Introduction to Electronics and Communication Question Bank

Question Bank for Introduction to Electronics Engineering

(BESCK104C/204C)
Module – 1
Power Supplies
1. What is a regulated power supply? With neat block diagram, summarize the working of DC
power supply. Also mention the principal components used in each block. (MQP ‘22 – 6M)
2. With a neat block diagram, explain the working of a DC power supply. Also mention the
principal components used in each block. (Aug ’22 – 7M, MQP ‘21 – 7M)
3. Draw the block diagram of DC power supply and explain the individual blocks.
(Feb ’23 – 8M)
4. What is a rectifier? What are the different types of rectifiers?
5. With a neat circuit diagram, explain the working of a half-wave rectifier along with relevant
waveforms.
6. A mains transformer having a turns ratio of 44: 1 is connected to a 220 V r.m.s. mains supply.
If the secondary output is applied to a half-wave rectifier, determine the peak voltage that
will appear across a load.
7. What is the need for reservoir and smoothing circuits? Explain.
8. Explain the working of a half-wave rectifier with reservoir capacitor along with relevant
waveforms.
9. The R-C smoothing filter in a 50 Hz mains operated half-wave rectifier circuit consists of
R1 = 100 Ω and C1 = 1,000 μF. If 1 V of ripple appears at the input of the circuit, determine
the amount of ripple appearing at the output.
10. A half-wave rectifier is fitted with an R-C smoothing filter comprising R = 200 Ω and C =
50 μF. If 2 V of 400 Hz ripple appear at the input of the circuit, determine the amount of
ripple appearing at the output.
11. Explain the working of bi-phase full wave rectifier circuit with neat diagram and waveforms.
(Aug ’22 – 7M, MQP ‘21 – 8M)
12. With a neat circuit diagram, explain the working of a bi-phase rectifier along with relevant
waveforms. Also explain how the output changes when a reservoir capacitor is used.
13. With neat circuit diagram and waveforms explain the working of a full wave bridge rectifier.
(Feb ’23 – 8M, MQP ‘21 – 8M)
14. With a neat circuit diagram and waveforms, explain the working of bridge rectifier without
filter. (Feb ’22 – 8M)
15. With a neat circuit diagram, explain the working of a bridge rectifier along with relevant
waveforms. Also explain how the output changes when a reservoir capacitor is used.
16. Discuss the need of filter circuit. With circuit diagram and waveforms, brief out the
operation of smoothing filter for full wave rectifiers. (MQP ‘22 – 7M)
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Question Bank Introduction to Electronics and Communication
17. What is a voltage regulator?
18. Draw the circuit diagram of voltage regulation and explain the operation. (Feb ‘23 – 6M)
19. Explain the operation of a simple shunt Zener voltage regulator. (MQP ‘21 – 7M)
20. A 5 V zener diode has a maximum rated power dissipation of 500 mW. If the diode is to be
used in a simple regulator circuit to supply a regulated 5 V to a load having a resistance of
400 Ω, determine a suitable value of series resistor for operation in conjunction with a
supply of 9 V. (MQP ‘22 – 7M)
21. A 6 V zener diode has a maximum rated power dissipation of 500 mW. If the diode is to be
used in a simple regulator circuit to supply a regulated 6 V to a load of 500 Ω, determine a
suitable value of series resistor for a supply of 12 V. (Feb ’22 – 6M)
22. If a 9 V zener diode is to be used in a simple shunt regulator circuit to supply a load having
a nominal resistance of 300 Ω, determine the maximum value of series resistor for operation
in conjunction with a supply of 15 V.
23. Explain the terms output resistance and voltage regulation with respect to voltage regulator.
24. The following data were obtained during a test carried out on a d.c. power supply:
(i) Load test
Output voltage (no-load) = 12 V
Output voltage (2 A load current) = 11.5 V
(ii) Regulation test
Output voltage (mains input, 220 V) = 12 V
Output voltage (mains input, 200 V) = 11.9 V
Determine (a) the equivalent output resistance of the power supply and (b) the regulation
of the power supply.
25. The following data were obtained during a load test carried out on a d.c. power supply:
Output voltage (no-load) = 8.5 V
Output voltage (800 mA load) = 8.1 V
Determine the output resistance of the power supply and estimate the output voltage at a
load current of 400 mA.
26. The following data were obtained during a regulation test on a d.c. power supply:
Output voltage (a.c. input: 230 V) = 15 V
Output voltage (a.c. input: 190 V) = 14.6 V
Determine the regulation of the power supply and estimate the output voltage when the
input voltage is 245 V.
27. What is a voltage multiplier?
28. With circuit diagram explain the following: Voltage Doubler, Voltage Tripler
(MQP ‘21 – 5M)

