A PROJECT REPORT

ON

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF

POLYHERBAL CAPSULE

SUBMITTED
TO

Dr. POOJA (DIRECTOR)

Dr. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
TOWARDS PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF PHARMACY

B. PHARM VII SEMESTER

PRACTICE SCHOOL (BP706PS)

POLYHERBAL CAPSULES USED IN DIABETES

SUBMITTED BY SUBMITTED TO
NAME- Pulkit Soni Dr. POOJA (DIRECTOR)
ROLL NO.-2003010500036

SAGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT,

DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY, BARABANKI -225001

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
At the outset of this report, I feel great pleasure in rendering my deep sense of gratitude
to my Administrator Director, Director, and Head of the department, who has been an
inspirational source of my project report.

I am highly indebted to "Mr. Sunil Jhunjhunwala"(Administrator Director) their

guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information and for
his most inspiring guidance and interest enabled me to complete and present this project
report.

I am thankful to my guide Dr. Pooja (Director). I am also thankful to (Head of

Department) Mrs. Sarita Verma (Associated Professor).

I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents and members of Sagar Institute
of Technology & Management, Department of Pharmacy, Barabanki (U.P) for their
kind cooperation and encouragement. my thanks and appreciation also go to the people
who have willingly helped me out with their abilities.

Thank you!
Student's Name – Pulkit Soni.

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that PULKIT SONI has submitted a Practice School Project Report on
the “Poly Herbal Formulation for Treatment of Diabetes” domain, in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the Bachelor of Pharmacy to Sagar Institute of
Technology& Management, Department of Pharmacy, Barabanki (Uttar Pradesh)
with true and honest observations.
He has completed this project under my supervision and his report is satisfactory.

Faculty Name: Dr. Pooja

Department of Pharmacy
Institute Name: Sagar Institute of Technology & Management, Department of Pharmacy,
Barabanki (UP).

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 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the information incorporated in the project report is a bonafide and
genuine project report and embodies my work under the guidance and suggestion
received from my supervisor Dr. Pooja, Sagar Institute of Technology & Management,
Department of Pharmacy, Barabanki (U. P.).

Signature:
Name: Pulkit Soni
Roll No. 2003010500036
Date – 18/12/2023

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 INDEX

S. No. CONTENTS PAGE No.

1 Introduction of Diabetes. 6

2 Classification of Diabetes. 6

3 Introduction about Insulin. 7-8

5 Study about herbal medicinal plants. 8-15

7 Methods And Preparation of Polyherbal Capsule. 15-17

9 Evaluation Of Polyherbal Capsule. 17-19

10 Result and Conclusion. 20

11 References. 21

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 DIABETES

What is Diabetes?
Diabetes is a chronic health condition that affects how your body turns food into energy.
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has higher blood
glucose levels either because of,
1) Insulin production is not proper.
2) Body cells do not respond properly to insulin.

CLASSIFICATION OF DIABETES

The Disease is classified into two categories:

Type 1: Insulin-dependent diabetes -Type 1 diabetes (Juvenile diabetes) is a chronic

condition. In this condition, the pancreas makes little or no insulin.

Type 2: Noninsulin-dependent diabetes -In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas does not
produce enough insulin.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HEALTHY AND DIABETIC INDIVIDUALS

Fig no 1

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 INSULIN

What is Insulin?
⚫ Human Insulin consists of 51 amino acids in two chains connected by 2 disulfide
bridges.
⚫ Insulin is an essential hormone. It helps your body turn food into energy and
controls your blood sugar levels.
⚫ Insulin is stored in a complex with Zn2+ ions.
⚫ Allows the cells in the muscles, fat, and liver to absorb glucose that is in the blood.

INSULIN STRUCTURE

Fig no 2

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 MECHANISM OF INSULIN RELEASE

Fig no 3

POLYHERBAL EXTRACT USED IN FORMULATION OF CAPSULE

PLANT NAME FAMILY NAME

Luffa Cylindrica Cucurbitaceae
Terminalia Arjuna Combretaceae
Coccinea Grandis Cucurbitaceae
Table no 1

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 LUFFA CYLINDRICA

 Luffa cylindrical, otherwise known as Sponge gourd is a fibrous plant with fruits
containing black seeds.
 The Luffa plant is a cucurbit with other members including snake gourd,
pumpkins, and cucumbers.
 It grows as a flowering annual vine with pollinated flowers developing into
cylindrical green fruits filled with seeds in a system of many intertwined cellulose
fibers.

