in the MIC section gives results as . (no output / partial
output)
2 Fault created in speaker and volume control gives the result as and
respectively. (Disturbance, no output / impedance, partial output)
3 Fault created in adder section gives result as (No output at MIC/ NO output at speaker.)

XVII Practical Related Questions

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such questions
to ensure achievement of identified CO.

1 What is a Hi Fi amplifier?
2 Draw block diagram of PA System
3 State characteristics of HI-FI amplifier.
4 Give a troubleshooting method for HI-FI amplifiers.

[Space for Answers]

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 27

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 28

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/

links/Virtual lab Link
1 https://www.hackatronic.com/lm380-audio-power-amplifier-circuit-and-its-
working/
2 https://www.circuits-diy.com/stereo-amplifier-circuit-using-lm380/
3 https://hifiaudiolab.com/how-to-troubleshoot-common-hi-fi-system-
problems/#:~:text=

XIX Assessment Scheme:

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 29

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Practical No. 5: Test the CCTV Unit

I Practical Significance:
CCTV cameras and DVR/NVR systems require specific voltage levels to operate
correctly. Testing ensures that each component receives the correct voltage, preventing
malfunction or intermittent performance issues. Insufficient voltage can cause cameras to
function improperly, leading to poor video quality, intermittent connectivity, or complete
failure. By testing, you can ensure the system operates within its optimal voltage range.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)

1. Note all voltage readings properly and ensure that all measurements are accurate
and precise.
2. Inspect the equipment for safety before beginning the voltage testing procedure.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

Closed-circuit television (CCTV), also known as video surveillance, is the
use of video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific place, on a limited set of monitors. It
differs from broadcast television in that the signal is not openly transmitted, though it may
employ point to point (P2P), point to multipoint (P2MP), or mesh wired or wireless links.
Though almost all video cameras fit this definition, the term is most often applied
to those used for surveillance in areas that may need monitoring such as banks, stores, and
other areas where security is needed.

Figure 5.1 CCTV Unit using DVR

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Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

VII Circuit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.

a Suggested Kit / Circuit Diagram:

Figure 5.2. CCTV Unit using DVR

Figure 5.3 CCTV Unit using NVR

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 31

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

b. Actual circuit diagram/Kit used in the laboratory:

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
01 CCTV Unit Build in battery: 3.7 volt 3000 mAH,
Power Output: 12V DC,
Resolution: 480x234, Screen Size: 3.5 01
Inch.
02 IR Dome Camera Voltage 12 V to 16 V, Lens optical, zoom - 01
30x-129 mm
03 4 CH DVR/NVR MPEG 4 01
04 Hard Disk 1 TB 01
05 Video Cable Strand diameter 0.1+mm 01
06 Power Supply Input voltage 150 v to 240 v, output 01
voltage 12 v
07 Digital Multi-meter Digital Multi-meter: 3&1/2 digit display. 01

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1 Always turn off the power supply before connecting or disconnecting any parts
of the CCTV system to avoid electric shocks or short circuits.
2 Hold the probes by their insulated handles. Avoid touching the metal parts of
probes to prevent electric shock.
3 When measuring voltage at camera inputs or DVR inputs, ensure the cameras
are properly mounted and stable to avoid accidental disconnection.

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Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

X Procedure:
Test the wires/cables/Electronic Components used for connections properly. If they are faulty
then keep it in the proper E-waste bin.
1. Testing the Power Supply:
Step 1: Connect the multimeter probes to the output terminals of the CCTV power supply.
Step 2: Set the multimeter to measure DC voltage.
Step 3: Turn on the power supply and note the voltage reading. It should match the voltage
rating specified on the power supply (usually 12V or 24V DC).

2. Testing Voltage at the CCTV Camera:

Step 1: Locate the power input terminals or connector on the CCTV camera.
Step 2: With the power supply turned on, use the multimeter to measure the voltage at the
camera’s power input terminals.
Step 3: Verify that the voltage matches the camera’s required operating voltage (typically
12V or 24V DC).

3.Testing Voltage at the DVR/NVR:

Step 1: Locate the power input connector on the DVR/NVR.
Step 2: With the power supply turned on, use the multimeter to measure the voltage at the
DVR/NVR’s power input.
Step 3: Ensure the voltage reading is consistent with the DVR/NVR’s required operating
voltage (usually 12V or 19V DC).

XI Required Resources

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
1
2
3
4

XII Actual procedure followed

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Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

XIII Observation table:

Measurement Expected Measured Difference Remark

Point Voltage (V) Voltage (V) (V)
Power Supply
output 12 V
Camera Input 12 V

DVR Input 12 V

Junction Box
input 12 V

XIV Result(s):
The voltages measured at different points should be __________ (within/out of) the
specified range for each component.

XV Interpretation of Results:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 34

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such questions to
ensure achievement of identified CO.
1. List the various components of CCTV unit.
2. State the various types of cameras used in CCTV.
3. What is the input voltage at the CCTV camera(s)?
4. What is the nominal voltage provided by the power supply unit (PSU) to
the CCTV unit?
[ Space for Answers]

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 35

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XIX Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 36

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Practical No. 6: Connection of CCTV cameras to DVR/IVR

I Practical Significance:
The connection of CCTV cameras to DVR/IVR systems significantly enhances security
measures, operational efficiency, and the ability to respond to and investigate incidents
effectively. These systems provide a robust and scalable solution for a variety of settings,
from small businesses to large-scale industrial facilities.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

 Connect CCTV cameras to DVR/IVR, record and replay.

V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)

1. Understand the role of CCTV and DVR/IVR systems in enhancing safety and security.
2. Inspect the equipment for safety before making any connections.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background:

CCTV is a closed video surveillance system where video signals are transmitted to specific
monitors or recording devices. Key components include cameras, monitors, recording
devices (DVR/NVR), and cables or network infrastructure.
The main difference between the network video recorder (NVR) and digital video recorder
(DVR) is in how they process raw video data. A DVR converts analog footage into a digital
format, while an NVR typically only works with digital footage. DVR systems process data
at recorder, while NVR systems encode and process data at the camera before transmitting
it to the recorder for storage and remote viewing.

Figure 6.1 CCTV Unit

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Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

VII Circuit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.

a. Suggested Kit / Circuit Diagram:

Figure 6.2 CCTV Unit

b. Actual circuit diagram/Kit used in the laboratory:

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 38

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
01 CCTV Unit Build in battery: 3.7 volt 3000 mAH, 01
Power Output: 12V DC,
Resolution: 480x234, Screen Size: 3.5
Inch.
02 DVR (for analog cameras) 4 Ch,32 kbps–6144 kbps per channel 01
or NVR (for IP cameras)
4 Ch, 80 Mbps for access
03 Coaxial cables (for analog RG 59 -
cameras)
Ethernet cables (for IP
cameras)
04 Multimeter Digital ,31/2 digit display,9999 01

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1. Always turn off the power supply before connecting or disconnecting any parts of the
CCTV system to avoid electric shocks or short circuits.
2. Hold the probes by their insulated handles. Avoid touching the metal parts of the
probes to prevent electric shock.
3. When measuring voltage at camera inputs or DVR inputs, ensure the cameras are
properly mounted and stable to avoid accidental disconnection.

X Procedure:
Test the wires/cables/Electronic Components used for connections properly. If they are faulty
then keep it in the proper E-waste bin.
Procedure for Connecting CCTV Cameras to DVR (Analog System):
1. Prepare the Equipment:
Unbox the DVR and cameras.
Check all components are present and undamaged.
2. Camera Placement:
Determine optimal locations for camera placement.
Mount the cameras securely using the provided brackets and screws.
3. Running the Coaxial Cables:
Measure the distance from each camera to the DVR.
Cut coaxial cables to the required lengths.
Run the cables from each camera to the DVR location, securing them with cable ties or
clips.
4. Connecting the Cameras to the DVR:
Connect the BNC connectors on the coaxial cables to the cameras and the DVR.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 39

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

If the cameras are not powered by the coaxial cable, run separate power cables and connect
them to a power source.
5. Powering Up the System:
Plug in the power supply for the DVR.
Connect the DVR to a monitor using an HDMI or VGA cable.
Power on the DVR and the monitor.
6. Configuring the DVR:
Follow the on-screen setup wizard to configure the DVR (date, time, recording schedule,
etc.).
Adjust camera settings (resolution, frame rate) as needed.
Ensure each camera feed is displayed correctly on the monitor.
7. Testing the System:
Check the live feed from each camera on the monitor.
Verify that the DVR is recording and storing footage properly.
Test playback functionality to ensure recordings can be accessed.

Procedure for Connecting CCTV Cameras to NVR (IP System):

1. Prepare the Equipment:

Unbox the NVR and IP cameras.
Check all components are present and undamaged.
2. Camera Placement:
Determine optimal locations for camera placement.
Mount the cameras securely using the provided brackets and screws.
3. Running the Ethernet Cables:
Measure the distance from each camera to the NVR or network switch/router.
Cut Ethernet cables to the required lengths.
Run the cables from each camera to the NVR location or the network switch/router,
securing them with cable ties or clips.
4. Connecting the Cameras to the Network:
Connect one end of each Ethernet cable to the cameras and the other end to the NVR or
network switch/router.
If using PoE, ensure the NVR or switch/router supports PoE and the Ethernet cables are
properly connected to provide power to the cameras.
5. Powering Up the System:
Plug in the power supply for the NVR.
Connect the NVR to a monitor using an HDMI or VGA cable.
Power on the NVR and the monitor.
6. Configuring the NVR:
Follow the on-screen setup wizard to configure the NVR (date, time, recording schedule,
etc.).
The NVR should automatically detect and configure the connected IP cameras.
Adjust camera settings (resolution, frame rate) as needed.
7. Testing the System:
Check the live feed from each camera on the monitor.
Verify that the NVR is recording and storing footage properly.
Test playback functionality to ensure recordings can be accessed.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 40

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

8. Network Configuration (if necessary):

Assign static IP addresses to each camera for stable network performance.
Configure remote access settings if you need to view the camera feeds from outside the
local network (e.g., through a mobile app or web interface).

XI Required Resources

Sr. No. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

XII Actual procedure followed

Measurement Expected Measured Difference Remark

Point Voltage (V) Voltage (V) (V)
Power Supply
output 12 V
Camera Input 12 V

DVR Input 12 V

Junction Box
input 12 V

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 41

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XIV Result(s):
The voltages measured at different points should be _____________ (within/out of) the
specified range for each component.

XV Interpretation of Results:

XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:

XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such questions to ensure
achievement of identified CO.
1. At what height are the cameras installed?
2. Which type of cable is used in experiment for connecting camera?
3. State any two features each of Analog and IP cameras.
4. How much storage capacity is needed for the recording device?

[Space for Answers]

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 42

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 43

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XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/links/Virtual lab Link

1 https://images.app.goo.gl/XJfstz8FqhCQcL2F6
2 https://images.app.goo.gl/szBn8pwzYjWfawk96

XIX Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 44

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Practical No. 07: Voltage analysis of power supply section,

audio section and video section of LCD TV

I Practical Significance:
Voltage analysis of the power supply, audio section, and video section of an LCD TV is
critical for ensuring optimal performance, troubleshooting problems, protecting
components, ensuring safety, optimizing energy efficiency, and maintaining quality
standards throughout the manufacturing process.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences.
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

 Test different types of video systems.

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

 Measure voltage of power supply, audio and video section of LCD TV.
 Compare measured voltages with standard voltages.
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
1. Handle equipment carefully.
2. Follow safety precautions.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

An LCD screen includes a thin layer of liquid crystal material sandwiched between two
electrodes on glass substrates, with two polarizers on each side. A polarizer is an optical
filter that lets light waves of a specific polarization pass through while blocking light
waves of other polarizations. The electrodes need to be transparent, so the most popular
material is ITO (Indium Tin Oxide).
As LCD can’t emit light itself, normally a backlight is placed behind an LCD screen in
order to be seen during the dark environment. The light sources for backlight can be
LED (Light Emitting Diode) or CCFL (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps). LED
backlights are the most popular. Of course, if you like to have a color display, a layer of
color filter can be made into an LCD cell. The color filter consists of RGB color. You
can also add a touch panel in front of an LCD.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 45

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Figure 7.1. LCD display Structure

Figure 7.2. LCD TV parts diagram

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 46

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

VII LCD TV trainer kit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.
a Suggested Kit / Circuit Diagram:

Figure 7.3. LCD TV trainer kit

b Actual setup diagram

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 47

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
01 LCD trainer Kit Scientech kit or any other available in your 01
laboratory
02 Multi-meter Digital Multi-meter: 3&1/2 digit display. 01
03 Connecting Cords/Wires As per requirement -

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1. Do not switch on the power supply unless you have checked the circuit connection as per
circuit diagram.
2. Select the proper range of Voltage of multi-meter.
3. Connect multi-meter probes with correct polarities to the kit for supply voltage
measurements.
4. Keep kit in dust free and clean place

X Procedure:
1. Identify different stages of a given LCD TV receiver.
2. Observe the circuit diagram of LCD TV.
3. Identify various sections and write the function in the observation table.
4. Identify various stages of the LCD TV set and measure voltages with the help of a multi-
meter and write in the observation table.
XI Required Resources

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.

XII Actual procedure followed

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 48

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XIII Observation table:

Sr. Section Main board power Standard Measured Function

No. supply connector details voltages voltages of section
1 Power Section LED1+ : Driver Supply +25 - 40V
for LED Panel
2 LED-: Ground for Driver 0V
Supply
3 Audio section Power input to Sound +12V
Amplifier
4 Video section Power input to Tuner +3.3V
circuit
5 Microprocessor Power input to Processor +1.5 - 2V
section
6 Sub Power input for Stand +5V
microprocessor By operation
7 section Power input to DRAM +3.3V
section

XIV Result(s):
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

XV Interpretation of Results:

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 49

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such questions to ensure
achievement of identified CO.

1 Give standard voltage ranges of typical LCD TV at audio and video sections input and output?
2 What is an LCD, and how does it differ from other display technologies?
3 Describe the structure of a typical LCD panel and the role of liquid crystals in its
operation.
4 List the function of polarizers, electrodes, and alignment layers in an LCD panel.
5 List the different types of backlighting technologies used in LCD displays.

