Volume 10, Issue 4, April – 2025 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25apr2048

UML Modeling and Full-Stack Implementation of

a Teleconsultation Platform with Real-Time
Management of Patients and Medical Procedures
Heriniaina Mamitina Rabearison1; Fanjanirina Razafison2;
Nomena Razafimanjato3; Manohinaina Zafintsalama4;
Fany Randriantiana5; Harlin Andriatsihoarana6
1
Doctoral School of Science and Technology of Engineering and Innovation – Electrical Engineering -
University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
2
Higher Institute of Technology of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
3
Faculty of Medicine, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
4
Equipment and Maintenance Service, Ministry of Public Health, Antananarivo, Madagascar
5,6
Higher Polytechnic School of Antananarivo - University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar

Publication Date: 2025/05/12

Abstract: In response to the rapid expansion of telemedicine services, this paper presents the design and implementation of
a teleconsultation platform based on systematic UML modeling and a full-stack architecture. The design process includes
the definition of functional requirements through use case diagrams, the structuring of business entities via class diagrams,
and the orchestration of dynamic interactions using sequence diagrams. The developed infrastructure is supported by a
relational database optimized for managing user profiles, teleconsultation sessions, and medical prescriptions. The back-
end is designed to ensure data persistence and secure request processing, while the front-end, built around a reactive
architecture, enables real-time visualization of biomedical parameters. The platform also handles authentication
management and medical transactions, with automated generation of digital prescriptions. The results demonstrate the
system's robustness, scalability, and compliance with the requirements of modern digital healthcare environments.

Keywords: UML Modeling, Full-Stack Development, Patient Management, Real-Time Visualization, Medical Database.

How to Cite: Heriniaina Mamitina Rabearison; Fanjanirina Razafison; Nomena Razafimanjato; Manohinaina Zafintsalama; Fany
Randriantiana; Harlin Andriatsihoarana. (2025). UML Modeling and Full-Stack Implementation of a Teleconsultation
Platform with Real-Time Management of Patients and Medical Procedures. International Journal of Innovative
Science and Research Technology, 10(4), 3236-3248. https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25apr2048.

I. INTRODUCTION Simultaneously, the full-stack architecture—combining both

front-end and back-end development—offers an integrated
Telemedicine, which has seen significant growth since approach to building robust and scalable solutions that meet
the global health crisis, has emerged as a viable alternative to the evolving needs of the healthcare sector [7]. The
enhance healthcare accessibility and alleviate the burden on integration of features such as user management,
traditional healthcare facilities [1]. With the rise of digital teleconsultation conduct, real-time medical data
technologies and connected health, developing visualization, and secure generation of electronic
teleconsultation platforms with integrated real-time services prescriptions are now essential components of a
has become a critical challenge [2], [3]. These platforms must comprehensive solution [8].
not only meet high standards for data security, ease of use,
and interoperability but also incorporate rigorous modeling This paper proposes the design and implementation of
tools to ensure their reliability [4], [5]. an interactive teleconsultation platform, based on rigorous
UML modeling and a full-stack architecture, aiming to
In this context, the use of UML (Unified Modeling deliver an optimal user experience, enhanced security, and
Language) for modeling functional requirements and scalability in line with current digital health standards.
business processes has become a standardized practice for
effectively structuring software development [5], [6].

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II. METHODS interface, promoting a smooth and intuitive user
experience [10].
A. Development Approach  Back-end: Built with robust frameworks (Django),
The design of the teleconsultation platform followed an enabling secure management of authentications, medical
incremental and iterative methodology inspired by Agile data flows, and teleconsultation processes.
development practices [9]. This approach enabled the  Database: A relational database (PostgreSQL) was used
progressive evolution of the system, continuously integrating to store user profiles, teleconsultation histories, and
functional requirements and feedback from anticipated digital prescriptions, following normalization principles
platform usage. The development process was structured into to ensure data integrity [11].
three main phases: modeling, implementation, and functional
validation. Communication between the different system layers
was secured using the HTTPS protocol. For real-time
B. UML Modeling biomedical data visualization, WebSocket technology was
The design phase was based on rigorous UML integrated, as recommended by modern connected health
modeling, following the best practices recommended by architectures [12].
Rumbaugh et al. [6]. Three main types of diagrams were
developed: D. Security and Confidentiality
Data security was considered from the early stages of
 Use Case Diagrams: To identify system actors (patients, design, following HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and
doctors, administrators) and specify the main Accountability Act) standards for sensitive data encryption
functionalities (account creation, authentication, and access management [4]. Strong authentication techniques
teleconsultation, prescription generation)[5]. (using hashed passwords and JWT tokens) were implemented
 Class Diagrams: To model business entities, their to protect access to critical resources.
attributes, and their relationships, ensuring database
consistency[5]. E. Functional Validation
 Sequence Diagrams: To dynamically describe Platform validation was conducted through test
interactions between users and the system, especially scenarios covering all use cases. Each critical functionality—
during teleconsultation sessions and the issuance of including account creation, teleconsultation, real-time data
digital prescriptions[5]. visualization, and prescription generation—was individually
tested and assessed through complete workflows to ensure
C. Technical Architecture and Full-Stack Implementation functional compliance and system stability.
The technical implementation was carried out following
a full-stack architecture, comprising: F. Summary Table of Technologies Used
The following table summarizes the technologies
 Front-end: Developed using modern technologies employed within the platform as described.
(React.js) to provide an ergonomic and responsive user

