SQL Programming Paper with Answers
(Basic to Intermediate)
Section A: Basics & DDL/DML (10 Marks)
Q1. What is the difference between DELETE, TRUNCATE, and DROP?
A1.
- DELETE removes rows based on a condition and can be rolled back.
- TRUNCATE removes all rows quickly without logging individual row deletions and cannot be rolled
back.
- DROP deletes the entire table structure and data permanently.
Q2. Write the SQL command to create a table `Employees`.
A2.
CREATE TABLE Employees (
EmpID INT PRIMARY KEY,
FirstName VARCHAR(50),
LastName VARCHAR(50),
Salary DECIMAL(10,2),
JoinDate DATE
);
Q3. Insert a record into `Employees`.
A3.
INSERT INTO Employees (EmpID, FirstName, LastName, Salary, JoinDate)
VALUES (101, 'John', 'Doe', 50000, '2020-04-01');
Q4. Modify the table to add `Department`.
A4.
ALTER TABLE Employees ADD Department VARCHAR(30);
Q5. Update the salary of employee with EmpID = 101.
A5.
UPDATE Employees SET Salary = 55000 WHERE EmpID = 101;
Section B: SELECT Queries & Filtering (10 Marks)
Q6. Fetch employees with Salary > 50000.
A6.
SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE Salary > 50000;
Q7. Fetch FirstName, LastName, JoinDate for employees joined after '2022-01-01'.
A7.
SELECT FirstName, LastName, JoinDate FROM Employees WHERE JoinDate > '2022-01-01';
Q8. Fetch unique department names.
A8.
SELECT DISTINCT Department FROM Employees;
Q9. Salary between 40000 and 60000.
A9.
SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE Salary BETWEEN 40000 AND 60000;
Q10. First names starting with 'J'.
A10.
SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE FirstName LIKE 'J%';
Section C: JOINS & Relationships (15 Marks)
Q11. Employees with department names.
A11.
SELECT E.FirstName, E.LastName, D.DeptName FROM Employees E
JOIN Departments D ON E.DeptID = D.DeptID;
Q12. Employees even if no department.
A12.
SELECT E.FirstName, E.LastName, D.DeptName FROM Employees E
LEFT JOIN Departments D ON E.DeptID = D.DeptID;
Q13. Departments with no employees.
A13.
SELECT D.DeptName FROM Departments D
LEFT JOIN Employees E ON D.DeptID = E.DeptID
WHERE E.EmpID IS NULL;
Q14. Employee count per department.
A14.
SELECT DeptID, COUNT(*) AS EmployeeCount FROM Employees GROUP BY DeptID;
Q15. Names of employees in IT.
A15.
SELECT E.FirstName, E.LastName FROM Employees E
JOIN Departments D ON E.DeptID = D.DeptID
WHERE D.DeptName = 'IT';
Section D: Subqueries & Aggregations (15 Marks)
Q16. Employee(s) with highest salary.
A16.
SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE Salary = (SELECT MAX(Salary) FROM Employees);
Q17. Average salary department-wise.
A17.
SELECT DeptID, AVG(Salary) AS AvgSalary FROM Employees GROUP BY DeptID;
Q18. Employees earning above average salary.
A18.
SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE Salary > (SELECT AVG(Salary) FROM Employees);
Q19. Salary > every HR employee.
A19.
SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE Salary > ALL (
SELECT Salary FROM Employees E
JOIN Departments D ON E.DeptID = D.DeptID WHERE D.DeptName = 'HR');
Q20. Second highest salary.
A20.
SELECT MAX(Salary) FROM Employees WHERE Salary < (SELECT MAX(Salary) FROM Employees);
Section E: Group By, Having, Case & Window Functions (20 Marks)
Q21. Total salary paid per department.
A21.
SELECT DeptID, SUM(Salary) AS TotalSalary FROM Employees GROUP BY DeptID;
Q22. Departments with avg salary > 60000.
A22.
SELECT DeptID, AVG(Salary) FROM Employees GROUP BY DeptID HAVING AVG(Salary) > 60000;
Q23. Add SalaryGrade.
A23.
SELECT *, CASE
WHEN Salary > 80000 THEN 'A'
WHEN Salary BETWEEN 50000 AND 80000 THEN 'B'
ELSE 'C' END AS SalaryGrade FROM Employees;
Q24. Rank by salary within department.
A24.
SELECT *, RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY DeptID ORDER BY Salary DESC) AS SalaryRank FROM
Employees;
Q25. Cumulative salary per department.
A25.
SELECT *, SUM(Salary) OVER (PARTITION BY DeptID ORDER BY Salary) AS CumulativeSalary FROM
Employees;
Section F: Practical SQL Challenge (30 Marks)
Q26. Top 3 customers by purchase amount.
A26.
SELECT CustomerID, SUM(Amount) AS TotalAmount FROM Orders GROUP BY CustomerID ORDER
BY TotalAmount DESC LIMIT 3;
Q27. Customers with no orders.
A27.
SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE CustomerID NOT IN (SELECT DISTINCT CustomerID FROM
Orders);
Q28. Month-wise sales.
A28.
SELECT DATE_FORMAT(OrderDate, '%Y-%m') AS Month, SUM(Amount) AS MonthlySales FROM
Orders GROUP BY Month;
Q29. Customer with max number of orders.
A29.
SELECT CustomerID, COUNT(*) AS OrderCount FROM Orders GROUP BY CustomerID ORDER BY
OrderCount DESC LIMIT 1;
Q30. Percentage contribution of each customer.
A30.
SELECT CustomerID,
ROUND(SUM(Amount) * 100.0 / (SELECT SUM(Amount) FROM Orders), 2) AS
PercentageContribution
FROM Orders GROUP BY CustomerID;