[Space for Answers]

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 50

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 51

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/links/Virtual lab Link

1. https://youtu.be/TQmTSgUGS0I?si=H8GQdFsUhX1I6xNX
2. https://wiringdatateresa.z21.web.core.windows.net/lcd-tv-parts-diagram.html
3. https://www.scientechworld.com/education-software-training-and-skill-
development/engineering-and-vocational-products/understanding-lcd-television
4. https://www.orientdisplay.com/knowledge-base/lcd-basics/what-is-lcd-liquid-
crystal-display/

XIX Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 52

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Practical No. 08: Fault analysis of LCD TV

I Practical Significance:
Fault analysis of LCD TVs involves diagnosing and troubleshooting issues that may arise
during operation. It underscores the importance of systematic diagnosis and repair in
ensuring the optimal performance, reliability, and longevity of LCD TVs.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences.
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

 Test different types of video systems

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

 Troubleshoot the faults in LCD TV: - a) No picture, No Audio.
b) No audio but proper picture.
c) complete dead TV.

V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)

1. Handle equipment carefully.
2. Follow safety precautions.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

Here's an overview of the key theoretical concepts relevant to diagnosing and

troubleshooting LCD TV issues:
1. LCD Structure and Operation:
● LCD panels consist of a sandwich-like structure with layers of polarizing filters,
liquid crystal material, electrodes, and a backlight.
● Liquid crystals are molecules that can change orientation in response to an electric
field, modulating the passage of light through the panel.
● Understanding how the application of voltage affects the orientation of liquid
crystals helps diagnose issues related to display anomalies such as dead pixels,
stuck pixels, or image persistence.
2. Backlighting:
● LCD TVs use various backlighting technologies, such as LED (Light Emitting
Diode) or CCFL (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp), to illuminate the screen.
● Issues with backlighting, such as dimness, flickering, or uneven illumination, can
affect the overall brightness and uniformity of the display.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 53

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

● Knowledge of backlighting systems and their components is essential for

diagnosing faults related to power supply, inverter boards, or backlight
assemblies.
3. Signal Processing and Mainboard:
● The mainboard of an LCD TV houses components responsible for processing
audio and video signals, driving the display panel, and controlling various
functions.
● Faults in signal processing circuits, such as damaged ICs (Integrated Circuits),
faulty connections, or corrupted firmware, can lead to issues such as distorted
images, color inaccuracies, or no display.
● Understanding the signal flow and processing stages helps pinpoint faults within
the mainboard and associated circuitry.
4. Power Supply and Voltage Regulation:
● The power supply unit (PSU) provides the necessary voltages to operate the
various components of an LCD TV, including the backlight, mainboard, and
peripherals.
● Faults in the power supply, such as insufficient voltage output, voltage spikes, or
ripple, can cause a range of issues, including intermittent power, no power, or
erratic behavior.
● Knowledge of voltage regulation, component tolerances, and protection
mechanisms aids in diagnosing power supply-related faults accurately.
5. Control Interfaces and User Input:
● LCD TVs feature control interfaces such as buttons, remote controls, or touch
panels for user interaction.
● Issues with control interfaces, such as unresponsive buttons, erratic behavior, or
communication errors, may stem from faulty components, loose connections, or
firmware issues.
● Understanding the operation of control interfaces and their integration with the
mainboard helps diagnose and troubleshoot user input-related faults.
6. Environmental Factors and Aging Effects:
● Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and mechanical stress can
affect the performance and longevity of LCD TVs.
● Aging effects, such as degradation of components, wear and tear of connectors, or
deterioration of backlighting elements, may manifest as gradual changes in
display quality or intermittent faults.
● Recognizing the impact of environmental factors and aging effects is essential for
predicting and diagnosing long-term reliability issues in LCD TVs.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 54

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

VII LCD TV trainer kit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.
a. Suggested Kit / Circuit Diagram:

Figure 8.1. LCD TV trainer kit

b. Actual setup diagram

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 55

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
01 LCD trainer Kit Scientech kit or any other available in your 01
laboratory
02 Multimeter Digital Multi-meter: 3&1/2 digit display. 01
03 Connecting Cords/Wires As per requirement

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1 Do not switch on the power supply unless you have checked the circuit connection as
per circuit diagram.
2 Select the proper range of Voltage of multi-meter.
3 Connect multi-meter probes with correct polarities to the kit for supply
voltage measurements.
4 Keep kit in dust free and clean place

X Procedure:
1 Identify different stages of a given LCD TV receiver.
2 Observe the circuit diagram of LCD TV.
3 Identify various sections and write the function in the observation table.
4 Identify various stages of the LCD TV set and measure voltages with the help of a
multimeter and write in the observation table.

XI Required Resources

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.

XII Actual procedure followed

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 56

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XIII Observation table:

Sr. Fault in Section Observations

No.

1 Power supply

2 Audio/Video input

3 Audio/Video output

4 LCD display
interface

5 Totally unable to
view screen / Blank
screen

XIV Result(s):
……………………………………......................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………………………………

XV Interpretation of Results:

……………………………………......................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………………………………
XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:

…………………………………........................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………….
XVII Practical Related Questions:
Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such questions to
ensure achievement of identified CO.

1. Outline the troubleshooting steps you would take to identify the cause of a no display
fault in an LCD TV.
2. Explain the process of diagnosing and repairing backlight-related faults in an LCD TV.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 57

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

3. Provide a step-by-step guide to troubleshooting audio problems in an LCD TV, including

testing audio components and connections.
4. List three common applications of LCDs in everyday electronics.

[Space for Answers]

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 58

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XIX Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 59

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Practical No. 09: Voltage analysis of given sections of LED TV.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences.
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

 Test different types of video systems.

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

 Test the performance of various sections of given LED TV:
a) Power Supply b) Driver LED section c) Audio section d) Video Section

V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)

1. Handle equipment carefully.
2. Follow safety precautions.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

LED stands for "light-emitting diode," and an LED TV is a type of television that uses LED
backlighting to produce images. The LED TV is a more advanced version of the LCD TV.
It has an array of LED’s to provide the backlight. LED’s consist of small semiconductors,
which glow during exposure to electric current. Specifically, this current flows between
LED anodes which are positively charged electrodes, and LED cathodes which are
negatively charged electrodes. LED TV requires less energy and is able to produce brighter
on-screen colors than LCD TV.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 60

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

VII LED TV trainer kit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.
a. Suggested Kit / Circuit Diagram:

Figure 9.1. LED TV trainer kit

Figure 9.2. LED TV block diagram

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 61

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

b Actual circuit diagram/Kit used in the laboratory:

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
01 LED trainer Kit Scientech kit or any other available in your 01
laboratory
02 Multimeter Digital Multimeter: 3&1/2 digit display. 01
03 Connecting Cords/Wires As per requirement

XIX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1. Do not switch on the power supply unless you have checked the circuit connection as per
circuit diagram.
2. Select the proper range of Volt/div and Time/div on CRO.
3. Connect kit and CRO with correct polarities.

X Procedure:
1. Identify different stages of a given LED TV receiver.
2. Observe the circuit diagram of LED TV.
3. Identify various sections and write the function in the observation table.
4. Identify various stages of the LED TV set and measure voltages with the help of a
multimeter and write in the observation table.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 62

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XI Required Resources

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.

XII Actual procedure followed

Sr. Section Main board power supply Standard Measured Function

No. connector details voltages voltages of section
1 Power Section LED1+ : Driver Supply for +25 - 40V
LED Panel
2 LED-: Ground for Driver 0V
Supply
3 Audio section Power input to Sound +12V
Amplifier
4 Video section Power input to Tuner circuit +3.3V

5 Microprocessor Power input to Processor +1.5 - 2V

section
6 Sub Power input for Stand By +5V
microprocessor operation
7 section Power input to DRAM section +3.3V

XIV Result(s):
……………………………………............................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 63

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XV Interpretation of Results:

.…..……………………………………............................................................................
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:

….………………………………………............................................................................
……………………………………………………………………………………………

XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such questions to
ensure achievement of identified CO.
1. Give standard voltage ranges of typical LED TV at audio and video sections input and
output?
2. List the different sections of LED TV.
3. For television, which is better: LED or LCD, why?
4. Give the difference between LED TV and LCD TV.

[Space for Answers]

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 64

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XVII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/links/Virtual lab

Link
1. https://www.scientechworld.com/education-software-training-and-skill-
development/engineering-and-vocational-products/understanding-lcd-
television
2. https://www.soft4led.com/lcd-led-tv-display-panel-connection-voltages-
understanding/

XIX Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 65

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Practical No. 10: Fault analysis of LED TV

I Practical Significance:
The main board is the central component of an LED TV and is responsible for controlling
various functions, including signal processing, power distribution, and input/output
connections. When the main board malfunctions, it can result in various problems, such as
no power, no picture, or even a completely dead TV. In such cases, it becomes necessary
to test the main board to identify the underlying issue and troubleshoot the TV. Fault
analysis of LED TVs involves diagnosing and troubleshooting issues that may arise during
operation. It underscores the importance of systematic diagnosis and repair in ensuring the
optimal performance, reliability, and longevity of LED TVs.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences.
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

 Test different types of video systems

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

 Locate and rectify faults in a LED TV: -
i. No picture, No Audio.
ii. No audio but proper picture.
iii. Complete dead TV.

V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)

1. Handle equipment carefully.
2. Follow safety precautions.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

The LED TV is a more advanced version of the LCD TV. It has an array of LED’s to
provide the backlight. LED’s consist of small semiconductors, which glow during exposure
to electric current. Specifically, this current flows between LED anodes which are positively
charged electrodes, and LED cathodes which are negatively charged electrodes. LED TV
requires less energy and is able to produce brighter on-screen colors than LCD TV.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 66

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

VII LED TV trainer kit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.
a. Suggested Kit / Circuit Diagram:

Figure 10.1. LED TV trainer kit

Figure 10.2. LED TV block diagram

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 67

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

b. Actual Circuit diagram/Kit used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
01 LED trainer Kit Scientech kit or any other available in your 01
laboratory
02 Multimeter Digital Multi-meter: 3&1/2 digit display. 01
03 Connecting Cords/Wires As per requirement 01

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 68

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XI Required Resources

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.

XII Actual procedure followed

XIII Observation table:

Sr. Fault in Section Observations

No
1 Power supply

2 Audio/Video input

3 Audio/Video output

4 LED display interface

5 Totally unable to
view screen

XIV Result(s):
……………………………………......................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………………………………
XV Interpretation of Results:

……………………………………....................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………………………….….

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 69

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:

……………………………………...........................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………
XVII Practical Related Questions:
Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such questions to
ensure achievement of identified CO.

1. Outline the troubleshooting steps you would take to identify the cause of a no display
fault in an LED TV.
2. What are the environmental benefits of using LEDs TV? (e.g., reduced carbon footprint,
less hazardous materials etc.)
3. What is the resolution of the LED TV?
4. Which operating system does the LED TV use? How user-friendly is the interface?

[Space for Answers]

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 70

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/links/Virtual lab Link

1 https://youtu.be/6OPrb9Gdf9Y
2 https://www.scientechworld.com/education-software-training-and-skill-

XIX Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 71

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Practical No. 11: Dismantling and assembling of paper feed

mechanism in photocopier machine
I Practical Significance:
Dismantling and reassembling the paper feed mechanism helps technicians and
engineers understand how each component functions and interacts within the system. It
enhances technical skills and practical knowledge, which are critical for maintenance and
servicing of photocopier machines. Understanding the common failure points allows for
better preventive maintenance strategies, reducing downtime and extending the life of the
machine. Ensuring that the paper feed mechanism is properly tested and reassembled
maintains the quality of the photocopying process, reducing the likelihood of paper jams
or misfeeds

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences.
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

 Troubleshoot various consumer electronic appliances.

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

 Test the components and operation of the paper feed mechanism in a photocopier
machine through dismantling and reassembly.

V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)

1. Handle small parts with care
2. Follow safety precautions.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

A photocopier ,also called copier or copy machine, and formerly Xerox machine is a
machine at makes copies of documents and other visual images onto paper or plastic film
quickly and cheaply. Most modern photocopiers use a technology called xerography, a dry
process that uses electrostatic charges on a light-sensitive photoreceptor to first attract and
then transfer toner particles (a powder) onto paper in the form of an image. The toner is
then fused onto the paper using heat, pressure, or a combination of both. Thus photocopiers
work on the principle that 'opposites attract'. Toner is a powder that is used to create the
printed text and images on paper. The powder is negatively charged, and so it is attracted
to something positive - the paper. Copiers can also use other technologies, such as inkjet,
but xerography is standard for office copying.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 72

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

VII Actual Circuit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.
a. Suggested Kit / Circuit Diagram:

Figure 11.1: Internal components of Photocopier machine

Figure 11.2: Photocopier Machine

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 73

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

b. Actual circuit diagram/Kit used in the laboratory:

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. No. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

1 Photocopier machine Print speed 20 ppm,600 dpi x 600 dpi 01

resolution
2 Screw drivers Standard set 01
3 Pliers Standard set 01
4 Tweezers Standard set 01
5 Compressed air can Appearing as gas at room temperature, 01
pressure 6.8 Bar at 250 C
6 Cleaning cloths - 01
7 Isopropyl Alcohol Quality Level. 200, impurities. ≤0.5% 01
8 Protective gloves cotton knitted material with Nitrile 01 pair
material coating on palm and fingers.

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1.Ensure the photocopier machine is turned off and unplugged from the power source.
2.Use an anti-static wrist strap to avoid damaging sensitive electronic components.
3.Keep the work area clean and organized to avoid losing small parts.
X Procedure
Test the wires/cables/Electronic Components used for connections properly. If they are faulty
then keep it in the proper E-waste bin.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 74

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

A Disassembly
1. Open and carefully remove the paper tray.
2. Locate and remove screws or clips holding the covers or panels that conceal the
paper feed mechanism.
3. Carefully remove the covers to expose the paper feed rollers, gears, and other components.
4. Gently pull out the feed rollers. Take note of their position and orientation.
5. Inspect and disconnect other components such as gears, sensors, and
belts. Take pictures and notes on their placement.
6. Use compressed air and cleaning cloths to remove dust and debris from all parts.

B Reassembly
1. Place the feed rollers back into their original positions, ensuring they are properly aligned
and secured.
2. Replace gears, sensors, and other parts in their original locations, referring to your notes
and. Photos.
3. Reattach the covers or panels, securing them with the appropriate screws or clips.
4. Place the paper tray back into the machine.
5. Plug in and turn on the photocopier. Test the machine.