Table 1: Summary Table of Technologies Used

Component Technologies Used Role
Front-end React.js Responsive and intuitive user interface
Back-end Django Management of authentication, medical data, and
teleconsultation services
Database PostgreSQL Storage of user profiles, consultations, and prescriptions
Network HTTPS Securing exchanges between client and server
Communication
Real-Time WebSockets Real-time transmission of biomedical data
Communication
Authentication JWT (JSON Web Token), hashed password Secure access to functionalities
Security & Compliance HIPAA Standards Protection of sensitive data
UML Modeling Use case, class, and sequence diagrams Structured system design
(standard UML)

III. RESULTS  Use Case Diagrams

These diagrams identified the main functionalities
A. Conceptual Modeling accessible to users (patients, practitioners, administrators),
The initial phase of development resulted in a rigorous such as account creation, authentication, teleconsultation, and
modeling of the system through the UML formalism, record management.
enabling a clear structuring of requirements and interactions
among system components. Three main types of diagrams
were produced:

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Fig 1: Use Case Diagrams

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 Class Diagrams
They represented the core entities of the platform (User, Patient, Practitioner, Consultation, Prescription) along with their
relationships.

Fig 2: Class Diagrams

 Sequence Diagrams
These diagrams illustrated the sequences of interactions between system components for key scenarios, including:

 Account Creation

Fig 3: Sequence Diagrams: Account Creation

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 Authentication

Fig 4: Sequence Diagrams: Authentication

 Telemedicine Act

Fig 5: Sequence Diagrams : Telemedecine Act

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This conceptual modeling provided a solid foundation Communication between actors is facilitated by the
for the subsequent technical implementation. integration of a video call functionality, promoting medical
assistance and collaborative expertise. Access rights (read,
B. User Interface Rendering write, modify) are defined according to the role assigned to
each user, ensuring data confidentiality and restricting access
 Stakeholders and Patient Management Platform to only necessary information. Only the administrator holds
The developed platform ensures centralized extended privileges, allowing full access to all features and
management of all information related to the stakeholders application settings.
involved in the teleconsultation system. It allows easy access
to healthcare professionals' data, categorized by Upon opening, the platform requires user authentication
specialization and site of practice. Similarly, patients can be via a username and password. Access is granted only if the
quickly retrieved based on their name, geographic area, or entered credentials match the database records, thereby
required medical specialty. ensuring secure access management.

Fig 6: Login Form

 For New Users, A Registration Interface is Available,  Email address

Requiring the Following Information:  Password and confirmation
 Specialization
 Profile picture  Site of practice
 Username  Gender
 Last name  Assigned role
 First name

Fig 7: Registration Form

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Once registered, the account is created with an inactive In case of forgotten passwords, a reset mechanism is
status pending administrative approval. The email address available: the user submits a request via their recovery email
serves as the primary login credential. and receives a system-generated temporary password.

Fig 8: Password Reset Form

After successful authentication, the user is redirected to platform overview, personal account information, and a
the home page, which displays a welcome message, a brief navigation menu for accessing different functionalities.

Fig 9: Home Page

The "Specialization" menu presents the list of available but only administrators can add, modify, or delete
medical specializations. This section is accessible to all users, specializations.

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Fig 10: Specialization Section

Through the "Patient" menu, healthcare professionals identification. Options are also available to add or update
can view and manage patient records. Each patient is information, generate medical prescriptions, and export them
associated with a unique identifier in the form of an as PDF files.
automatically generated QR code, facilitating rapid

Fig 11: Patient Section

The "Stakeholders" menu gathers the directory of administrators. These stakeholders can initiate video calls for
practitioners: requesting personnel, referred physicians, and conducting teleconsultations or expertise exchanges.

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Fig 12: Stakeholder Section

Only the administrator can block, unblock, modify, or delete accounts other than their own.

Fig 13: Administrator Interface

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 Real-Time Data Visualization
Prior to any teleconsultation, the requesting stakeholder inputs the patient's information and selects a physician according to
the required specialization.

Fig 14: Patient Information Overview

The next step involves connecting biomedical sensors to data such as electrocardiogram (ECG), auscultation, body
the patient, allowing real-time visualization of their temperature, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation (SpO₂), and
physiological parameters. The dedicated interface displays blood pressure.

 Real-Time Vital Signs Visualization Interface

Fig 15: Real-Time Vital Signs Visualization Interface

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 Medical Prescription observations, and prescribed medications. An embedded QR
At the end of the teleconsultation, the attending code encodes the prescribed medication list and associated
physician can issue a digital prescription. This document recommendations, contributing to treatment traceability and
includes patient and prescriber information, clinical combating self-medication and illegal drug purchasing.

