Q22.

10 A small coil of wire is situated in a non-uniform magnetic field, as shown in Fig. 10.1.

coil,
constant

aib
40 turns non-uniform
velocity magnetic
field
P

uh
x

Fig. 10.1

The coil consists of 40 turns of wire and moves with a constant speed in a straight line.

dZ
The coil has displacement x from a fixed point P.

The variation with x of the magnetic flux Φ in the coil is shown in Fig. 10.2.

7
/ 10–6 Wb
ma
6

4
am

2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x / cm
uh

Fig. 10.2

(a) The coil is moved at constant speed between point P and the point where x = 3.0 cm.

(i) Calculate the change in magnetic flux linkage of the coil.

M

change in flux linkage = .................................................... Wb [1]

46 of 136. 9702/42/F/M/16
 (ii) The e.m.f. induced in the coil is 5.0 × 10–4 V. Determine the speed of the coil.

aib
uh
speed = ................................................. m s–1 [2]

(b) On Fig. 10.3, sketch the variation with x of the e.m.f. E induced in the coil for values of x from
x = 0 to x = 6.0 cm.

dZ
E

0
ma
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x / cm
am

Fig. 10.3
[2]

[Total: 5]
uh
M

47 of 136. 9702/42/F/M/16 [Turn over

 Q31.
6 (a) Define magnetic flux density.

..........................................................................................................................................

aib
..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

uh
(b) A flat coil consists of N turns of wire and has area A. The coil is placed so that its plane
is at an angle θ to a uniform magnetic field of flux density B, as shown in Fig. 6.1.

flat coil area A

dZ
magnetic field
flux density B
ma
θ
am

Fig. 6.1

Using the symbols A, B, N and θ and making reference to the magnetic flux in the coil,
derive an expression for the magnetic flux linkage through the coil.
uh

[2]
M

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 (c) (i) State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.

...................................................................................................................................

aib
...................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) The magnetic flux density B in the coil is now made to vary with time t as shown in
Fig. 6.2.

uh
B

0
0 T

dZ 2T 3T t
ma
Fig. 6.2

E
am

0
0
uh

T 2T 3T t

Fig. 6.3
M

On Fig. 6.3, sketch the variation with time t of the e.m.f. E induced in the coil. [3]

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 Q32.
5 A metal disc is swinging freely between the poles of an electromagnet, as shown in Fig. 5.1.

aib
uh
metal disc

pole-piece of
electromagnet

dZ Fig. 5.1
ma
When the electromagnet is switched on, the disc comes to rest after a few oscillations.

(a) (i) State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction and use the law to explain why an
e.m.f. is induced in the disc.

...................................................................................................................................
am

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]
uh

(ii) Explain why eddy currents are induced in the metal disc.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
M

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Use energy principles to explain why the disc comes to rest after a few oscillations.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

69 of 136. 9702/04/O/N/06 [Turn over

 Q33.
6 (a) A straight conductor carrying a current I is at an angle θ to a uniform magnetic field of
flux density B, as shown in Fig. 6.1.

aib
magnetic field,
flux density B

θ θ θ θ current I

uh
Fig. 6.1

The conductor and the magnetic field are both in the plane of the paper. State

dZ
(i) an expression for the force per unit length acting on the conductor due to the
magnetic field,

force per unit length =............................................................................................[1]

(ii) the direction of the force on the conductor.

ma
..............................................................................................................................[1]
am
uh
M

70 of 136. 9702/04/O/N/07
 (b) A coil of wire consisting of two loops is suspended from a fixed point as shown in
Fig. 6.2.

aib
0.75 cm

uh
9.4 cm

Fig. 6.2

dZ
Each loop of wire has diameter 9.4 cm and the separation of the loops is 0.75 cm.
The coil is connected into a circuit such that the lower end of the coil is free to move.

(i) Explain why, when a current is switched on in the coil, the separation of the loops of
the coil decreases.

..................................................................................................................................
ma
..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
am

..............................................................................................................................[4]

(ii) Each loop of the coil may be considered as being a long straight wire.
In SI units, the magnetic flux density B at a distance x from a long straight wire
carrying a current I is given by the expression
I
B = 2.0 × 10–7
uh

.
x
When the current in the coil is switched on, a mass of 0.26 g is hung from the free
end of the coil in order to return the loops of the coil to their original separation.
Calculate the current in the coil.
M

current = ...............................................A [4]

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Q51.
6 Suggest an explanation for each of the following observations.

(a) Two wires are laid side-by-side and carry equal currents I in opposite directions, as shown in

aib
Fig. 6.1.

Fig. 6.1

uh
The total magnetic flux density due to the current in the wires is negligible.

...................................................................................................................................................

dZ
...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
ma
(b) An air-cored solenoid is connected in series with a battery, as shown in Fig. 6.2.

solenoid
iron core
am

Fig. 6.2
uh

As an iron core is inserted into the solenoid, an e.m.f. that opposes the e.m.f. of the battery is
induced in the solenoid.

...................................................................................................................................................
M

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [4]

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Q54.
9 A stiff wire is held horizontally between the poles of a magnet, as illustrated in Fig. 9.1.

aib
S

uh
stiff
wire

dZ Fig. 9.1
ma
When a constant current of 6.0 A is passed through the wire, there is an additional downwards
force on the magnet of 0.080 N.

(a) On Fig. 9.1, draw an arrow on the wire to show the direction of the current in the wire.
Explain your answer.

...................................................................................................................................................
am

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[3]
uh

(b) The constant current of 6.0 A is now replaced by a low-frequency sinusoidal current.
The root-mean-square (r.m.s.) value of this current is 2.5 A.

Calculate the difference between the maximum and the minimum forces now acting on the
magnet.
M

difference = ...................................................... N [4]

[Total: 7]
103 of 136. 9702/42/O/N/16