XI Required Resources

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 75

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XII Actual procedure followed

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…….……………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………….………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………….………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

XIII Observation table:

Sr. No. Action Observations

1 Remove the Paper Tray
2 Access the Paper Feed Area
3 Identify Components Components identified:

4 Remove the Feed Rollers:

5 Disconnect Sensors and Wires
6 Remove the Separation Pads
7 Inspect and Clean
8 Install the Separation Pads
9 Reconnect Sensors and Wires
10 Reinstall the Feed Rollers
11 Replace the Cover or Panel
12 Reinstall the Paper Tray
13 Power On
14 Test Feed/Working

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 76

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XIV Result(s):

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
XV Interpretation of Results:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:

XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such questions to ensure
achievement of identified CO.

1 State the model details of the photocopier machine.

2 State the components of the paper feed mechanism.
3 What tools are needed for the photocopier machine dismantling and assembling process?
4 State the features of a photocopier machine.

[ Space for Answers]

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 77

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/links/Virtual lab Link

1 https://images.app.goo.gl/sA67a2bZ5cJAErwv9
2 https://images.app.goo.gl/33Vv2vMMPQ6MutXA9

XIX Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 78

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Practical No. 12: Identification of front panel controls of microwave oven

I Practical Significance:
Identifying and understanding the front panel controls of a microwave oven
significantly enhance practical usage, ensuring that the appliance is used safely, efficiently,
and effectively. This knowledge is essential for optimizing cooking results, preventing,
accidents and maintaining the appliance in good working order.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences.
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

 Troubleshoot various consumer electronic appliances.

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

 Identify and test various front panel controls of the microwave oven.
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
1. Handle equipment carefully.
2. Follow safety precautions.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

A microwave oven or simply microwave is an electric oven that heats and cooks
food by exposing it to electromagnetic radiation in the microwave frequency range. This
induces polar molecules in the food to rotate and produce thermal energy in a process known
as dielectric heating. Microwave ovens heat foods quickly and efficiently because excitation
is fairly uniform in the outer 25–38 mm (1–1.5 inches) of a homogeneous, high-water-
content food item.
Modern microwave ovens use either an analog dial-type timer or a digital control
panel for operation. Few of the front panel controls are:
Power/Start Button: Initiates the cooking process.
Number Keypad: Used to enter cooking time, power level, or other numeric inputs.
Weight Defrost Button: Sets defrosting time based on the weight of the food.
Power Level Button: Adjusts the cooking power level (e.g., High, Medium, Low).
Stop/Cancel Button: Stops the cooking process or clears the current settings.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 79

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

VII Actual Circuit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.
a. Suggested Kit / Circuit Diagram:

Figure 12.1:Front panel of microwave oven

b. Actual circuit diagram/Kit used in the laboratory:

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 80

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
01 Microwave Oven Trainer A fully functional microwave oven with 01
kit a front panel containing various controls
(buttons, dials, touchpads).
02 User Manual specific to the microwave oven model being 01
tested, providing detailed instructions on the
operation and functions of each control.

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1. Before beginning the experiment, make sure the microwave oven is unplugged to
avoid any risk of electrical shock.
2. Do not touch the controls with wet hands to prevent electrical hazards and damage to
the appliance.
3. Do not run the microwave for extended periods without food inside, as this can damage
the appliance.

X Procedure:
Test the wires/cables/Electronic Components used for connections properly. If they are faulty
then keep it in the proper E-waste bin.
Safety Check: Ensure the microwave oven is unplugged before starting the experiment to
avoid any electrical hazards.
Initial Inspection: Visually inspect the front panel of the microwave oven. Note the layout
and labels of the controls
Control Identification: Identify each button, dial, or touchpad on the front panel. Note the
symbols, text, or icons associated with each control.
Function Testing (if the microwave can be plugged in safely): Plug in the microwave oven.
Test each control by following the manufacturer’s instructions. Observe the response of the
microwave to each control input (e.g., the display changes, lights turn on, the turntable rotates).

Notes on Specific Controls

● Power/Start Button: This button often doubles as a quick start button when
pressed multiple times in quick succession.
● Stop/Cancel Button: Important for halting the microwave immediately in case
of an emergency.
● Timer/Clock Button: Can be confusing if the same button is used for both
functions; read the manual for specific instructions.
● Number Pad: Typically used for setting the time in seconds or minutes, and
sometimes for power levels.
● Defrost Button: Some models have automatic defrosting based on weight or type of food.

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XI Required Resources

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity Remarks

No.

XII Actual procedure followed

XIII Observation table:

Sr. No. Control Name Type (Button Symbol/Text/ Function
/Dial/Touch pad) /Icon Description

1 Power/Start
2 Stop/Cancel
3 Timer/Clock
4 Number Pad
5 Power level
6 Defrost
7 Turntable ON/OFF
8 Door Release

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The ______________ button stops the microwave immediately when pressed once and
clears the settings when pressed twice.
XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such questions to
ensure achievement of identified CO.
1. What is the symbol, text, or icon associated with stop/cancel control for microwave oven?
2. How many power levels are available on Microwave oven front panel?
3. Does the light turn on automatically when the microwave oven door is opened?
4. For the microwave oven explain the door release mechanism working.
[ Space for Answers]
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XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/links/Virtual lab Link

1 https://images.app.goo.gl/LRpRkLPpTu9LxHRa6
2 https://www.maytag.com/blog/kitchen/parts-of-a-microwave.html

XIX Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 84

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Practical No. 13: Fault analysis in microwave oven

I Practical Significance:
Fault analysis in microwave ovens holds significant practical importance, enhancing safety,
performance, and longevity of the appliance. It contributes to cost savings, environmental
conservation, and the development of technical skills. Regular and thorough fault analysis
ensures that microwave ovens remain reliable, efficient, and safe for everyday use,
benefiting both users and manufacturers.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s):

The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences.
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

 Troubleshoot various consumer electronic appliances.
IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)
 Detect and rectify faults in microwave oven - a) Oven not starting b) Oven not heating
c) Error display.
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
1. Handle equipment carefully.
2. Follow safety precautions.

Relevant Theoretical Background.

Microwave ovens use electromagnetic waves, typically at a frequency of 2.45 GHz, to heat
food. These waves are absorbed by water, fats, and sugars, causing them to vibrate and
produce heat. It consists of -
Magnetron: The core component that generates microwaves. It converts electrical energy
into microwave radiation.
Waveguide: A component that directs microwaves from the magnetron to the cooking
chamber.
Turntable and Stirrer: Ensure even distribution of microwaves for uniform cooking.
Cooling fan.: The cooling fan keeps the microwave from overheating. The cooling
fan automatically comes on during operation to cool the microwave oven.
Cooking cavity.: The cooking cavity is the inside compartment of your microwave where
you cook, reheat, brown, or defrost your food.
Control Panel: The control panel allows the user to choose settings and determine what they want
the microwave to do.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 85

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VII Actual Circuit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.
a. Suggested Kit / Circuit Diagram:

Figure13.1: Parts of Microwave oven

b. Actual circuit diagram/Kit used in the laboratory:

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VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
1 Microwave Oven Trainer kit A fully functional microwave oven with a front
panel containing various controls (buttons, 01
dials, touchpads).
2 User Manual Specific to the microwave oven model being
tested, providing detailed instructions on the 01
operation and functions of each control.
3 Multi-meter Digital-DC/AC-20mV to 20 V 01
4 Screwdrivers - 01/2
5 Pliers - 01/2

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1 Ensure the microwave oven is unplugged from the power source before beginning any
fault analysis.
2 Avoid touching the high-voltage parts of the microwave, such as the magnetron and the
high-voltage transformer, directly.
3 When testing the microwave’s operation, place a microwave-safe container with water
inside to absorb the microwaves and prevent damage to the magnetron.

X Procedure:
Test the wires/cables/Electronic Components used for connections properly. If they are
faulty then keep it in the proper E-waste bin.
1. Ensure the microwave is disconnected from the power source.
2. Using a resistor, safely discharge any capacitors to prevent electrical shocks. Connect
the resistor across the terminals of the capacitor and hold it in place until it is fully
discharged.

Fault Analysis and rectification:

a) Oven not starting:

1 Check if the microwave oven is plugged in properly and that the power outlet is working.
2 Make sure the door of the microwave oven is closed securely. Some models have safety
mechanisms that prevent the oven from starting if the door is not closed properly. Test fuse
with a multi-meter.
3 Examine the control panel for any error codes or indicators that might suggest a specific issue.
4 If there are no visible issues, try resetting the microwave oven by unplugging it for a few
minutes and then plugging it back in.

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b) Oven not heating:

1 Check if the microwave oven is plugged in properly and that the power outlet is
working.
2 Make sure the door of the microwave oven is closed securely.
3 Try setting the microwave oven to a different power level and heating time to see if it
responds.
4 If the oven still doesn't heat, there might be an issue with the magnetron, capacitor,
diode, or other heating components. Check each component using multi-meter and
replace the faulty component

c) Error display:

1 Note down the error code displayed on the control panel.

2 Refer to the user manual for your microwave oven to interpret the error code. It may
provide specific instructions on how to troubleshoot or resolve the issue.
3 Check Control Board: Look for burnt components or damaged traces on the control
board. Repair or replace as necessary.

XI Required Resources

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.

XII Actual procedure followed

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XIII Observation table:

Sr. Fault Type Symptoms Possible Observations

No. Causes
Oven not No light inside No sound
01 from the oven
starting
Light is on Timer works
Oven not
02 but food
heating
remains cold
Error Specific error Oven beeps
03 code displayed repeatedly
display

XIV Result(s):
……………………………………..........................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………………

XV Interpretation of Results:
Always _________ (plug/unplug) the microwave before performing any inspections or
repairs.
XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:

XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such questions
to ensure achievement of identified CO.

1. What are the common signs that indicate a microwave oven is faulty?
2. What is the role of the door switch in the operation of a microwave oven?
3. How do you check the fuse in a microwave oven, and what tools are
required for this test?
4. List the most common tools used for fault analysis in a microwave oven.
[ Space for Answers]
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Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 89

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XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/links/Virtual lab Link

1 https://www.maytag.com/blog/kitchen/parts-of-a-microwave.html
2 https://youtu.be/b7H1AOJpOxc?si=--tO_oMqejhs-A0x

XIX Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 91

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Practical No. 14: Performance of washing Machine

I Practical Significance:
Evaluating and understanding the performance of washing machines is crucial for
continuous improvement, user satisfaction, and environmental sustainability. Analyzing
water consumption can help in designing more water-efficient washing cycles, reducing
waste and conserving water resources. Optimizing cycle durations can help in providing
quicker washing options, saving time for users Understanding the performance and stress on
different components can lead to extending the machine's lifespan.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences.
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

 Troubleshoot various consumer electronic appliances.

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

 Set the time duration of different wash cycles for a given washing machine.

V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)

1. Handle the equipment carefully
2. Follow all safety precautions

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

A washing machine is an electrical machine consisting of different types of electric

motors, switches, times, buzzers, etc. • There are different types of washing machines from
different manufacturers available in the market, but all the washing machines work almost
in the same principle.
At various stages of the washing cycle the drum is required to rotate at different speeds. •
These include: a low speed of about 30 revolutions per minute (rpm) while clothes are
washed: an intermediate speed of about 90 rpm while the water is pumped out and a high
speed of either 500 or 1000 rpm to spin dry the clothes.

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VII Actual Circuit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.
a. Suggested kit/equipment

Figure 14.1: Front panel of washing machine

b Actual kit/equipment used in laboratory

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VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
1 Washing machine trainer kit Single phase ,50 Hz,230 V AC, 01
Semi -automatic type
2 User manual As per the washing machine model 01

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1. Ensure the washing machine is properly grounded to avoid electrical shocks.
2. Do not touch electrical components with wet hands.
3. Keep the area around the washing machine dry to prevent slipping and electrical hazards.

X Procedure:
1.Test the wires/cables/Electronic Components used for connections properly. If they
are faulty then keep it in the proper E-waste bin.
2.Select Initial Cycle Settings.
3.Run Control Tests for:
i. Water inlet sensor
ii. Spin/wash motor
iii. Timer
4.Modify the duration of each wash cycle incrementally (e.g., by 5-minute intervals).
5.Record the observations for each parameter.

XI Required Resources

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.

XII Actual procedure followed

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XIII Observation table:

Sr. No. Parameters to be observed Observations

1 Water inlet sensor

2 Whether Motor for spin/wash

starts

3 Timer set for various time period

a.10 min
b.15 min
c 20 min

XIV Result(s):
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XV Interpretation of Results:

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XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:
……………………………………..................................................................................

…………………………………………………………………………………………
. ………………………………………………………………………………………..

XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such questions
to ensure achievement of identified CO.
1 State the types of washing machines.
2 Which are the different motors used in washing machines?
3 State the different wash cycles?
4 Write the function of any four controls available on the front panel of washing machine.
[ Space for Answers]
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Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 96

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XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/links/Virtual lab Link

1 https://da-iitb.vlabs.ac.in/exp/washin-machine-control/theory.html
2 https://images.app.goo.gl/fdSjgUyHgMpB3ymdA
3 https://da-iitb.vlabs.ac.in/exp/washin-machine-control/procedure.html

XIX Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 97

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Practical No. 15: Sketch the wiring diagram of washing machine

I Practical Significance:
Understanding and creating a wiring diagram for a washing machine helps in diagnosing
and repairing electrical issues within the washing machine. Also it ensures that all
components are correctly connected, reducing the risk of electrical hazards.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s):

The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences.
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

 Troubleshoot various consumer electronic appliances.

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

● Sketch the wiring diagram of the washing machine and locate its main components.
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
1. Handle equipment carefully.
2. Follow safety precautions.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

A washing machine is one that washes and dries the clothes. A washing machine is an
electrical machine consisting of different types of electric motors, switches, times,
buzzers, etc.
Internal Parts of the Washing Machine
Spin Motor:
Spin Motor is also known as a dryer motor. It is used to dry the clothes. A spin motor is
a single- phase induction motor. It has two windings Starting winding and running
winding. It required a capacitor to start. Generally, a capacitor is used with this spin
motor. Also, a capacitor is connected to the spin motor. The spin motor is low power
rated than the wash motor.
Wash Motor:
A Wash motor is used to wash the cloth. It is more powerful than the spin motor because
it has to make the movement of wet clothes with water. The wash motor is also a single-
phase induction motor, it also has two windings - running winding and starting winding.
Here also, a capacitor is required for its operation. The wash motor is subjected to rotate
in both directions and it is done by the wash timer. The speed and torque of the Wash
motor is more than the spin motor.