Fig no 4

LUFFA CYLINDRICA MEDICINAL USES

 The hypoglycemic activity of Luffa cylindrica is decreased gluconeogenesis into the

Hepatocytes.
 Luffa is taken by mouth for treating and preventing colds.
 It is also used for nasal swelling and sinus problems.
 Some people use it for arthritis pain, muscle pain, and chest pain.
 Women use Luffa to restore absent menstrual periods.

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 CHEMICAL CONSTITUENT OF LUFFA CYLINDRICA

According to GCMS analysis of Methanolic extract of LUFFA CYLINDRICA have 14

chemical constituent -
Sr no Name of compound RT (min) Area (%)
1 D-Limonene (Anticancer) 6.47 8.81
2 1-Hexadecanol (Emulsifier) 7.22 3.38
Stearic acid, 2-Hydroxy-1-methylpropyl ester,2-hydroxy-
3 7.48 0.48
1- methyl propyl stearate
4 1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether 9.19 1.12
5 Spirost-8-en-11-one (Anti-ulcer) 9.87 1.97
6 Glucopyranoside 10.25 1.24
7 7-Methy-z-teradecen-l-ol acetate 10.99 0.59
8 9,10-Secocholestra-5,7,10 (19)-triene-1,3-diol 11.25 1.75
9 Ethyl iso-alcoholate 11.98 0.28
10 Cis-11-Eicosenoic acid 12.57 1.04
11 Estra-1,3,5-trien-17-ol 12.7 0.38
12 Pentadecanoic acid 14.32 8.43
13 Oleic acid (Cardiac disease) 15.39 0.64
14 Heptadecanoic Acid (Skin Cancer) 15.64 2.69

Table no 2

MECHANISM OF ACTION OF LUFFA CYLINDRICA

In-vitro data of Animal

 A study investigated the effect of oral Ethanolic extracts of L. cylindrica seeds on
blood glucose levels in healthy rats and rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
In the diabetic group, Luffa cylindrica reduced glucose levels with potency like
that of the Biguanide Metformin.
 El-Fiky 1996 An in-vitro study reported alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase
inhibitory activity of a Luffa cylindrica seed extract.

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 Fig no 5

TERMINALIA ARJUNA

 Arjuna is a large deciduous tree with spreading crown and drooping branches.
 It attains a height of up to 35 m.
 Its bark is thick, grey to pinkish green, smooth, thin, coming off in irregular sheets.

Fig no 6 Fig no 7 Fig no 8

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MEDICINAL USES OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA

 The bark extract of Terminalia Arjuna possesses potent antidiabetic activity.

 Arjuna is used in Cardiomyopathy like Angina, Heart failure, Hypertension,
Myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and Hypercholesterolemia.
 Arjuna lowers down the cholesterol level (LDL).
 Arjuna helps in removing blockage in arteries.

CHEMICAL CONSITITUENT OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA

According to GCMS analysis, TERMINALIA ARJUNA fraction with Ethyl-acetate has

11 chemical constituents –

S.No Compound RT(min) Area %

1 glycerin (Sweeteners) 6.15 3.798
2 Octanoic acid (Antibacterial activity) 9.25 10.601
3 Terpinen-4-ol (Antiviral) 9.7 20.564
4 Alpha-Terpineol (Alzhimer disease) 9.9 7.265
5 1,2,3-Benzenetriol 12.69 3.573
Alpha-D-Glucopyranoside, alpha-D-Fructofunanosyl
6 (Antidiabetic) 13.63 1.291
7 1,6-Anhydro-alpha-D-glucopyranose(Levoglucosan) 14.68 1.676
8 Naphthalene (AntidiabetIC) 14.98 1.442
9 Nerolidol (Anticancar) 22.19 4.128
10 Hexadeca-2,6,10,14-tetraen-1-ol 24.07 34.94
11 Alpha-D-Mannofurnoside,farnesyl 25.34 10.72
Table no 3

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 MECHANISM OF ACTION OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA

The present study was carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of T. Arjuna
stembark extract in liver and kidney of normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats.

