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Binary Ionic Compounds Type I II

The document outlines the naming conventions for binary ionic and covalent compounds, emphasizing the order of cations and anions, the use of Roman numerals for transition metals, and the application of prefixes for covalent compounds. It also explains the naming of acids based on their composition, distinguishing between binary acids and oxyacids. Key examples illustrate the rules for naming various types of compounds.

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16 views7 pages

Binary Ionic Compounds Type I II

The document outlines the naming conventions for binary ionic and covalent compounds, emphasizing the order of cations and anions, the use of Roman numerals for transition metals, and the application of prefixes for covalent compounds. It also explains the naming of acids based on their composition, distinguishing between binary acids and oxyacids. Key examples illustrate the rules for naming various types of compounds.

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andresaroza178
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II)

• The cation of a transition metal is always named first (like any cation) and the anion second.
• A monatomic (meaning one-atom) cation takes its name from the name of the element. For example,
Cu+ is called Copper(I) and Cu2+ is called Copper(II) in the names of compounds containing these
ions. The number in parentheses is the charge of the cation.
• All transition metal cations, except Zn2+, Cd2+, and Ag+ (which always have the charges shown
here), must show the oxidation number (charge) in parantheses following the English spelling of the
element, such as Iron(III), Copper(I), or Vanadium(V), whenever a compound containing these ions,
which have multiple charges, is named.
• For the cations in Groups IIIA-VIA (including, Sn, Pb, Ga, Bi, etc.) also have multiple charges, even
though they are not transition metals. For all the metals in these groups (except Al, which, of
course, always has a +3 charge), include a paranthesis after the name, and show its positive charge as
a Roman numeral (Pb2+ is Lead(II) in names)

Binary Covalent Compounds (Type III)

Compounds containing only non-metal elements are named using Type III binary compound rules. These
compounds are always neutral (not ions which have charges), and consist of only two elements (see acid
naming below for compounds containing only non-metal elements, but with more than two elements. The
prototypical compound is CO2, which is called carbon dioxide.
• The first element shown in the compound is named as the element (e.g., for CO2, first element is
"carbon")
• The second element shown in the compound is named according to the anion name, ending in -
ide (e.g., for CO2, the second element is named "oxide")
• The second element always carries a prefix indicating the number of times it is present in the
compound (e.g., for CO2, the second element (oxide) is present twice, so it has the "di" prefix)
• The amount of the first element is only shown, if it is present more than once. It is assumed to be
present only once, hence just the name of the element. However, if it is present more than once, you
must then specify the number of times it is duplicated (di, tri, tetra, etc.

The following prefixes are used to specify the number of times an element is present in binary covalent
compounds:
Please note that ionic compounds (Type I & II binary compound names) never use prefixes to specify how
many times an element is present. Prefixes are only used for covalent compounds formed from non-metal
elements.
Common Acid and Anion Names

Acids are compounds containing an ionizable proton (H+), since an acid is a proton donor (a hydrogen atom
which has lost its electron). The polyatomic anions derived from acids are named by dropping the -ic (or -
ous) suffix from the acid name and adding the -ate (or -ite) suffix, respectively. Compounds containing
polyatomic anions are named using the Type I or Type II naming systems described above. For example,
the sodium salt of nitric acid is sodium nitrate (NaNO3). If you know the acid formula you will always get
the correct anion formula and its charge, since the charge is equal to the number of ionizable hydrogen
atoms in the acid, and is always negative. For example, for sulfuric acid (H2SO4), the anion is sulfate (SO42-
) with a -2 charge.

Acids which do not contain oxygen (e.g., HCl, H2S, HF) are named by adding the hydro- prefix to the root
name of the element, followed by the -ic suffix. HCl is hydrochloric acid, H2S is hydrosulfuric acid, and HF
is hydrofluoric acid (italics added for emphasis). Anions of these acids, which contain a single element (not
polyatomic), are named as a regular non-metal anion (i.e., Cl- is chloride, S2- is sulfide, and F- is fluoride).
Naming Ionic Compounds (Metal + Non-Metal)

Ionic compounds form between metals (which lose electrons) and non-metals (which gain electrons). The
metal typically comes first, followed by the non-metal, which ends in "-ide."

Steps to Name Ionic Compounds:

• Name the metal (cation) first – The metal keeps its name.
• Name the non-metal (anion) second – The non-metal changes its ending to "-ide."
Example:

• NaCl – Sodium chloride


(Sodium is the metal, chlorine changes to chloride)
• MgO – Magnesium oxide
(Magnesium is the metal, oxygen changes to oxide)

For Transition Metals (Variable Charges):


If the metal can have multiple charges, use Roman numerals to indicate the charge.

Example:

• FeCl2 – Iron(II) chloride


(Iron has a +2 charge, indicated by Roman numeral II)
• CuSO4 – Copper (II) sulfate
(Copper has a +2 charge)

Naming Covalent Compounds (Non-Metal + Non-Metal)

Covalent compounds form between non-metals that share electrons. The names include prefixes to indicate
the number of atoms of each element.

Steps to Name Covalent Compounds:

• Name the first element – Use the full name of the first element.
• Name the second element – Change its ending to "-ide."
• Use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms (if more than one atom of an element is present):
o Mono- (1), Di- (2), Tri- (3), Tetra- (4), Penta- (5), Hexa- (6), etc.

Example:

• CO2 – Carbon dioxide


(One carbon, two oxygen atoms)
• N2O3 – Dinitrogen trioxide
(Two nitrogen atoms, three oxygen atoms)

Naming Acid Compounds

Acids are compounds that release hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water. There are two types of acids:
binary acids and oxyacid.

Binary Acids (Hydrogen + Non-metal):

• Start with "hydro-" and add the root of the non-metal followed by "-ic acid."

Example:

• HCl– Hydrochloric acid


(Hydrogen + Chlorine)
Oxyacid (Hydrogen + Polyatomic Ion):

• If the polyatomic ion ends in "-ate," change the ending to "-ic acid."
• If the polyatomic ion ends in "-ite," change the ending to "-ous acid."

Example:

• H2SO4 – Sulfuric acid


(From sulfate, ends in "-ic")
• H2SO3 – Sulfurous acid
(From sulfite, ends in "-ous")

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