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Spin Timer:
Spin Timer is used to operate the Spin motor. A spin timer is a two-terminal device, it is to
be connected with the spin motor and the power supply. Spin motor and Spin timer are used
in both semiautomatic and automatic washing machines.

Wash Timer:
The Wash Timer is used to operate the wash motor. The function of the wash timer is to
rotate the wash motor with a preset time, change the direction of the rotation of the motor,
and turn on the buzzer or alarm when washing is completed. There are different types of
wash timers are available such as three-terminal wash timers, four-terminal wash timers,
and six terminal wash timers.

Door Switch:
The door switch provides the function to operate the washing machine when the door is
only in closed condition. You can see the door switch is connected in series with the spin
motor so, until the door is closed, the spin motor will not work.

VII Actual Circuit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.
a. Suggested Kit / Circuit Diagram:

Figure 15.1: Washing machine wiring diagram

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b. Actual kit/circuit diagram:

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. No. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

1 Washing machine trainer kit Single phase ,50 Hz,230 V AC, 01
Semi -automatic type
2 Service manual for the washing - 01
machine
3 Paper/pencil/Colored - 01
pencils/markers

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1. Ensure the power is turned off before starting any wiring or adjustments.
2. Ensure that all electrical components are kept dry.
3. Inspect all equipment and wiring for damage or defects before use.
4. Conduct the experiment in a well-ventilated area to avoid the buildup of fumes or gases.

X Procedure:
1. Test the wires/cables/Electronic Components used for connections properly. If they are
faulty then keep it in the proper E-waste bin.
2. Carefully open and inspect the washing machine.
3. Locate each of the main components listed.
4. Sketch the rough outline of the washing machine's components on paper.
5. Identify the locations of major components such as the control board, motors, sensors,
and valves.
6. Draw lines to represent the electrical connections between the components.
7. Use symbols to denote different components (refer to electrical standards for symbols).

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 100

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8. Label each component clearly on the diagram.

9. Use different colors for different types of wires (power, ground, signal).
10. Create a detailed wiring diagram based on the rough outline.
11. Ensure each wire is accurately placed and labeled.
12. Include connections to the power supply, control unit, motors, sensors, actuators, water
inlet and outlet.
13. Compare the drawn diagram with the service manual to ensure accuracy.

XI Required Resources

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
1.
2.
3.

XII Actual procedure followed

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XIII Observation table:

Sr. Component Location

No.
01 Power Cord
02 Main Power Switch

03 Main Control Board

04 User Interface Panel

05 Drive Motor

06 Pump Motor

07 Door Lock Mechanism

08 Drain Pump

XIV Result(s):
……………………………………....................................................................................
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XV Interpretation of Results:
……………………………………...................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………….
XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:

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XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such questions to
ensure achievement of identified CO.

1 What are the main electrical components of the washing machine?

2 Which component controls the drum rotation and how is it connected to the control board?
3 What is the function of relays in the washing machine’s wiring system and where are
they typically located?
4 What does different wiring colors signify?

[ Space for Answers]

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XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/links/Virtual lab Link

1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Rl5OTx_u80
2 https://youtu.be/PD-xs8vTxI0?si=l2RDFhvrhLi_ElNV

XIX Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 104

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Practical No. 16: Fault analysis of washing machine

I Practical Significance:
Fault analysis in washing machines is a critical process with several practical applications
and benefits. Understanding the practical significance can help in various areas, including
maintenance, repair, design improvements, and safety enhancements.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s):

The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences.
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

● Troubleshoot various consumer electronic appliances.

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

● Troubleshooting of washing machine - a) Excessive noise during operation b) Door
lock problem.
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
1. Handle equipment carefully.
2. Follow safety precautions.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

When troubleshooting washing machines, understanding the underlying principles and
common issues can help diagnose and resolve problems effectively. Here, we focus on two
specific problems: excessive noise during operation and door lock problems

A. Excessive Noise During Operation

Excessive noise in washing machines can stem from various sources, including mechanical,
electrical, or operational issues in various components like motors, pump, drive belt, drum
and tub.
B. Door Lock Problems
A malfunctioning door lock can prevent the washing machine from starting or completing a
cycle. Door lock mechanism consists of-
Latch Mechanism: The door latch physically secures the door. If it is misaligned or broken,
the door may not lock properly.
Locking Mechanism: Some washing machines use a mechanical lock that engages when the door is
closed.

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VII Actual Circuit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.
a. Suggested Kit/circuit diagram

Figure 16.1: Parts of washing machine

b. Actual setup diagram

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VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity
No.
1 Washing machine trainer kit Semi-automatic functional washing machine 01
2 User manual specific to the microwave oven model being
tested, providing detailed instructions on the 01
operation and functions of each control.
3 Multi-meter Digital-DC/AC-20mV to 20 V 01
4 Screwdrivers Standard set 01
5 Pliers Standard set 01
6 Gloves Rubber Gloves 01 pair
7 Lubricant - 01
8 Leveling tool With anti-Vibration Pads for Washing
Machine - 4 Pads with Tank Tread Grip + 01
Level - Washer Dryer Pedestals

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1 Ensure the washing machine is unplugged from the power source before beginning any
fault analysis.
2 Avoid touching the high-voltage parts of the washing machine.

X Procedure:
1Test the wires/cables/Electronic Components used for connections properly. If they are
faulty then keep it in the proper E-waste bin.
Excessive Noise During Operation:
1 Unplug the washing machine from the power source.
2 Open the washing machine door and inspect the drum for any foreign objects that may
be causing noise.
3 Check for any obvious loose parts inside the drum.
4 Using a leveling tool ensure the washing machine is evenly placed on the floor.
5 Adjust the machine’s feet if necessary to make sure it is level.
6 Inspect Bearings and Seals by removing the washing machine panels using Screwdrivers
7 Check the drum bearings for wear and tear.
8 If bearings are worn out, use a bearing puller to remove them and replace them with new
ones.
9 Inspect the seals and replace them if they are damaged.
10 Locate the shock absorbers and springs inside the machine.
11 Inspect them for wear or damage.
12 Replace any worn or damaged shock absorbers or springs with new ones.
13 Locate the drive belt connecting the motor to the drum.
14 Check the belt for wear, cracks, or looseness.
15 Replace the belt if it is worn or damaged.

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16 Apply lubricant to moving parts such as bearings and pulleys to ensure smooth operation.
17 Plug in the washing machine and run a test cycle to check for noise reduction.

B. Door Lock Problem

1. Unplug the washing machine from the power source.

2. Inspect the door latch and ensure it is properly aligned. Check for any visible damage to
the latch mechanism.
3. Test the Door Lock Switch by removing the washing machine’s control panel .
4. Locate the door lock switch.
5. Use a multi-meter to test the continuity of the switch. If the switch does not show
continuity when the door is closed, it may be faulty.
6. Replace the door lock switch if it is faulty.
7. Inspect the Solenoid or Actuator.
8. Check for any visible damage or wear.
9. Test the solenoid with a multi-meter to ensure it is receiving power and functioning
correctly.
10. Replace the solenoid or actuator if it is malfunctioning.
11. Locate the control board within the washing machine.
12. Inspect the board for any signs of damage, such as burnt components or broken traces.
13. Replace the control board if it is identified as the source of the problem.

C. Test Run: Reassemble the washing machine panels and control panel.

1 Plug in the washing machine and close the door.

2 Run a test cycle to ensure the door locks properly and the machine operates as expected.
3 Verify that the door remains locked during operation and unlocks at the end of the cycle.

XI Required Resources

Sr. No. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

XII Actual procedure followed

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 108

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XIII Observation table:

A. Excessive Noise During Operation:

Sr. Step Observation Action taken

No.
Presence of foreign objects
Initial in drum?
01
Inspection Any loose parts inside the
drum?
Level the Washing machine level wrt
Machine/ floor?
02
Mounting of
machine
Inspect Bearings worn out?
03 Bearings and
Seals
Check Shock Shock absorbers/springs
04 Absorbers/ damaged?
Spring
Examine the Drive belt worn or
05 damaged?
Drive Belt
Lubricate Moving parts properly
Moving parts lubricated?
06

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 109

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B. Door Lock Problem

Sr. Step Observation Action taken
No.
Door latch slightly mismatched
01 Initial Inspection
No visible damage
02 Test the Door Lock switch Switch showed no continuity
Inspect the solenoid or Solenoid functioning correctly
03
Actuator
Examine the Control Control board appeared in good
04
Board condition

XIV Result(s):
.…………………………………….......................................................................................
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
XV Interpretation of Results:

……………………………………....................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………………………………
XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:

……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..

XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such questions to
ensure achievement of identified CO.
1 State the components which cause noise during washing machine operation.
2 List the buttons/knobs available on the washing machine control panel.
3 What are the possible causes for excessive noise in the washing machine?
4 Why is lubrication important in the maintenance of a washing machine?
[Space for Answers]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 110

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 111

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/links/Virtual lab Link

1 https://images.app.goo.gl/aJSpB4CBVzyvfGRcA
2 https://onsitego.com/blog/fixing-loud-washing-machine/

XIX Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 112

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Practical No. 17: Use the various functions of Camcorder

I Practical Significance:
Testing iris (aperture) and shutter speed is crucial for understanding how
well the camcorder can handle different lighting conditions. Proper control over these
settings ensures that footage is neither overexposed nor underexposed. Computer
interface ensures smooth and efficient transfer of video files to computers for editing and
storage. Different formats offer various levels of quality and compression. Testing ensures
that users can choose the best format for their needs, balancing quality with file size.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s):

The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences.
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

 Troubleshoot various consumer electronic appliances.

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

 Test the various functions of Camcorder such as iris and shutter speed control,
computer interface, recording rate and recording format.
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
1. Handle the camcorder carefully.
2. Follow safety precautions while using the controls.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background:

A camcorder is a self-contained portable electronic device with video and recording as
its primary function. The important functions/controls available on the camcorder are-
Iris (Aperture) Control: The iris, or aperture, controls the amount of light entering the
camcorder lens. The aperture setting affects depth of field.
Shutter Speed Control: Shutter speed determines how long the camera’s sensor is
exposed to light. It i s measured i n f r a c t i o n s of a second ( e.g., 1/60, 1/1000).n
video recording, shutter speed is typically set to be double the frame rate to achieve natural
motion blur and avoid strobing effects.
Computer Interface: Enables the camcorder to connect with a computer for data transfer
and remote control.
Recording Rate (Frame Rate): Defines how many frames are captured per second.
Recording Format: Determines the file format and compression used to store the video.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 113

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VII Actual Circuit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.
a. Suggested kit/circuit diagram.

Figure 17.1 : Parts of a camcorder

b. Actual kit/circuit diagram .

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 114

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VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
1 Camcorder Min.10 MP, Full manual control of
aperture, shutter speed, focus and flash, 01
Zoom lens, HD Video Recording capability
2 Computer Any computer available in lab 01
3 USB/HDMI Cable: - 01

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1 Camcorders are delicate instruments. Handle them carefully to avoid damage.
2 Ensure the camcorder is fully charged and has enough storage space before checking the
Functions.
3 Avoid exposing the camcorder to extreme temperatures, moisture, or dust.

X Procedure:
Test the wires/cables/Electronic Components used for connections properly. If they are
faulty then keep it in the proper E-waste bin.
PART 1
1 Charge the camcorder battery fully.
2 Insert the memory card.
3 Record a static scene for 1-2 minutes.
4 Observe and note the ease of use of basic controls.

PART 2
Controls/Functions
1. Iris (Aperture) Control: Set the iris and check its function.

2. Shutter Speed Control: Record a short video (of 30 second) and test the shutter speed
and variations in the recording.

3. Computer Interface: Connect the camcorder to the computer using the appropriate cable
(USB, HDMI, etc.). Transfer recorded videos from the camcorder to the computer.

4. Recording Rate: Record a short video at different recording/frame rate and observe the
function of recording rate.

5. Recording Format: Check the different available recording formats and observe the
impact on video quality, size and compatibility with software.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 115

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XI Required Resources

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.

XII Actual procedure followed

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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XIII Observation table:

Sr. No. Function/Control Operation/Description

1 Iris (Aperture) Control

2 Shutter Speed Control

3 Computer Interface

4 Recording Rate

5 Recording Format

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 116

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XIV Result(s):
……………………………………..................................................................................
…………………………………………………………………………………………
XV Interpretation of Results:
…………………………………….................................................................................
…………………………………………………………………………………………

XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:

XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such questions to
ensure achievement of identified CO.

1 What is the maximum and minimum aperture available on the camcorder?

2 What is the range of shutter speeds available on the camcorder?
3 How does the camcorder handle high frame rates in terms of battery consumption and
heat generation?
4 What recording formats (e.g., AVCHD, MP4, MOV) are available on the camcorder?
5 How does changing the frame rate affect the smoothness of motion in the recorded video?
[ Space for Answers]
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 117

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 118

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/links/Virtual lab Link

1.https://www.hitlabnz.org/index.php/virtual-labs/
2.https://iconiccamera.com/parts-of-a-video-camera-and-their-functions/
3. https://www.adorama.com/alc/9-online-camera-simulators-to-help-your-
photography-skill/

XIX Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 119

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Practical No. 18: Interfacing of scanner

I Practical Significance:
Interfacing a scanner with a computer involves ensuring that the scanner can communicate effectively
with the computer for transferring scanned images and documents. Efficient interfacing allows for quick
and seamless scanning of documents directly to the computer, reducing the time spent on manual data
entry or transferring files via external storage devices.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences.
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

 Troubleshoot various consumer electronic appliances.

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

 Interface the scanner to the desktop computer and test its various controls.

V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)

1. Handle the scanner carefully.

2. Follow safety precautions.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

A scanner is a device that captures images from photographic prints, posters, magazine pages
and similar sources for computer editing and display. Scanners work by converting the image
on the document into digital information that can be stored on a computer through optical.
character recognition (OCR).This process is done by a scanning head, which uses one or
more sensors to capture the image as light or electrical charges.
The document scanner moves either the physical document or the scanning head, depending
on the type of scanner. Then, the scanner processes the scanned image and produces a digital
image that can be stored on a computer. Scanners usually attach to a computer system and
come with scanning software applications that let you resize and otherwise modify a captured
image. If a printer is hooked up to the computer, you could print a second hard copy of the
scanned image and store it in digital format.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 120

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VII Actual Circuit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.
a. Suggested kit/circuit diagram.