Oral administration of Ethanolic extract of bark (250 and 500mg/kg body weight)
for 30 days, resulted in significant decrease of blood glucose from 302.67±22.35 to
82.50±04.72.

and in a decrease in the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-

disphosphatase, aldolase and an increase in the activity of phosphoglucoisomerase
and hexokinase in tissues.

However, in the case of 250 mg/kg body weight of extract, less activity was
observed.

The study clearly shows that the bark extract of T. Arjuna possesses potent
antidiabetic activity.

COCCINEA GRANDIS

 Coccinea grandis, the ivy gourd, also known as scarlet gourd and tindora, is a
tropical plant.
 It grows primarily in tropical climates and is commonly found in the Indian states,
where it forms a part of the local cuisine.

Fig no 10
Fig no 9

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 MEDICINAL USES OF COCCINEA GRANDIS

 Coccinea grandis Ethanolic leaf extract has strong antidiabetic activity and can be
meaningfully utilized in the management of diabetes.
 This medicinal plant was used to reduce the swelling and itching from an insect
bite.
 Coccinea grandis is indigenously used for various skin diseases, bronchitis,
anorexia, cough, asthma, catarrh, and epilepsy.
 In Unani systems of medicine, it has been used for ringworm, psoriasis, smallpox,
and scabies.

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENT OF COCCINEA GRANDIS

According to HPLC analysis of the Ethanolic extract of Coccinea Grandis have 6

Polyphenolic compounds –

Content (mg/100g of dry

S.no Polyphenolic Compound extract %RSD
1 Gallic acid 19.51 0.47
2 Caffeic acid 12.68 0.32
3 Ellagic acid 31.57 0.75
4 Rutin hydrate 45.63 0.89
5 Quercetin hydrate 88.91 1.22
6 Kaempferol 5.83 0.06

Table no 4

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 MECHANISM OF ACTION OF CAOCCINEA GRANDIS

Fig no 11

METHODS AND PREPARATION OF POLYHERBAL CAPSULE

A. EXTRACTION OF TERMINILIA ARJUNA

 We extracted the Terminalia arjuna by the PERCOLATION method by mixing the
T. arjuna bark powder in 70% of aqueous Methanolic solution for 48 hours.
 After 48 hours filter the Aqueous Methanolic solution.
 Then we collect the filtrate and then evaporate it into China disc on a hot plate
instrument.
 And we collect the main API for our formulation.

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B. EXTRACTION OF COCCINEA GRANDIS-

 We extracted the Coccinea grandis by the PERCOLATION method by mixing the

Coccinea grandis leaves powder in 70% of the Aqueous Methanolic solution for 48
hours.
 After 48 hours filter the Aqueous Methanolic solution.
 Then we collect the filtrate and then evaporate it into China disc on a hot plate
instrument.
 And we collect the main API for our formulation.

C. EXTRACTION OF LUFFA CYLINDRICA-

 We extract the Luffa cylindrica by the PERCOLATION method by mixing the

Luffa cylindrica seeds powder in 70% of Aqueous Ethanolic solution for 48 hours.
 After 48 hours filter the Aqueous Ethanolic solution.
 Then we collect the filtrate and evaporate it into a China disc on a hot plate
instrument.
 And we collect the main API for our formulation.

Final batch composition -500 mg/capsule

No Ingredients Quantity in mg
1 Arjuna Extract 200mg
2 Coccinea Grandis 150mg
3 Luffa Cylindrica 50mg
4 Sodium methyl paraben (Preservative) 50mg
5 Starch (Disintegrant) 50mg
Table no 5

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 PREPARATION OF POLYHERBAL CAPSULE

The dry combination of three methanolic and ethanolic extracts was dried in a Hot air oven
at 60 degrees Celsius for 20 min.

All excipients used in this formulation were dried in a Hot air oven at 100 degrees Celsius
for 30 min.

All active ingredients were weighed according to the formula and mixed well with all
excipients.