Fig 16: Model of a Medical Prescription

 Main Functionalities Achieved made possible, offering practitioners instant patient

The developed platform successfully met all the monitoring during consultations.
functional objectives defined during the design phase:  Digital prescription issuance: Upon completing a
teleconsultation, the practitioner can generate and send a
 Account creation and secure authentication: Users can digitally signed prescription to the patient via the
create accounts and authenticate securely (passwords platform.
hashed with Bcrypt, JWT tokens for session
management).  Compliance with Security Requirements
 Patient and practitioner management: Each The application complies with the specified security
stakeholder has a personal space tailored to their role standards, including:
(medical profile for patients, dashboard for practitioners).
 Interactive teleconsultation: A real-time teleconsultation  Encryption of communications via HTTPS.
module was implemented, enabling the exchange of  Protection of access through strong authentication
medical information and direct transmission of mechanisms.
biomedical parameters.  Secure storage of sensitive data without retaining
 Real-time data visualization: Through the use of plaintext passwords.
WebSockets, dynamic updates of biomedical data were
 Implemented Functionalities At this stage, several major functional modules have
been implemented and tested:

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Table 2: Implemented Functionalities
Functionality Status Description
Account creation Functional Registration via form with validation and database recording
Secure authentication Functional Login with email/password, JWT tokens for session management
Teleconsultation In testing Patient-practitioner communication module supporting data exchange
Real-time data visualization Partially Display of biomedical data received via WebSockets
functional
Patient and practitioner management Functional Interface for tracking, modifying, and archiving profiles
Digital prescription generation Functional Automatic generation of digital prescriptions after consultation

IV. DISCUSSION  Real-time visualization of medical data, often absent in

existing academic solutions;
A. Critical Analysis of the Developed System  Automatic generation of digital prescriptions, a key
The proposed platform meets a set of essential function to streamline medical workflows.
functional requirements for any modern teleconsultation
solution: user management, security, interactivity, and digital
prescription generation. Thanks to rigorous UML modeling,
the development process was based on a clear conceptual
foundation, fostering coherent, modular, and extensible
implementation. The use of a full-stack architecture also
ensures a proper separation of concerns among the front-end, C. Specific Contributions of the Proposed Approach
back-end, and database layers, which is recognized as a best
practice in the design of critical systems [6].  The Main Contributions of our Approach are:

However, despite its strengths, the current solution  A clear and structured UML-based modeling,
presents some limitations. Scalability has not yet been tested facilitating collaboration between developers, designers,
under large-scale production environments. Moreover, and healthcare professionals;
although security measures such as HTTPS, JWT, and  A reactive and modular technical architecture, making
password encryption have been implemented, a thorough the system scalable to accommodate new features (e.g.,
compliance analysis with healthcare data protection standards tele-expertise module, integration of biomedical
(e.g., GDPR, HIPAA) remains to be conducted. Lastly, sensors);
interoperability with third-party systems (EHRs, hospital  A smooth user experience, designed from the early
software) requires the implementation of standards such as stages to consider real-world constraints and
HL7 or FHIR [13], [14]. expectations of both patients and practitioners;
 A foundation for future integration of medical artificial
B. Comparison with Existing Platforms intelligence, through the analysis of collected data (e.g.,
Many teleconsultation platforms have emerged in recent for suggesting diagnoses or personalized treatments).
years, particularly in the post-COVID-19 context. The
Doctolib solution (Europe), for instance, relies primarily on a V. CONCLUSION
user-centered approach with limited transparency regarding
conceptual modeling or software modularity. More academic This work led to the design and development of an
works, such as those of Fezzani & Hamadi [15], have interactive medical teleconsultation platform based on
explored the development of a teleconsultation application rigorous UML modeling and a modern full-stack architecture.
through UML modeling, yet without deep integration of real- The adopted approach ensured strong consistency between
time functionalities or dynamic prescription management. functional specifications and technical implementation,
resulting in a stable, ergonomic system adapted to current e-
More recently, Plazas Pemberthy proposed a UML health needs. The platform supports patient and practitioner
profile for IoT-based healthcare systems [16], although this management, real-time data visualization, and the secure
work remains focused on the sensor/network aspects. In generation of digital prescriptions.
another study, Ait Saadi et al. introduced a self-adaptive
medical platform based on ontologies [17], which is highly  Future Directions for Development Include:
powerful but requires a complex infrastructure.
 Interoperability: Integrating HL7 and FHIR standards to
 Compared to these approaches, the platform presented in allow connection with third-party systems (EHRs,
this article stands out through: hospitals, laboratory information systems).
 Mobility: Developing a native or hybrid mobile
 A complete integration of UML models (use cases, class application to improve user access in low-connectivity
diagrams, sequence diagrams) directly translated into
contexts.
software functionalities;
 The use of modern full-stack technologies ensuring
system fluidity and maintainability;

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ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25apr2048
 Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating modules for [11]. R. Elmasri et S. B. Navathe, Fundamentals of
automatic health data analysis to assist with diagnosis or Database Systems, 7e éd. Pearson, 2022.
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