Figure 18.1: Scanner

Figure 18.2: Scanner computer interfacing

b Suggested kit/circuit diagram.

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VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
Scanner-type-Flatbed color, Photoelectric
1 Scanner device-Color CCD line sensor, effective
pixels- 40,800 × 56,160 pixels at 4800 dpi,
Output resolution-50 to 6400, 9600, 01
A PC or laptop with the necessary ports (USB,
2 Computer system Ethernet, etc.). 01
Appropriate cables for connecting the scanner
3 Cables and connectors to the computer (e.g., USB cables, Ethernet 01
cables).
4 Software VueScan,NAPS2 -
As per the scanner used
5 User manual 01

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1 Ensure the scanner is compatible with the operating system of the computer.
2 Place the scanner on a flat, stable surface to prevent vibrations that could affect scanning quality.
3 Determine the type of connection the scanner uses (USB, Wi-Fi, Ethernet).

4 Use good quality cables to avoid connection issues.

X Procedure:
1. Test the wires/cables/Electronic Components used for connections properly. If they are
faulty then keep it in the proper E-waste bin.
2. Place the scanner in a stable, accessible location.
3. Connect the scanner to the computer using the appropriate cables.
4. Plug in the scanner and ensure it is powered on.
5. Install the drivers on the computer according to the provided instructions.
6. Open the scanning software and configure the basic settings (e.g., resolution, color mode,
file format)
7. Perform initial test scans to verify the scanner is functioning correctly.
8. Check the scanned images for quality, resolution, and accuracy.
9. Adjust settings as needed based on test scan results.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 122

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XI Required Resources

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.

XII Actual procedure followed

XIII Observation table:

Sr. Control Control Description/Function Quality of Output

No.
1 Driver Installation Successful/Failed
2 Connection type Stable/Unstable
3 Power ON Ready/Not Ready
4 Software installation Successful/Failed
5 Color Mode Excellent/Good/Fair
6 Output quality Excellent/Good/Fair

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XIV Result(s):
…………………………………….......................................................................................
…………………………………………………………………………………………….

XV Interpretation of Results:

…………………………………….......................................................................................
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:
……………………………………......................................................................................
…………………………………………………………………………………………….

XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such questions to
ensure achievement of identified CO.
1 State the types of scanner.
2 How do you select and change the color mode (Color, Grayscale, Black & White)?
3 What are the available file formats for saving scanned documents?
4 How do you evaluate the quality of scanned documents?

[ Space for Answers]

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 124

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XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/links/Virtual lab Link

1 https://fab-coep.vlabs.ac.in/exp/3d-scanning/theory.html
2 https://youtu.be/5CP7Yh9fKbI?si=EtACjwygxXWqMDyT

XIX Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 125

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Practical No. 19: Performance of given wearable antenna

I Practical Significance:

The practical significance of conducting an experiment on the performance of a wearable antenna lies in
its ability to ensure that the antenna meets the demands of real-world applications. This encompasses
reliability, safety, integration with devices, environmental resilience, power efficiency, commercial
viability, and user experience. The insights gained from such experiments can lead to the development of
more effective, reliable, and user- friendly wearable technology.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences.
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

● Use various smart appliances.

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

● Measure the signal strength of wearable antenna.

V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)

1. Handle small parts with care
2. Follow safety precautions.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

A wearable antenna is designed to function while being worn. These antennas are commonly
used in wearable wireless communication and bio-medical RF systems. Wearable antennas are used
within the context of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN). Wearable Antennas are essentially any
antenna that is specifically designed to function while being worn. Examples include smartwatches (which
typically have integrated Bluetooth antennas), glasses (such as Google Glass which has WIFI and GPS
antennas), GoPro action cameras (which have Wi-Fi & Bluetooth antennas, and are often strapped to a
user to obtain their footage), and even the Nike+ Sensor (which communicates to a smartphone via
Bluetooth, and is placed in a user's shoe). Wearable antennas are becoming increasingly common in
consumer electronics.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 126

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Figure 19.1: Wearable antenna

VII Actual Circuit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.
a. Suggested kit/circuit diagram.

Figure 19.2: Set up to measure signal strength of wearable antenna

b. Actual kit/circuit diagram.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 127

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VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
Bluetooth synchronization, low power
1 accelerometer sensor, operating temp -10°C to
50° C ,system requirement –iOS 9.0 and
Smart Wristband above/Android 5.0 and above. (any other 01
equivalent)
Frequency Range: 125 MHz to 6 GHz with Pre-
2 Signal Analyzer installed Baseband Generator 01
0.1 Hz to 11 MHz, up/down range switchable in eight
3 Signal Generator decade steps 01
4 Antenna testing software CST Studio Suite, ANSYS HFSS OR FEKO 01
Appropriate cables for connecting the scanner to
5 Cables and connectors the computer 01
6 Computer A PC or laptop with the necessary ports 01

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1 Before starting measurements, calibrate the signal generator to ensure the output
power level is accurate and stable.
2 Maintain positioning of the wristwatch antenna during measurements. Use a
mounting stand or fixture to ensure the wristwatch remains stationary.
3 Ensure all cables and connectors between the wristwatch and measurement
equipment are securely connected to minimize signal loss.

X Procedure:
1 Test the wires/cables/Electronic Components used for connections properly. If
they are faulty then keep it in the proper E-waste bin.
2 Connect the wristwatch (or any wearable antenna) to the signal generator via
appropriate cables and connectors.
3 Connect the signal analyzer to receive signals from the wristwatch antenna.
4 Set the signal generator to transmit at the desired frequency (e.g., 2.4 GHz for Bluetooth)
5 Power on the wristwatch and allow it to stabilize for a few minutes
6 Activate the signal generator to transmit a continuous wave signal at the specified
Frequency
7 Use the signal analyzer to measure and record the received signal strength
8 Record the signal strength readings in decibels (dB) or dBm (decibels relative
to 1 mill watt).
9 Take measurements with the wristwatch antenna facing down.
10 Record the measured signal strength.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 128

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XI Required Resources

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.

XII Actual procedure followed

XIII Observation table:

Sr. Test Condition Frequency Measured Signal

No. (MHz) Strength (dBm)
1 Wristwatch (Face Up) 2400
2 Wristwatch (Face Down) 2400

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 129

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XIV Result(s):
……………………………………...................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………….

XV Interpretation of Results:
…………………………………….......................................................................................
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….

XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such questions to
ensure achievement of identified CO.
1. State the different types of wearable antennas.
2. List any four applications of wearable antennas.
3. How does the signal strength vary when the wearable antenna is placed on different
parts of the body (e.g., wrist, arm, chest)?
4. Which materials are used in fabricating wearable antenna?
[ Space for Answers]

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 130

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 131

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/links/Virtual lab Link

1. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8681039
2 . https://images.app.goo.gl/fLWsHetHg2v8u2LR9

XIX Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 132

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Practical No. 20: Display faults in smart wristbands

I Practical Significance:
The experiment can reveal common manufacturing defects in the display, such as dead pixels,
unresponsive touch areas, or inconsistent brightness. Regular testing helps ensure that all units meet the
same quality standards. The experiment can identify how the display performs over time and under
different conditions, such as exposure to moisture, sweat, and physical impacts.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences.
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

 Use various smart appliances.

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

 Display faults in smart wrist bands - a) display not working b) poor brightness

V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)

1. Handle small parts with care
2. Follow safety precautions.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

Smart wristbands, also known as fitness trackers or smart bands, are compact
wearable devices that offer various functionalities such as activity tracking, heart rate
monitoring, notifications, and more. These devices typically include a small display to
provide visual feedback to the user. However, display faults can occur, affecting the user
experience.
Two common display faults are:
1. Display Not Working
2. Poor Brightness
Display faults can occur due to power issues, hardware failures or software issues.
Poor brightness problem occurs mostly due to low battery, hardware or software issues.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 133

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VII Actual Circuit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.
a. Suggested kit/circuit diagram.

Figure 20.1: Smart wristband

b. Actual kit/circuit diagram.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 134

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
Bluetooth synchronization, low power
1 Smart wristband with display accelerometer sensor, vibration motor
fault support, operating temp -10°C to 50° C ,
system requirement –iOS 9.0 and 01
above/Android 5.0 and above. (any other
equivalent)
2 Multi-meter Digital Multi-meter: 31/2 digit display 01
3 Torx screwdrivers or suitable Standard set 01
tool for opening the wristband
4 Cleaning materials Isopropyl alcohol, microfiber cloth 01
5 Cables and connectors Appropriate cables for connecting the 01
scanner to the computer
6 Computer A PC or laptop with the necessary ports 01

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1. Ensure the device is powered off before disassembling.
2. Handle electronic components with care to avoid static discharge.
3. Avoid using excessive force when opening the wrist band to prevent damage.

X Procedure:
Test the wires/cables/Electronic Components used for connections properly. If they are faulty then
keep it in the proper E-waste bin.

A: Display Not Working:

1. Connect the wrist band to the charger using a known good cable and charger. –
Allow it to charge for at least 30 minutes.
2. Attempt to power on the device by pressing and holding the power button. –
If the display does not turn on, proceed to the next steps.
3. Check the display for any visible cracks or signs of moisture.
4. Use the appropriate tools to carefully open the wrist band. –
Inspect the internal connections, particularly the display connector, for any signs of disconnection
or damage.
5. Use a multimeter to check for continuity in the connections.
6. Check the software using reset button.
7. Connect the wrist band to the computer and check for available firmware updates.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 135

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B: Poor Brightness:
1 Increase the brightness level using display settings on the wrist band.
2 Clean the ambient light sensor with isopropyl alcohol and a microfiber cloth. .
3 Test the sensor by covering it and shining an external light source on it to see
if the brightness adjusts accordingly.
4 Examine the display surface for signs of wear or degradation.
5 Clean the display with a microfiber cloth to remove any dirt or residue that might
affect Brightness.

XI Required Resources

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.

XII Actual procedure followed

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 136

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XIII Observation table:

Fault Troubleshoot stages Observation

A: Display Not Working
1 Check Battery Level

2 Inspect for Physical damage

3 Test Connections

4 Software Reset

5 Firmware Update

B: Poor Brightness
1 Adjust Brightness Settings

2 Clean Light Sensor

3 Open the Device

4 Software Reset

5 Firmware Update

XV Interpretation of Results:
…………………………………….........................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………………
XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:
…………………………………….........................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………………

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 137

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such questions
to ensure achievement of identified CO.
1. What specific
ensure model andofbrand
achievement of smart
identified CO.wrist band is used?
2. Which type of faults are common in smart wristbands?
3. State the possible causes that cause poor brightness?
4. State the applications of smart wristband.
[ Space for Answers]
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Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 138

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

1 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8681039
2 https://images.app.goo.gl/mmUVDSmmzYtvSRkz9
3 https://images.app.goo.gl/fLWsHetHg2v8u2LR9

XIX Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 139

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

Practical No. 21: Data back-up from wearable device

I Practical Significance:
By implementing and regularly performing data back-ups, users can ensure the security
and continuity of their wearable device data, enhancing the overall user experience and
reliability of wearable technology.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences.
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

● Use various smart appliances.

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

● Take Back-up of data from wearable device such as wrist band to given drive/ storage
device.

V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)

1. Handle small parts with care

2. Follow safety precautions.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

Wearable devices, such as wristbands, collect and store various types of data, including
health metrics (e.g., heart rate, steps, sleep patterns), notifications, and other personal
information. Ensuring this data is backed up to a secure storage device is critical for data
integrity, security, and continuity.

VII Actual Circuit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.
a. Suggested kit/circuit diagram.

Figure 21.1: Data backup from wrist band to storage device

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b. actual kit/circuit diagram.

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. No. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

1 Smart wristband Bluetooth synchronization, low power
accelerometer sensor, vibration motor support, 01
operating temp - 10°C to 50° C, system
requirement –iOS 9.0 and above/Android 5.0
and above. (any other equivalent)
2 Storage device External hard drive, USB flash drive, or cloud 01
storage service.
3 Data transfer medium USB cable (if using wired connection). 01
Bluetooth or Wi-Fi (for wireless transfer).
4 Computer A PC or laptop with the necessary ports 01

XIX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1. Ensure that the wearable device is fully charged to avoid interruptions during the backup
Process.
2. Verify that there is enough free space on both the wearable device and the target storage
Device.
3. Perform a quick check to ensure the data on the wearable device is complete and not
Corrupted.
4. Utilize trusted software for backing up data from the wearable device.

X Procedure:
1. Test the wires/cables/Electronic Components used for connections properly. If they are
faulty then keep it in the proper E-waste bin.
2. Pair the wearable device with the computer via Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or USB cable.
3. Initiate the data sync process to transfer data from the wearable device to the computer.
4. Connect the storage device to the computer.
5. Check the storage device to ensure data is successfully backed up.

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XI Required Resources

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
1
2
3
4

XII Actual procedure followed

XIII Observation table:

Sr. No. Action Observation

1 Bluetooth application ON/OFF

2 Pair wearable device to computer

3 Sync both devices

4 Check data transfer to storage/

XIV Result(s):
……………………………………..................................................................................
…………………………………………………………………………………………..

XV Interpretation of Results:

…………………………………….................................................................................
…………………………………………………………………………………………

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XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:

XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such questions
to ensure achievement of identified CO.
1. State the types of data back-ups.
2. Which are the different types of storage devices?
3. Why data backup is necessary?
4. Which type of storage device is used in experiment?
[ Space for Answers]

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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1 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8681039
2 https://images.app.goo.gl/fLWsHetHg2v8u2LR9

XIX Assessment Scheme:

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

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Practical No. 22: Connection problems in VR headset

I Practical Significance:
Identifying and resolving connection problems can lead to a more stable and reliable VR
experience, reducing frustration for users. can help minimize latency, which is crucial for
maintaining immersion and preventing motion sickness in VR environments. By solving
connection problems, VR technology can become more appealing to a broader audience. It can
significantly contribute to improving the quality, safety, and user satisfaction of VR technology

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences.
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

● Use various smart appliances.

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

● Test the VR headset problems - a) Bluetooth connectivity b) USB port connection.

