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Assignment Form Bk

The document discusses a simulation assignment regarding the selection of controllers for maintaining setpoint levels in batch reactors and ovens. It presents solutions for using a PID controller for precise control in a reactor and an On-Off controller for simpler temperature control in an oven. Additionally, it describes the output behavior of a PID controller in response to pulse inputs.

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Usama G.Mustafa
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52 views5 pages

Assignment Form Bk

The document discusses a simulation assignment regarding the selection of controllers for maintaining setpoint levels in batch reactors and ovens. It presents solutions for using a PID controller for precise control in a reactor and an On-Off controller for simpler temperature control in an oven. Additionally, it describes the output behavior of a PID controller in response to pulse inputs.

Uploaded by

Usama G.Mustafa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Subject: Assignment

Submission
Dear Sir Bilal Kazmi,
Course Title:
Simulation (605)
Submitted by:
 Bilal Faheem
 Danial Khan
 Usama Ghulam
Mustafa
 Muhammad Atif

Thank you.
Example 1

Hypothetical Industries has just put you in charge of one of their


batch reactors. Your task is to figure out a way to maintain a setpoint
level inside of the reactor. Your boss wants to use some type regulator
controller, but he is not quite sure which to use. Help your boss find
the right type of controller. It is extremely important that the level
inside the reactor is at the setpoint. Large fluctuation and error cannot
be tolerated.

SOLUTION:
I would want to use a PID controller. Because of the action of P control, the
system will respond to a change very quickly. Due to the action of I control,
the system is able to be returned to the setpoint value. Finally, because it is so
critical for the system to remain at a constant setpoint, D control will measure
the change in the error, and help to adjust the system accordingly.
Enhanced Solution: To maintain the setpoint level inside the reactor with
minimal fluctuations or error, a PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative)
controller is the optimal choice. Here’s why:
 Proportional (P): This component reacts proportionally to the error,
ensuring the system responds quickly to any deviations from the
setpoint.
 Integral (I): This eliminates residual steady-state errors by accumulating
them over time and applying corrections to bring the system back to
the desired setpoint.
 Derivative (D): This predicts future errors by analyzing the rate of
change, allowing the system to dampen fluctuations and ensure
stability. By combining these three components, the PID controller
provides accurate and stable control, which is critical in this application.

Example 2

You go back to your high school and you notice an oven in your old
chemistry class. The oven is used to remove water from solutions.
Using your knowledge from ChE 466, you begin to wonder what type
of controller the oven uses to maintain its set temperature. You notice
some high school students eager to learn, and you decide to share
your knowledge with them in hopes of inspiring them to become
Chemical Engineers. Explain to them the type of controller that is most
likely located within the oven, and how that controller works.
SOLUTION:
Since the oven is only used to remove water from a solution, fluctuation,
error, and lag between the set point and the actual temperature are all
acceptable.
Therefore, the easiest and simplest controller to use would be the On-Off
controller.
The On-Off controller turns on the heating mechanism when the
temperature in the oven is below the setpoint temperature. If the
temperature of the oven increases above the set temperature, the controller
will turn the heating mechanism off.

Example 3
Having taken your advice, your boss at Hypothetical Industries decides
to install a PID controller to control the level in the batch reactor.
When you first start up the reactor, the controller initially received a
step input. As the reactor achieves steady state, the level in the reactor
tends to fluctuate, sending pulse Inputs into the controller. For a pulse
input, provide a graphical representation of the PID controller output.

Figure 8. Pulse input.

SOLUTION: The PID-controller output will be a combination of the P-only, I-


only and D-only controller outputs. Analogous to the P-controller output for
the step input, the P-controller output for the pulse input will exactly resemble
the input.

Enhanced Solution: When the PID controller receives a pulse input, the
output is a combination of the individual responses from the proportional,
integral, and derivative components:

 Proportional Output (P): Mirrors the shape of the pulse input,


responding directly and immediately to the error.

 Integral Output (I): Accumulates over time, resulting in a broader


response that adjusts the system toward the setpoint.

 Derivative Output (D): Reacts to the rate of change in the error,


providing a corrective action that helps stabilize the system. The
combined PID output would exhibit a nuanced response, ensuring the
system quickly reacts to the pulse input while mitigating oscillations and
maintaining stability.

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