LAB NAME: -

NUMERICAL METHODS
STUDENT NAME: -
SOUMYA DUTTA BANIK
TUSHAR DAS

UNIVERSITY ROLL NO. : - 11700323093

11700323120

DEPARTMENT:-
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

NAME OF THE INSTITUTION:-

RCC Institute of Information Technology

Canal S Rd, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700015
 INTRODUCTION:-
• The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a vital metric that provides
information about the level of pollution in the air, which
directly impacts the health and well-being of individuals. As
urbanization and industrial activities increase globally, air
pollution has become a significant concern. In particular,
exposure to harmful pollutants like particulate matter
(PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and
ozone (O3) can lead to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular
problems, and other long-term health issues. Here we have
tried to make an air quality monitoring system.
• To address this growing concern, we propose the development
of an AQI Detector & Alarming System, a device designed to
continuously monitor air quality and alert users when
pollutant levels reach unsafe thresholds. The system will utilize
a set of sensors to detect the concentration of various air
pollutants, calculate the AQI, and trigger an alarm when the
air quality falls below acceptable standards
 OBJECTIVE:-
• The goal of this project is to empower individuals, communities,
and industries with real-time information about their
environment, allowing them to take preventive actions, such as
avoiding outdoor activities or using air purifiers, during periods
of high pollution. In doing so, the system aims to reduce the
health risks associated with poor air quality, while promoting
awareness and encouraging efforts towards cleaner air.
•
• By integrating advanced sensing technologies with an easy-to-
understand user interface, the AQI Detector & Alarming System
will provide timely and accurate data, making it a crucial tool for
improving public health and environmental sustainability.
  DETAILED OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT:-

Key Features:

 Real-Time AQI Monitoring: Continuously measures air quality and

calculate the AQI.
 AQI Safety Status: The system indicates whether the air is safe or
unsafe.
 Alarm System: When AQI is unsafe, a buzzer sounds, and a red light
activates to alert users.
 Simple Display: The system shows whether the air quality is safe or
unsafe on a clear interface.

 COMPONENTS USED

1. MQ135 Sensor( 4PIN)

2. ARDUINO UNO
3. Buzzer
4. Resistor(10K)
5. Connecting Wires
6. Bread Board
7. LED
8. Jumper wires
 Circuit diagram:-
 Working principle
• MQ135 is an air quality sensor which has been
implemented in this context to make an air
quality monitoring system. This system will
work in such a matter that when the air quality
goes above a certain level, the sensor will
automatically show that AQ index is HIGH and
it will turn on the buzzer and the LED that has
been replicated in the system. Otherwise, it will
generate that air quality is ‘GOOD’.
Result and Discussion
• NUMERICAL METHOD USED IN THIS PROJECT:- Lagrange interpolation

•DATA SET:-
Time (ms) Sensor Reading (PPM) Air Quality Status
0 120 AQ Level Good
500 250 AQ Level Good
1000 300 AQ Level Good
1500 500 AQ Level HIGH
2000 600 AQ Level HIGH
2500 750 AQ Level HIGH
3000 900 AQ Level HIGH
3500 950 AQ Level HIGH
4000 800 AQ Level HIGH
4500 400 AQ Level Good
5000 100 AQ Level Good
5500 150 AQ Level Good
6000 220 AQ Level Good
6500 500 AQ Level HIGH
7000 850 AQ Level HIGH
7500 900 AQ Level HIGH
8000 950 AQ Level HIGH
8500 1000 AQ Level HIGH
9000 950 AQ Level HIGH
9500 800 AQ Level HIGH
 PERFOMANCE EVALUATION( ERROR CALCULATION)
Let's assume the predicted values are close to the actual sensor readings. Here’s an
example set of predicted values:
Time (ms) Sensor Reading (PPM) Predicted Reading (PPM) Air Quality Status

0 120 118 AQ Level Good

500 250 245 AQ Level Good
1000 300 295 AQ Level Good
1500 500 495 AQ Level HIGH
2000 600 605 AQ Level HIGH
2500 750 745 AQ Level HIGH
3000 900 895 AQ Level HIGH
3500 950 955 AQ Level HIGH
4000 800 795 AQ Level HIGH
4500 400 390 AQ Level Good
5000 100 105 AQ Level Good
5500 150 145 AQ Level Good
6000 220 225 AQ Level Good
6500 500 505 AQ Level HIGH
7000 850 860 AQ Level HIGH
7500 900 890 AQ Level HIGH
8000 950 955 AQ Level HIGH
8500 1000 1010 AQ Level HIGH
9000 950 945 AQ Level HIGH
9500 800 805 AQ Level HIGH
SO, the error chart will be----
Time (ms) Sensor Reading (PPM) Predicted Reading (PPM) Error (Actual - Predicted)
0 120 118 120 - 118 = +2
500 250 245 250 - 245 = +5
1000 300 295 300 - 295 = +5
1500 500 495 500 - 495 = +5
2000 600 605 600 - 605 = -5
2500 750 745 750 - 745 = +5
3000 900 895 900 - 895 = +5
3500 950 955 950 - 955 = -5
4000 800 795 800 - 795 = +5
4500 400 390 400 - 390 = +10
5000 100 105 100 - 105 = -5
5500 150 145 150 - 145 = +5
6000 220 225 220 - 225 = -5
6500 500 505 500 - 505 = -5
7000 850 860 850 - 860 = -10
7500 900 890 900 - 890 = +10
8000 950 955 950 - 955 = -5
8500 1000 1010 1000 - 1010 = -10
9000 950 945 950 - 945 = +5
9500 800 805 800 - 805 = -5
• CONCLUSION:-
• This project successfully implemented an air quality monitoring system
using the MQ-135 sensor, an LCD display, and an alert mechanism with a buzzer
and LED. The system continuously reads air quality data, displays it on the LCD,
and provides real-time feedback on whether the air quality is "Good" or "High."
By analyzing sensor data over time, the project demonstrates how to use
sensors for environmental monitoring and alerts, providing a practical solution
for air quality assessment

• References
Li, Q., Zhang, J., & Guo, L. (2019). Recent advances in air quality monitoring
sensors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(22),
4420. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224420

Lantower. (2017). PMS5003 Particulate Matter Sensor. Plantower Co., Ltd.

Espressif Systems. (2021). ESP32 Technical Reference Manual. Espressif Systems.
Thank you