V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)

1. Handle the VR headset with care

2. Follow safety precautions.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

VR applications immerse the user in a computer-generated environment that

simulates reality through the use of interactive devices, which send and receive information
and are worn as goggles, headsets, gloves, or bodysuits. he VR headset is one of the most
important wearables for users who want to immerse themselves in digital worlds. It replaces
the natural field of view with a computer-generated field of view. To make that happen, the
wearable integrates infrared LEDs, motion sensors, cameras and screens. They all enable
headset to gather relevant information and provide it for the human eye. VR technology is often
the VR used in the gaming industry, but it has plenty of applications in other sectors. For
example, therapists are now combining VR technology with traditional therapeutic approaches
to treat mental health conditions, such as severe phobias and cases of post- traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD).

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VII Actual Circuit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.

a. Suggested kit/circuit diagram.

Figure 22.1: VR headset

b. Actual kit/circuit diagram used in laboratory

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VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. No. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

1 VR headset Max Resolution 3664×1920 per eye, 01

Screen Type Fast Twitch LCD, Max
Refresh Rate-120Hz, Tracking 6DOF
Inside Out Tracking (wireless). (any
other equivalent) .
2 Computer/Smartphone Laptop, Desktop PC/Android phone 01
with internet
3 VR applications or games Any suitable application to test 01
connectivity in real-use scenarios
4 Bluetooth signal strength free Android application 01
meter

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1. Ensure that there are no other Bluetooth devices operating nearby that could interfere with
the signal.
2. Ensure that both the VR headset and the Bluetooth-enabled devices have sufficient battery
levels.
3. Ensure that the USB cable is securely plugged into both the VR headset and the connecting
device.
4. Ensure that the appropriate drivers for the VR headset are installed

X Procedure:
Test the wires/cables/Electronic Components used for connections properly. If they are faulty
then keep it in the proper E-waste bin.

A) Bluetooth Connectivity Testing:

1 Ensure VR headset and testing devices are fully charged.

2 Set up the VR headset and pair it with the test device using Bluetooth.
3 Place the VR headset at different distances from the Bluetooth source (e.g., 1m, 5m, 10m).
4 Use Bluetooth signal strength meter to measure signal strength .
5 Note the readings by varying the distance.

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B) USB Port Connection Testing:

1 Connect the VR headset to the test device using a USB cable.

2 Connect the VR headset to different USB ports (e.g., USB 2.0, 3.0, 3.1) on the test
Device.
3 Check the connection stabiity for each port.

XI Required Resources

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
1
2
3
4

XII Actual procedure followed

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XIII Observation table:

A) Bluetooth Connectivity Testing

Sr. No. Distance(m) Bluetooth version Signal strength

1 5 5.0
2 10 5.0
3 15 5.0

B) USB Port Connection Testing

Sr. No. USB Cable Length (m) USB Port Type Connection
Stability
1 1 USB 3.0
2 1 USB 2.0

XV Interpretation of Results:
…………………………………….................................................................................

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:

……………………………………..................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………….

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XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such questions to
ensure achievement of identified CO.
1. State any four Bluetooth diagnostic tools.
2. How distance affects the signal strength for file transfer using Bluetooth?
3. State the features of VR headset.
4. Which port shows the highest connection stability?
[ Space for Answers]
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1 https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1196010/FULLTEXT01.pdf
2 https://images.app.goo.gl/NXs5fLsiqNem8hpx9

XIX Assessment Scheme:

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

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Practical No. 23: Performance of VR headset

I Practical Significance:
The practical significance of testing and improving VR headset performance, particularly
regarding connectivity, extends across various domains including user experience, device
reliability, technical understanding, product development, health and safety, specific.
applications, and economic impact. These experiments are essential for advancing VR
technology and ensuring it meets the growing demands of users and applications

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences.
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

● Use various smart appliances.

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

● Use the controllers of VR headset to navigate within the virtual environment.

V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)

1. Handle small parts with care

2. Follow safety precautions.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

VR controller is a handheld device that allows users to interact with the virtual
environment. It acts as an extension of your hand, allowing you to manipulate objects, navigate
menus, and perform various factions within the virtual world. A VR controller typically consists
of buttons, triggers, thumb sticks, and sensors that track your hand movements and translate them
into actions in the virtual world. These controllers are designed to be lightweight and
comfortable, allowing for extended use without causing fatigue or discomfort.
The buttons on a VR controller are often used for basic interactions, such as selecting
objects or navigating menus. Triggers, on the other hand, are usually used for more precise
actions, like shooting a virtual gun or grabbing an object. Thumb sticks provide analog input,
allowing for smooth and precise movement within the virtual environment. In addition to these
input methods, VR controllers often incorporate sensors that track the position and orientation
of the controller in real-time. This tracking technology enables accurate and responsive
interactions, making you feel like you are truly present in the virtual world.

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VII Actual Circuit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.
a. Suggested equipment

Figure 23.1 VR Headset controllers

b. Actual equipment used in laboratory

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VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. No. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

1 VR headset Max Resolution 3664×1920 per eye,

Screen Type Fast Twitch LCD, Max
Refresh Rate-120Hz, Tracking 6DOF 01
Inside Out Tracking (wireless).
(any other equivalent)
2 Controllers Compatible with the chosen headset. 01
3 Virtual environment A pre-designed virtual environment with 01
various navigation challenges (e.g.,
mazes, open spaces, interactive objects).
4 Computer Any suitable desktop PC or laptop 01

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1. Remove any obstacles, tripping hazards, or sharp objects from the surrounding area .
2. Ensure the user is wearing comfortable, non-slip footwear to reduce the risk of slipping.
3. Check and charge the controllers and headset

X Procedure:
1. Test the wires/cables/Electronic Components used for connections properly. If they are
faulty then keep it in the proper E-waste bin.
2. Connect the VR headset and controllers to the computer or console.
3. Open the chosen VR application or game on the computer or console.
4. Test the different controllers available.
5. Note the function of buttons, sensors available on the controller.
XI Required Resources

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
1
2
3
4
5

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XII Actual procedure followed

XIII Observation table:

Sr. No. Controller Name Function

1 Menu button

2 System/home button

3 Primary trigger

4 Secondary trigger

5 Movement thumb stick

6 Directional thumb stick

7 Position and orientation sensor

8 Capacitive Touch Sensors

XV Interpretation of Results:

……………………………………...................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………….

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XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:

………………………………………................................................................................
…………………………………………………………………………………………...

XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such questions
to ensure achievement of identified CO.
1. How many errors (e.g., wrong turns, incorrect interactions) did the
participant make during each task?
2. Did the participant appear engaged and immersed in the virtual
environment?
3. what is the function of haptic feedback?
4. State the types of sensors available on VR headset controller.
5. Which are the various navigation controls?

[ Space for Answers]

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1. https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1196010/FULLTEXT01.pdf
2. https://images.app.goo.gl/NXs5fLsiqNem8hpx9
3. https://youtu.be/C7iJWO7Q_Uk?si=R2hTgzyeJD_wB5BT

XIX Assessment Scheme:

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

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Practical No. 24: Interfacing of Laser Printer

I Practical Significance
Interfacing of laser printers is the process of connecting and communicating with the
printer from a computer or network, enabling users to send print jobs, adjust settings, and
manage print tasks effectively.
II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)
The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences.
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

● Maintain various office automation appliances.
IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)
● Interface Laser Printer to the desktop computer and identify various controls.
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
1. Handle equipment carefully.
2. Follow safety precautions.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.:

Laser printers are an output device which uses an electrostatic digital printing
process to produce high quality graphics and texts. Working of a laser printer can be
described as a three- step process.
1. Receiving data from the host PC
2. Processing the received data into dots
3. Converting dots into permanent image on paper
1. Receiving data from the host PC:
When a user makes a request for printing in an application, the application passes on
the request to the OS, which establishes communication with the hardware services in the PC
that are needed for communicating with the printer. The Interface controller of the formatter PCA
receives input from the PC and as the name indicates, formats it for printing. So, all input ports
on the printer, including parallel, serial, USB, network, and infra-red, plug into the formatter.
2. Processing the received data into dots:
After the printer receives the data from the PC, the controller part of the formatter
processes the data. The data processing can be divided into three steps:
b. Interpreting the received data:
The printer controller CPU begins interpreting or processing the received data
with the help of the firmware stored in the ROM that supports the Page Description
Language (PDL) that the printer uses. The interpretation process starts with examination of
the incoming data to distinguish the control commands from the actual content of the
document.

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c. Formatting the interpreted data:

The formatting process involves the interpretation of the commands that decide
how the data will be placed on the page. The formatting process differs depending on the
processing capabilities of the printer.

d. Rasterizing the formatted page:

In the final stage of processing the data, the controller converts the bit- mapped
page into a pattern of tiny dots that will be created on the print media. This process is called
rasterization. The array of dots is then stored in a page buffer and ready for printing.

3. Converting dots into permanent image on paper :

Inside a Laser printer the image formation process revolves around the Organic
Photoconductive (OPC) drum. The conversion of the raster dots in printer buffer into a
complete image on paper consists of the following steps:
1. Cleaning of the OPC Drum.
2. Conditioning of the OPC Drum.
3. Writing the image onto the OPC Drum using Laser.
4. Developing the image on the OPC Drum with Toner.
5. Transferring the toner image from OPC drum to the paper, and
Fusing the image permanently on the paper.

VII Laser Printer connection diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.
a. Suggested Kit / Connection Diagram:

Figure 24.1. Laser printer connection diagram with Personal Computer.

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b. Actual Circuit diagram/Kit used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. No. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

01 Device to connect (e.g. Computer) PC with Windows 10 01
02 Laser Printer Hp or Canon laser printer 01
03 Printer cable USB 2.0 A/B 01
04 Printer paper A4 size

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1. Ensure printer cable is connected to the printer and computer.
2. Switch on Personal computer and printer after proper connection of power supply.

X Procedure:
1. Test the wires/cables/Electronic Components used for connections properly. If they are
faulty then keep it in the proper E-waste bin.
2. Connect the printer’s cable to the computer. Most printers use a USB connection.
3. Turn on your printer.
4. Open “Devices and Printers”. through the “Control Panel”, or simply search on the
computer via the magnifying glass icon near the Start button.
5. Once inside the Devices and Printers menu, click on “Add a Printer”.
6. The name of the printer should show up from the menu. Select the exact name of the printer,
and click on it.
7. Windows will then automatically handle the installation by processing the appropriate
drivers.
8. Wait for the installation to finish. After completion of installation the “Finish” button will
be activated.
9. Before clicking Finish, do a test print first.
10. To accomplish a printing test, make sure the paper and ink cartridges are ready. Then,
simply click the “Print a test page” button from the installation window.
11. If the print test turns out okay, click that Finish button and installation is done!

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XI Required Resources

Sr. No. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

1
2
3
4

XII Actual procedure followed

..…………………………………………………………………………………………….
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XIII Observation table

Sr. No. Functions to be Instruction appeared on Observations on printer

performed while computer screen
installation process

1. Add printer from

drive

2. Installation of printer

3. Test print

XIV Result(s):
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
XV Interpretation of Results:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:

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XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such questions to
ensure achievement of identified CO.

1 State types of printer.

2 Define resolution and bit depth.
3 State characteristics of printers.
4 State hardware installation of printer.
5 How does a printer sense a paper jam?
[Space for Answers]

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XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/links/Virtual lab Link
1 https://i.ytimg.com/vi/c8DF92JjxJY/maxresdefault.jpg
2 https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-laser-printer-works/

XIX Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

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Practical No. 25: Fault analysis of cartridge related problems of

Laser printer
I Practical Significance
Troubleshooting laser printer issues like toner issue, paper jams, print quality problems,
connectivity issues, or error messages can be resolved by understanding the root causes and
implementing the appropriate troubleshooting steps, laser printers continue to perform
optimally, providing high-quality prints timely.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences.
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.
III Course Level Learning outcome(s)
● Maintain various office automation appliances.
IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)
 Detect and remove the faults in laser printer:-
a) The print quality is not very good.
b) White lines and streaks.
c) cartridge leakage.
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
1. Handle equipment carefully.
2. Follow safety precautions.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

Troubleshooting a laser printer involves identifying and resolving common issues that can
arise during its operation. Here’s a structured approach to troubleshoot laser printers
effectively:
Check Power and Connections
● Power: Ensure the printer is plugged in and turned on. Check power cables and outlets.
● Connections: Verify all cables (USB, Ethernet, power) are securely connected to
the printer and the computer or network.
1. Printer Display and Status Lights
● Status Lights: Interpret the meaning of status lights (e.g., error, ready, low
toner) by referring to the printer's manual or online resources.
2. Print Jobs
● Print Queue: Check the print queue on the computer to see if there are any pending
jobs or errors.
● Cancel Jobs: Clear any stuck print jobs that may be causing issues.
3. Paper Jams
● Locate Jams: Open appropriate panels and trays to find and remove any paper jams.
Follow the printer’s manual for specific instructions on clearing jams

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4. Toner and Cartridge Issues

● Low Toner: Replace toner cartridges if they are low or empty. Follow the printer’s
manual for the correct procedure.
● Cartridge Installation: Ensure cartridges are properly installed and seated.
5. Print Quality Issues
● Blurred or Faded Prints: Check toner levels and replace cartridges if necessary. Clean
the printer’s interior components such as the drum or fuser.
● Smudges or Lines: Clean the printer’s rollers and ensure the paper path is clear of debris.
6. Driver and Software
● Update Drivers: Ensure printer drivers are up to date. Download and install the latest
drivers from the manufacturer’s website if needed.
● Reinstall Software: Reinstall printer software if the printer is not recognized or if there
are software conflicts.
9. Reset and Restart
● Power Cycle: Turn off the printer, wait for a few minutes, then turn it back on. This can
resolve temporary issues.
● Factory Reset: As a last resort, perform a factory reset according to the printer’s manual
to restore default settings.
10. Consult Documentation and Support
● Manuals: Refer to the printer’s manual for specific troubleshooting steps and error code
explanations.
● Manufacturer Support: Contact the manufacturer’s support team or visit their website
for additional troubleshooting guidance or to seek warranty service if the issue persists.

Figure 25.1. Components of Laser printers.

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VII Laser printer trainer kit/ diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.

a. Suggested Kit / Circuit Diagram:

Figure 25.2. Laser printers.

b. Actual Circuit diagram/Kit used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.

