Welcome to ARTI 404 – Image

Processing
Term 2 - 2021-2022

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Lecture 01 – Introduction to Image Processing
• Introduction to Image
Processing
• Course Overview

Dr. 1/19/202
Human vs.
Computer

Q What you see in the image?

Q Think?
is it possible that computer will understand it like you?
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Human vs. Computer

What we see What a computer sees

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 Image
Representation
How can an image be represented in binary – Bitmap Image/ Raster
Image
Bitmap images are made up of individual pixels.

The color of each pixel is represented as a binary number so the whole

image is therefore stored as a series of binary numbers.

This image therefore has a color depth of 1 bit.

2D Array are used to store (18x16)

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representation/ 5
 Image Representation
How can an image be represented in Vector images
Vector images store information as mathematical instructions rather than as
individual pixels.

For example, to save a vector image of a circle the software only needs to store:
the line thicknesses

the line style and color

the fill type and color

the image scales

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 Image Representation
Why does metadata need to be included in an image file?
Metadata is needed in a bitmap image file because
the software that displays an image needs to know:

The height and width of the image –each line of the

image starts in the correct place.

The resolution – the image displays at the correct size.

The color depth – the correct number of bits are used
to represent the color of each pixel.

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representation/ 7
 Image
Representation
What is colour depth and how does it effect the size of an image
file?

Example: binary code(s) used to

Colour depth in Number of possible
store the colour information about
bits (n) colours (2n)
each pixel

1 2 0, 1
2 4 00, 01, 10, 11
3 8 000, 001, 111 etc.
4 16 0000, 0001, 1110 etc.
8 256 10010101, 11101101 etc.

24 16,777,216 010110101110001101001101

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 What is a Digital Image?
Common image formats include:
1 sample per point (B&W or Grayscale)
3 samples per point (Red, Green, and Blue)
4 samples per point (Red, Green, Blue, and “Alpha”, a.k.a.
Opacity)

For most of this course we will focus on grey-scale

images
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 What is Digital Image
Processing?
Digital image processing focuses on two major tasks
Improvement of pictorial information for human interpretation

Processing of image data for storage, transmission and representation for autonomous
machine perception

The continuum from image processing to computer vision can be broken up into
low-, mid- and high-level processes
Low Level Process Mid Level Process High Level Process
Input: Image Input: Image Input: Attributes
Output: Image Output: Attributes Output: Understanding
Examples: Noise Examples: Object Examples: Scene
removal, image recognition, understanding,
sharpening segmentation autonomous navigation

In this course we
will stop here
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 Image Processing
Image processing is a method to convert an image into digital form and perform
some operations on it.

To enhanced image or to extract some useful information from it.

It is a type of processing in which input is image, like video frame or photograph and
output may be image or characteristics associated with that image.

Usually, Image Processing system includes treating images as two-dimensional

matrix.

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Key Stages in Digital Image
Processing
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Object
Acquisition Recognition

Representation
Problem Domain & Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression

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Applications of
Image
Processing
1/19/202 1
 Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
Technology to convert scanned docs to text
If you have a scanner, it probably came with OCR software

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 Face Detection

Many new digital cameras now detect faces

Canon, Sony, Fuji, or even some of the mobile phones have this
feature

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Object Recognition

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Vision-Based Biometrics
“How the Afghan Girl was Identified
by Her Iris Patterns” Read the story
wikipedia

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Login without a password…

Face recognition systems

now beginning to appear
more widely http://www.
sensiblevision.com/
Fingerprint scanners
on many new laptops,
other devices

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Object Recognition (in mobile phones)

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Medical Imaging

Image guided
3D
surgery Grimson et
imaging
al., MIT
MRI, CT
Image Understanding
Image Understanding
Disease Detection
Image Processing: Difficulties facing