Then the powder was transferred to the body of the polymer capsule and closed the body of
the capsule with a cap.

Then Poly Herbal Capsule was prepared.

EVALUATION OF POLYHERBAL CAPSULE

ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERS
Name of test Observation
Dull black powder contained in pale whitish body
Description
and cap "I" size capsule
Color Grey powder
Odour Characteristic Odour
Taste Bitter
State Solid (Powder)

Table no 6

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COCCINEA T. ARJUNA LUFFA
Fig no 12 Fig no 13 Fig no 14

CTMEE

Fig no 15

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 PHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF CAPSULES

pH value-
1 g of capsule powder was taken and dissolved in 100 ml distilled water. The pH
value of the solution was determined using a pH paper. The pH paper turned into light
green, and the pH value was found to be about 5-6 in the pH scale.

Uniformity of weight -
5 individual units were selected at random, their content was weighed, and their
Average weight was calculated. Not more than two of the individual weights deviate from
the average weight by more than the percentage shown in the table.

Name of the test Observation

pH (1% aqueous solution) 5-6 range
Uniformity of weight 510 mg ± 8.9mg
Table no 7

Fig no 16

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20
 RESULT
 The combination of three Ethanolic and Methanolic extracts (CTMEE) which
include Bark of Terminalia Arjuna, leaves of Coccinea grandis, and Seeds of Luffa
Cylindrica was selected as a sample material.
 The research of Formulation and Evaluation of Poly Herbal Capsules was
performed. The evaluation parameters like Physical and Organoleptic
characteristics of Poly Herbal Capsule, pH, Uniformity of weight, and
Organoleptic characters.

CONCLUSION
 By using Terminalia arjuna bark extract, Coccinea grandis leaves extract, and Luffa
Cylindrica seeds extract, showed a multipurpose and all active ingredients showed
different kinds of properties. Sample ingredients have been used in the preparation
of poly herbal Capsule and it is economical.
 Formulated herbal capsules mostly use natural ingredients to decrease blood
glucose level and treat Diabetes. The prepared herbal capsule showed good color,
odor during the study period.
 Based on the results the herbal capsule prepared is safe and can be used in
Diabetes.

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 REFERENCES
 Author(s) : Baby Joseph ; D. Author Affiliation : Interdisciplinary Research Unit,
Department of Biotechnology, Malankara Catholic College, Maria Giri,
Kaliakkavilai, 629 153, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India. Journal article
: Research Journal of Medicinal Plant 2011 Vol.5 No.4 pp.352-376 refoment

 A.P. Attanayake et Coccinea grandis (Cucurbitaceae) extract in male Wistar rats

Asian Pac. J. Trop. Dis. (2013)

 Tripathi, K.D. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology. 5th ed. Jaypee Brothers

Medical Publishers Pvt. Ltd.: New Delhi, 2003

 Pankaj Kumar, Shailendra Sharma. Hypolipidemic Potential of Herbal Drugs

Lagenaria siceraria & Carica papaya and Cow Urine: A Review Int J Pharm Sci
Rev Res. 2017;42(2): 46:255-264.

 Khairunnuur FA, Zulkhairi A, Hairuszah I, Azrina A, Nur Sakinah I, Fazali F.

Hypolipemic and weight reducing properties from Tamarindus indica L. pulp
extract in dietinduced obese rats. Int. J. Pharmocol. 2010; 6:216-223.

 Vermaak I, Viljoen AM, Hamman JH. Natural products in anti-obesity therapy.

Nat. Prod. Rep. 2011; 28:1493-1533. 8. Deshpande DJ. A handbook of herbal
remedies. AGROBIOS (India), 2008.

 Kamboj VP. Herbal Medicine. Current Science. Status of herbal medicine in India.
2000;78(1):35-39. Cock IE. The safe usage of herbal medicines:
counterindications, cross- reactivity and toxicity. Phog Common. 2015; 5:2-38.

 Mohamed EAH, Lim CP, Ebrika OS, Asmawi MZ, Sadikun A, Yam MF. Toxicity
evaluation of a standardized 50% ethanol extract of Orthosiphon stamineus. J
Ethnopharmacology. 2011; 133:358-63.

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