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VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. No. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

01 Device to connect (e.g. Computer) PC with Windows 10 01
02 Laser Printer Hp or Canon laser printer 01
03 Additional Printer cartridge Hp or Canon laser printer 02
With variable toner quantity
04 Printer cable USB 2.0 A/B 01
05 Printer paper A4 size

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1 Switch on Personal computer and printer after proper connection of power supply.

X Procedure:
1 Test the wires/cables/Electronic Components used for connections properly. If they
are faulty then keep it in the proper E-waste bin.
2 Connect the printer’s cable to the computer. Most printers use a USB connection.
3 Turn on the computer and printer and select the document for print on the computer.
4 To accomplish a printing test for, make sure the paper and ink cartridges are ready.
Then, open the document which is to be printed as a sample test Print. Click on the
“Print” option from the menu and take a sample printout.
5 If the printed document is correct means your cartridge is good.
6 Change the other two cartridges one by one with low quantity toner and repeat
procedure of point no.3 and check the final printout.

XI Required Resources

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.

XII Actual procedure followed

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XIII Observation table:

Sr. Parameter Indication on printer Instruction on computer

No. screen

1. Prints with Cartridge 1

2. Prints with Cartridge 2

3. Prints with Cartridge 3

4. Cartridge ink empty

5. Paper tray empty

6. Paper Jam

XV Interpretation of Results:

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…………………………………………………………………………………………..

XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:

XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such
questions to ensure achievement of identified CO.
1 List typical symptoms of a faulty laser printer cartridge?
2 What action will you take if the printer displays a "Cartridge Error" message?
3 Explain how to prevent toner spills or leaks when handling a laser printer
cartridge?
4 What are the main causes of cartridge-related faults in laser printers?

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[Space for Answers]

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XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/links/Virtual lab Link

1 https://i.ytimg.com/vi/c8DF92JjxJY/maxresdefault.jpg
2 https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-laser-printer-works/

XIX Assessment Scheme:

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

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Practical No. 26: Performance of Laser Printer

I Practical Significance
Laser printer performance lies in its ability to deliver fast, high-quality prints reliably and
cost-effectively, thereby supporting productivity, efficiency, and operational effectiveness
in various professional and educational settings.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

● Measure the speed of given laser printer.

V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)

1. Handle equipment carefully.

2. Follow safety precautions.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

The performance of laser printer depends on the following parameters which are to be:
considered while selection of the printer

1. Print Speed: Laser printers are known for their fast print speeds, which is crucial in
environments where quick turnaround times are essential. Print speed is measured in pages
per minute (ppm) and varies depending on the printer model and specifications. High-speed
printing reduces waiting times and increases productivity.
2. Print Quality: Laser printers produce high-quality prints characterized by sharp text and
images. The resolution of laser printers is measured in dots per inch (dpi), with higher dpi
values leading to clearer and more detailed prints. This high print quality is advantageous
for professional documents, graphics, and marketing materials.
3. Reliability and Durability: Laser printers are designed for durability and reliability,
making them suitable for high-volume printing environments. They can handle large print
jobs continuously without frequent breakdowns or maintenance issues, ensuring consistent
performance over time.

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4. Paper Handling: Laser printers offer versatile paper handling capabilities, including
support for various paper sizes (e.g., letter, legal, A4), weights, and types (e.g., plain,
recycled, glossy). They often include multiple paper trays and options for duplex (double-
sided) printing, enhancing flexibility and efficiency in printing operations.
5. Connectivity Options: Modern laser printers typically come with various connectivity
options such as USB, Ethernet, and Wi-Fi. This allows users to connect the printer to
multiple devices within a network, facilitating shared printing and enabling mobile printing
from smartphones and tablets.
6. Toner Efficiency: Laser printers use toner cartridges that are more efficient compared to
inkjet printers in terms of cost per page. Toner cartridges have higher page yields and
require less frequent replacement, resulting in lower operating costs over time.
7. Energy Efficiency: Laser printers are generally more energy-efficient than inkjet printers,
particularly in office environments with frequent printing needs. Energy-saving features
such as sleep mode and automatic power-off contribute to reducing electricity consumption
and operational costs.
8. Noise Level: Laser printers tend to operate more quietly than older models, but noise levels
can vary depending on the printer's design and print speed. Quieter operation is beneficial
in shared office spaces or environments where noise reduction is important.
9. User Interface and Ease of Use: The user interface of a laser printer, including its control
panel and software interface, plays a role in user experience. Intuitive controls, clear
menus, and user-friendly software contribute to ease of operation and efficiency in printing
tasks.
10. Security Features: Many laser printers are equipped with advanced security features such
as secure printing, user authentication, and data encryption. These features help protect
sensitive information and prevent unauthorized access to printed documents, making laser
printers suitable for environments with strict security requirements.

Overall, the performance of a laser printer is characterized by its speed, print quality,
reliability, efficiency, connectivity options, and user-friendly features. These factors
collectively determine the printer's effectiveness in meeting the printing needs of businesses,
offices, educational institutions, and other professional environments.

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VII Actual Circuit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.

a. Suggested Kit / Circuit Diagram:

Figure 26.1 Laser printers.

b. Actual diagram/Kit used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.

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VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
01 Device to connect (e.g. Computer) PC with Windows 10 01
02 Laser Printer Hp or Canon laser printer 01
03 Printer cable USB 2.0 A/B 01
04 Printer paper A4 size

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1. Ensure printer cable is connected to the printer and computer.
2. Switch on Personal computer and printer after proper connection of power supply.

X Procedure:
1. Test the wires/cables/Electronic Components used for connections properly. If they are
faulty then keep it in the proper E-waste bin.
2. Connect the printer’s cable to the computer. Most printers use a USB connection.
3. Turn on your printer.
4. Complete installation process of the printer. After completion of installation the “Finish”
button will be activated.
5. Before clicking Finish, do a test print first.
6. To accomplish a printing test, make sure the paper and ink cartridges are ready. Then,
simply click the “Print a test page” button from the installation window.
7. After completion of the sample test Print, open the document from the computer to have
more printouts. Click on the “Print” option from the menu and take more sample printouts.
8. Measure the speed of printout for single page and multiple pages per minute and record the
performance of laser printers.
9. If all the printed documents are correct means your cartridge is good.

XI Required Resources

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.

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XII Actual procedure followed

XIII Observation table:

Sr. Page Quantity of papers to Speed in pages per

No. print minutes (PPM)
1. Single Page (Page 1)
Text Speed
2. Long Print Page
(Pages 2 to 5)
3. Graphics Speed Single Page

XIV Result(s):
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XV Interpretation of Results:
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XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:

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XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such questions
to ensure achievement of identified CO.
1. Define the resolution (dpi) of this laser printer, and how does it affect print quality?
2. Can this laser printer handle high-volume printing, and what is its recommended duty cycle?
3. List paper sizes and types that laser printers support for printing, and does it include duplex
printing capabilities?
4. Do laser printers have expandable options such as additional paper trays or memory upgrades
to accommodate growing printing needs?

[Space for Answers]

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XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/links/Virtual lab Link.

1 https://i.ytimg.com/vi/c8DF92JjxJY/maxresdefault.jpg
2 https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-laser-printer-works/

XIX Assessment Scheme:

Performance Indicators Weightage
Process Related (15 Marks) 60%
01 Identification of different blocks on trainer kit 10%
02 Connection made on kit 20%
03 Observation and Measurement taken 20%
04 Handling of equipment and Working in team 10%
Product Related (10 Marks) 40%
05 Interpretation of Results 15%
06 Conclusions 05%
07 Practical Related Questions 15%
08 Submission of Journal in time 05%
Total (25 Marks) 100 %

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

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Practical No. 27: Interfacing of LED Projector

I Practical Significance:
A projector is a device that allows you to project images onto a screen or another surface using
light. An LED projector is a projector that employs LEDs as its light source instead of
mercury or xenon lamps. Interfacing a LED projector involves connecting the projector to
a device such as a computer, DVD player, or streaming device, and configuring the settings
to ensure proper display.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences.
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

● Maintain various office automation appliances.

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

● Interface and configure LED Projector using various controls

V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)

1. Handle equipment carefully.
2. Follow safety precautions.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

An LED projector is a type of projector that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as its light
source instead of traditional lamps. LED projectors offer several advantages over traditional
projectors, including longer lifespan, lower power consumption, and more vibrant colors.
However, they also have some disadvantages, such as lower brightness levels and higher
initial cost. LED projectors are commonly used in home theaters, classrooms, and business
presentations. It is a modern technology that has revolutionized the way we watch movies,
play games, and give presentations.
LED projectors are advantageous due to their compact size, energy efficiency, and long
lifespan. Unlike lamp-based projectors that transform the white light into colors, LED
projectors directly generate colors by combining LEDs in three colors of light: red, green and
blue. This solution provides a wider color palette that results in both more natural and vivid
colors.

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Figure 27.1. Connection diagram of LED projector with PC

Control front panel Rear panel

1.STANDBY/ON button 1. AUDIO IN1 port 7. CONTROL port

2.INPUT button 2. AUDIO IN2 port 8. VIDEO port
3.MENU button 3. COMPUTER IN1 port 9.S-VIDEO port
It consists of four cursor buttons
4.POWER indicator 4.COMPUTER IN2 port 10.AUDIO IN3 (R, L) ports
5.TEMP indicator 5.MONITOR OUT port 11. AUDIO OUT (R, L) ports

6.LAMP indicator 6.Shutdown switch

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Figure 27.2. LED projector with Ports and controls

VII Actual Circuit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.

a Suggested Kit / Circuit Diagram:

Figure 27.3. LED projector Connection diagram

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a. Actual Circuit diagram/Kit used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. No. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

01 LED Projector Native 1080p Full HD resolution 01
02 Device to connect PC with Windows 10 01
(e.g. Computer)
03 HDMI, VGA, or other compatible cables HDMI 2.1a 01
04 Power source 230V, 50Hz 01

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1. Ensure all cables are securely connected to avoid signal loss or interference.
2. Check the resolution settings on both the source device and the projector to match for the
best image quality.
3. Keep the projector's lens clean for optimal clarity.
4. If you encounter any issues, consult the user manual for troubleshooting tips or seek
assistance from the manufacturer's customer support.

X Procedure:
1. Test the wires/cables/Electronic Components used for connections properly. If they are
faulty then keep it in the proper E-waste bin.
2. Set up the LED projector on a stable surface, preferably facing the screen or wall where
you want to display the image.
3. Plug the power cord into the LED projector and connect it to a power outlet.
4. Connect one end of the appropriate cable (HDMI, VGA) to the output port of the source
device.

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5. Connect the other end of the cable to the corresponding input port on the LED projector.
Most modern projectors support HDMI input.
6. Turn on the LED projector using the power button. Wait for the projector to warm up and
display the startup screen or indicator light
7. Navigate through the options until you find the input source connected to your device (e.g.,
HDMI, VGA).
8. On your source device, play the content you want to display (e.g., a presentation, movie,
or slideshow).
9. Adjust the position of the projector or screen to achieve the desired image size and
alignment. Use the projector's focus ring to sharpen the image until it's clear and crisp.

XI Required Resources

Sr. No. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

1
2
3
4

XII Actual procedure followed

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XIII Observation table:

Sr. No. Section Message displayed as Connections required to perform

1 Video Section No input is detected SYNC
is out of range
Invalid scan Frequency

2 Audio Section No Audio output

3 Control Section Check the air flow

XIV Result(s):
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XV Interpretation of Results:

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XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:
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XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such questions
to ensure achievement of identified CO

1 Define LED projector.

2 What are the different applications of LED projector?
3 What are the common ports available with LED projector?
4 What are the different types of cables required for interfacing the LED projector?
5 List out various features of LED projector.

[Space for Answers]

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XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/links/Virtual lab Link

1. https://youtu.be/d0GViR3exik?si=A0d9prtPRR0TLx8a
2. https://youtu.be/No0I0EJvvGA?si=wXMmEZwvmW9HgXfh
3. https://www.mrright.in/ideas/home-security/cctv/how-to-install-a-cctv-camera- and-dvr-in-6-
simple-steps/#google_vignette
4. https://getsafeandsound.com/blog/cctv-camera-installation-materials-list/

XIX Assessment Scheme

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

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Practical No. 28: Creating new interactive white board pages

I Practical Significance:
A digital whiteboard functions like a traditional whiteboard but is hosted virtually. Digital
whiteboards can integrate with other video conferencing and screen sharing platforms to
make collaboration possible even when everyone is not physically in the same room. A
digital whiteboard offers multiple colors, shapes, and templates to choose from and can be
saved as a shareable file for easy access in the future.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences.
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

 Maintain various office automation appliances.

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

 Create new white board pages using interactive whiteboard simulation software like
Mimio studio, Smart learning suit online.

V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)

1. Handle equipment carefully.

2. Follow safety precautions.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

An interactive online board is a digital platform that allows users to collaborate,
communicate, and create content in real-time. These platforms typically offer a range of
features designed to facilitate interactive and collaborative activities, such as:
Real-Time Collaboration: Users can work together on a shared virtual canvas, where
they can draw, write, add images, and manipulate objects simultaneously, regardless of
their physical location.
Multi-User Support: Interactive online boards enable multiple users to join the same
session or workspace, making them ideal for group projects, brainstorming sessions, or
virtual meetings.
Interactive Tools: They provide a variety of interactive tools and features, such as
drawing tools, text boxes, sticky notes, shapes, and stamps, allowing users to express them
ideas creatively.

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Media Integration: Users can upload and integrate various types of media into the board,
including images, videos, audio files, and documents, to enhance presentations or discussions.
1. Chat and Communication: Interactive online boards often include built-in chat or
messaging features, enabling users to communicate with each other in real-time, share
feedback, or ask questions.
2. Remote Accessibility: Since interactive online boards are web-based, users can access
them from any device with an internet connection, making them convenient for remote
work, online collaboration, or distance learning.
3. Customization Options: Users can customize the appearance and layout of the board
according to their preferences, adjusting settings such as background color, gridlines, and
zoom level.
4. Integration with Other Tools: Many interactive online boards offer integrations with
other productivity tools and platforms, such as Google Drive, Microsoft Office, or project
management software, allowing for seamless workflow integration.

Examples of popular interactive online board platforms include Miro, MURAL, Jamboard,
Microsoft Whiteboard. These platforms are used in various contexts, including education,
business, design, and project management, to facilitate collaboration, ideation, and visual
communication.

VII Actual Circuit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.

a. Online white board diagram for a laboratory experiment.

Figure 28.1. Online white board

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b. Diagram for Actual online white board used in a laboratory. (Students can attach/paste
printout of Online white board)

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
01 Personal Computer PC with Windows 10 01
02 Internet Connection 2 MBPS wifi connection -

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1 Switch on Personal computer after proper connection of power supply.

X Procedure:
1. Test the wires/cables/Electronic Components used for connections properly. If they
are faulty then keep it in the proper E-waste bin.
2. Connect PC to internet and Select an online whiteboard platform in google chrome.
You can select any online white board such as Miro, MURAL, Jamboard, Microsoft
Whiteboard.
3. Sign up for an account on the chosen platform if required, or simply log in if you already
have an account.
4. Once logged in, you will typically have the option to start a new whiteboard session.
Click on "New Board" or a similar option to create a new whiteboard.
5. Some platforms allow you to customize settings such as the background color, gridlines,
or access permissions. Adjust these settings according to your preferences.
6. Depending on the platform, you will have different options for sharing the whiteboard
with others. You may be able to generate a unique link to share, invite specific users via
email, or collaborate with team members who are already part of the platform.

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7. If you're collaborating with others, invite them to join the whiteboard session by sharing
the link or sending invitations via email.
8. Select various tools and features available on the online whiteboard platform such as
drawing tools, text boxes, shapes, sticky notes, media integration, and collaboration
features as per your requirement.
9. Begin collaborating with your team or group by using the tools available on the
whiteboard. You can draw, write, add images, upload documents, and manipulate
objects in real-time.
10. Use built-in communication features such as chat or video conferencing (if available)
to communicate with your collaborators as you work on the whiteboard.
11. Once you've completed your work or reached a stopping point, save your progress.
Many online whiteboard platforms allow you to save your boards either automatically
or manually. You may also have the option to export the board as an image, PDF, or other
file formats for further use or sharing.
12. When you're finished using the online whiteboard, close the session or log out of the
platform if necessary.

XI Required Resources

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
1
2
3
4

XII Actual procedure followed

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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XIII Observation table:

Sr. Function to be used Instruction required to fulfill the given function

1 For New design/document

2 To Write text

3 To Draw circle

4 To Erase data

5 To Draw table

6. To Draw flowchart

XIV Result(s):
……………………………………...........................................................................................
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XV Interpretation of Results:

……………………………………...........................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
XVI Conclusions and Recommendations:
……………………………………...........................................................................................
……………………………………………………………………………………………….

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XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such questions to
ensure achievement of identified CO.
1. What are the benefits of using an online whiteboard compared to a traditional whiteboard?
2. Can multiple users collaborate simultaneously on an online whiteboard? If so, how is this
facilitated?
3. Can the content created on the online whiteboard be saved or exported for future reference?
In what formats can it be saved?
4. Does the online whiteboard platform integrate with other tools or platforms, such as project
management software or video conferencing tools?
[Space for Answers]
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XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/links/Virtual lab Link

1. https://www.canva.com/design/play?type=TAEwJH6TtA8&category=tAEv8Hh5on0
&locale=en
2. https://www.smarttech.com/en/lumio/why-lumio/how-lumio-works
3. http://mimio.hu/en-NA/Products/Interactive-Whiteboards.html

XIX Assessment Scheme:

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

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Practical No. 29: Assess the quality of video conferencing session.

I Practical Significance:
Assessing the quality of a video conferencing session involves considering factors such as
video and audio quality, connection stability, user interface, compatibility, security,
engagement, and technical support. By evaluating these aspects, you can determine the
effectiveness of the video conferencing platform and identify areas for improvement.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

The aim of this practical is to attend the following industry/employer expected outcome
through various teaching learning experiences.
Maintain various consumer electronic appliances/equipment.

III Course Level Learning outcome(s)

● Maintain various office automation appliances.

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

● Test the audio video setting for video conferencing session

V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)

1. Handle equipment carefully.
2. Follow safety precautions.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

Videoconferencing is becoming more popular, developing to advanced forms (such as
telepresence), and being offered by various service providers both as a free or a premium
service. Videoconferencing is being used in a variety of fields ranging from private
consumer applications to more advanced purposes, such as business, education, and
health-care related applications. Despite the rapid advancements of communication
technologies, different factors such as the transmission techniques, hardware, the
information coding systems, and the users’ viewing condition can have high impact on the
perceived quality of the transmitted audiovisual content and the overall communication
quality.
Assessing the quality of a video conferencing session involves evaluating several key
aspects:
1. Connection Stability: A good session should have a stable connection without frequent
interruptions or dropouts. Assess if there were any instances of frozen screens, lagging
audio, or disconnections.
2. Video Quality: Look for clear, sharp video resolution with minimal pixilation or
blurring. Factors such as camera quality, internet bandwidth, and platform capabilities
contribute to video quality.

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3. Audio Clarity: Clear and consistent audio is essential for effective communication.
Evaluate if participants' voices were clear without distortion or background noise
interference.
4. Platform Functionality: Assess the ease of use and reliability of the video conferencing
platform. Consider features such as screen sharing, chat functionality, and participant
management tools.
5. User Experience: Evaluate the overall user experience, including ease of joining the
session, navigation within the interface, and any technical issues encountered.
6. Engagement and Interaction: Consider the level of engagement and interaction among
participants. A good session fosters active participation, collaboration, and effective
communication.
7. Content Sharing: Evaluate the ability to share presentations, documents, or other
multimedia content seamlessly during the session.
8. Security and Privacy: Ensure that the video conferencing platform prioritizes security
measures to protect sensitive information and maintains user privacy.

Figure 29.1: Visual illustration of video conferencing

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VII Circuit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.

a. Suggested Video Conferencing diagram

Figure 29.2: Block diagram of video conferencing room

b. Actual Circuit diagram/Kit used in a laboratory.

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VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. No. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

Desktop or PC with video conferencing platform PC with
such as Zoom, Microsoft Teams, or Google Meet Windows 10
01 01
with camera, microphone and speaker and high
speed internet

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1 Switch on Personal computer after proper connection of power supply.

X Procedure:
1. Test the wires/cables/Electronic Components used for connections properly. If they are
faulty then keep it in the proper E-waste bin.
2. To assess the quality of video conferencing, procedure is divided into three main sessions:
1. Preparation and joining the session.
2. During the session.
3. Post session.
1. Preparation and joining the session.

1. Ensure that all hardware components such as cameras, microphones, speakers, and internet
connectivity are functioning properly.
2. Make sure the video conferencing software (e.g., Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Google Meet)
is updated to the latest version and configured correctly.
3. Create a link through Zoom or google meet for video conferencing and share it to the people
who are going to join the session.
4. Before joining, assess your internet connection speed using tools like Speedtest.net to
ensure it meets the minimum requirements for video conferencing (usually around 1 Mbps
upload/download for standard definition video).
5. Verify that your microphone and camera are working properly before starting the video
conference.
6. Start your video conferencing session.

2. During the session.

1. Evaluate the video resolution and frame rate. Look for clarity, sharpness, and smoothness
of video motion.
2. Assess the clarity and volume of audio. Check for any echo, background noise, or
interruptions. Poor audio quality can significantly impact communication.
3. Note the delay between speaking and hearing others' responses (audio latency) and any
delay in video transmission (video latency). Low latency is crucial for real-time
communication.
4. Evaluate the ease of use and intuitiveness of the video conferencing platform's interface.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 197
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Consider factors like navigating between screens, accessing features like screen sharing or
chat, and managing participants.
5. Test specific features such as screen sharing, recording, virtual backgrounds, and chat
functions to ensure they work as expected without glitches.
6. Gather feedback from participants about their experience during the session. Ask about
audio/video quality, ease of interaction, and any technical issues encountered.
7. Assess how engaged participants are during the session. Factors like attentiveness, active
participation in discussions, and overall communication flow can indicate the effectiveness
of the session.

3. Post session.

1. If the session was recorded, review the recording to assess the quality from an observer's
perspective. Note any issues that may not have been apparent during the live session.
2. Analyze feedback collected from participants to identify recurring issues or areas for
improvement.
3. Document any technical issues encountered during the session, including their impact on
the user experience and potential causes.

XI Required Resources

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
1
2
3
4

XII Actual procedure followed

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XIII Observation table:

1 Internet speed at your laboratory: Mbps
2 Video conferencing Software available at your laboratory:

Sr. Parameters to be observed Observations Actions needs to

No. improve quality
1 Internet speed

2 Quality of video

3 Quality of sound

4 Availability of Screen
sharing during session

5 Availability of Chats
during session

6 Availability of managing
participants during session

7 Recordings of the video

conferencing

XIV Result(s):
………..…………………………………….........................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
XV Interpretation of Results:

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XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design such
questions to ensure achievement of identified CO.
1. State minimum bandwidth requirements for ensuring high-quality video and
audio transmission in a video conferencing session?
2. How does insufficient bandwidth affect video and audio quality?
3. Define latency and jitter in the context of video conferencing.
4. List the factors that contribute to network instability during a video conferencing session?
5. List essential features that should be available in a video conferencing platform to
support diverse user needs (e.g., screen sharing)

[Space for Answers]

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XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/links/Virtual lab Link

1 https://vocal.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Video-Conferencing-Device.png
2 https://in.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images
3 https://youtu.be/GEvnanpHx5g?si=6arhmT0FnMGxi1XZ

XIX Assessment Scheme:

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 201

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Practical No. 30: Determination of speed and capacity of shredding machine.

I Practical Significance:
A paper shredding machine is a mechanical device designed to destroy paper documents
into smaller pieces, primarily for the purpose of maintaining confidentiality, data security,
and preventing identity theft. Determining the speed and capacity of a shredding machine
is essential for optimizing operational efficiency, productivity, resource planning, cost
management, output quality, environmental impact, and ensuring safety and maintenance
compliance. These factors collectively contribute to the effective utilization of shredding
technology across various industries and applications.

II Industry / Employer Expected outcome(s)

IV Laboratory Learning outcome(s)

 Determine the shredding capacity and speed of a paper shredding machine.
V Relevant Affective Domain related outcome(s)
1. Handle equipment carefully.
2. Follow safety precautions.

VI Relevant Theoretical Background.

Paper shredding machines play a crucial role in maintaining information security and
privacy in various settings, from homes and offices to large organizations and document
destruction services. Understanding their components, types, and operational
considerations helps users choose the right shredder for their specific needs while ensuring
efficient and secure document destruction
Components of a Paper Shredding Machine:
1. Feed Slot: This is where documents are inserted into the shredder for destruction. It
may include features like auto-feed for convenience.
2. Cutting Mechanism: The cutting mechanism varies based on the type of shredder:
■ Strip-cut: Cuts documents into long strips.
■ Cross-cut: Cuts documents into small particles, enhancing
security compared to strip-cut.
■ Micro-cut: Shreds documents into tiny pieces, providing the highest
level of security.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 202

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Blades or cutting elements are typically made from hardened steel to effectively cut
through paper.
3. Motor and Drive System: Powers the cutting mechanism to shred paper efficiently. It
needs to be robust enough to handle continuous shredding and prevent overheating.
4. Waste Bin: Collects shredded paper particles. The size of the waste bin varies depending
on the shredder's capacity and intended use (home, office, industrial).
5. Safety Features: Include sensors that detect paper jams or overheating, automatically
shutting down the shredder to prevent damage.
6. Control Panel: Contains buttons or switches for powering the shredder on/off, reversing
the shredding direction to clear jams, and sometimes selecting different shred sizes.
7. Overload Protection: Prevents the motor from overheating due to excessive use or
attempting to shred beyond its capacity.

Types of Paper Shredders:

● Personal Shredders: Designed for light use in homes or small offices, typically strip-cut
or cross-cut.
● Office Shredders: Higher capacity than personal shredders, often cross-cut or micro-cut,
suitable for medium to heavy use in offices.
● Industrial Shredders: Heavy-duty machines capable of shredding large volumes of paper
continuously, often used in large offices or document destruction services.

VII Circuit diagram used in a laboratory with related equipment rating.

a. Suggested Circuit diagram/Kit

Figure 30.1: Shredder machine diagram

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 203

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

b. Actual Circuit diagram/Kit used in a laboratory.

VIII Required Resources/apparatus/equipment with specifications:

Sr. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

No.
01 Paper shredding machine Any suitable shredder machine 01
02 Sample Papers for shredding Rough papers for shredding 10

IX Precautions to be followed (Safety instructions / Rules / Standards)

1. Do not switch on the power supply unless you have checked the supply connection.

X Procedure:
1. Test the wires/cables/Electronic Components used for connections properly. If they are
faulty then keep it in the proper E-waste bin.
2. Switch on the machine and select shredder mode.
3. Insert sample papers to be shredded in the machine
4. Measure time required to cut single paper.
5. Count the number of papers that can be shredded at a time in the machine.

XI Required Resources

Sr. No. Instruments/Components Specifications Quantity

1
2
3
4

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 204

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XII Actual procedure followed

XIII Observation table:

Sr. No. Parameter Observations

1 Count of Total number of papers that can
be inserted at a time in the
in machine.
2 Time required to cut single paper in Seconds

IV Result(s):
……………………………………...................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………………………….
XV Interpretation of Results:

……………………………………...................................................................................
…………………………………………………………………………………………
XVI. Conclusions and Recommendations:

……………………………………................................................................................
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

XVII Practical Related Questions:

Note: Below given are few sample questions. Teachers must design
such questions to ensure achievement of identified CO.
1 List the types of materials that can be used in a shredder machine for shredding?
2 Which type of cut does the shredder produce at your laboratory? (strip-cut, cross-cut,
micro-cut)?
3 Does the shredder have anti-jamming features?
4 Write application of shredder machine.

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 205

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[Space for Answers]

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 206

Consumer Electronic Systems (314327)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
XVIII References/Suggestions for further reading: include websites/links/Virtual lab Link
1. Ankit, B. R, Vinayak.D.W and Bhushan. G.P., “ Design and Fabrication of Paper
Shredder.
2. https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1098/8162/articles/shredder_machine_1024x1024.jp
eg?v=1512407737

XIX Assessment Scheme:

Performance Indicators Weightage

Marks Obtained
Dated Signature
Process Related (15) Product Related (10) Total (25) of Teacher

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (‘K’ Scheme) 207

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