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Introduction to Electronics and Communication Question Bank
29. Draw the circuit diagram of voltage doubler and the working operation. (Feb ‘23 – 6M)
30. What is voltage multiplier and mention its applications? With circuit diagram brief out the
operation of voltage tripler circuit. (MQP ‘22 – 7M)

Amplifiers
1. What is an amplifier?
2. List and describe the main types of amplifiers. (MQP ‘21 – 7M)
3. Explain the following terms related to amplifier: (a) Gain (b) Input resistance (c) Output
resistance
4. An amplifier produces an output voltage of 2 V for an input of 50 mV. If the input and output
currents in this condition are, respectively, 4 mA and 200 mA, determine: (a) the voltage
gain (b) the current gain (c) the power gain. (Feb ‘23 – 6M)
5. The following measurements were made during a test on an amplifier:
Vin = 250 mV, Iin = 2.5 mA, Vout = 10 V, Iout = 400 mA
Determine: (a) the voltage gain (b) the current gain (c) the power gain (d) the input
resistance.
6. An amplifier has a power gain of 25 and identical input and output resistances of 600 Ω.
Determine the input voltage required to produce an output of 10 V.
7. Explain the following terms related to amplifier: (a) Frequency response (b) Bandwidth
(c) Phase shift
8. Write a note on frequency response characteristics of an amplifier circuit, clearly
mentioning the half power frequencies. (MQP ‘21 – 6M)
9. Mention the advantages of negative feedback in amplifiers circuits. With relevant equations
and diagram, explain the concept of negative feedback. (Aug ’22 – 7M, MQP ‘21 – 7M)
10. Discuss briefly a negative feedback amplifier with block diagram. (Feb ‘23 – 6M)
11. With a neat block diagram, derive the expression for overall gain of a negative feedback
amplifier. (Feb ’22 – 6M)
12. Explain the concept of negative feedback with a neat diagram. Show how negative feedback
stabilizes the overall gain of an amplifier.
13. An amplifier with negative feedback applied has an open-loop voltage gain of 50, and one-
tenth of its output is fed back to the input (i.e. β = 0.1). Determine the overall voltage gain
with negative feedback applied. If the amplifier’s open-loop voltage gain increases by 20%,
determine the percentage increase in overall voltage gain.
14. An amplifier with negative feedback applied has an open-loop voltage gain of 250, and 5%
of its output is fed back to the input. Determine the overall voltage gain with negative
feedback applied. If the open-loop voltage gain increases by 20% determine the new value
of overall voltage gain.

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Question Bank Introduction to Electronics and Communication
15. An integrated circuit that produces an open-loop gain of 100 is to be used as the basis of an
amplifier stage having a precise voltage gain of 20. Determine the amount of feedback
required.
16. An amplifier produces an open-loop gain of 180. Determine the amount of feedback required
if it is to be operated with a precise voltage gain of 50.
17. What are multi-stage amplifiers? What are the different methods used for interstage
coupling?

Module – 2
Oscillators
1. What is an oscillator?
2. Explain the concept of positive feedback with a neat diagram. Show how positive feedback
increases the overall gain of an amplifier.
3. An amplifier with a gain of 8 has 10% of its output fed back to the input. Determine the gain
of the stage (a) with negative feedback (b) with positive feedback.
4. What is oscillator? And mention the conditions for oscillation. (Feb ’23 – 6M)
5. Explain the Barkhausens’ criteria for oscillations.
6. With a neat circuit diagram, explain ladder network oscillator.
7. List and explain the conditions for sustained oscillations. Determine the frequency of
oscillation of a three-stage ladder network in which C = 10 nF and R = 10 kΩ.
(MQP ’22 – 6M, Aug ’22 – 6M, MQP ‘21 – 6M)
8. A phase-shift oscillator is to operate with an output at 1 kHz. If the oscillator is based on a
three-stage ladder network, determine the required values of resistance if three capacitors
of 10 nF are to be used.
9. With circuit diagram, explain the operation of a Wien bridge oscillator. (Feb ’23 – 8M)
10. With a neat circuit diagram, explain the working of Wien bridge oscillator using op-amp.
(Feb ’22 – 6M)
11. In a Wien bridge oscillator based on an operational amplifier, if 𝐶1 = 𝐶2 = 100 𝑛𝐹,
determine the output frequencies when (a) 𝑅1 = 𝑅2 = 1 𝑘𝛺 and (b) 𝑅1 = 𝑅2 = 6 𝑘𝛺.
12. In a Wien bridge oscillator based on an operational amplifier, 𝐶1 = 𝐶2 = 22 nF. Determine
the values of 𝑅1 and 𝑅2 required to produce an output at exactly 400 Hz.
13. What is a multivibrator? What are the principal types of multivibrators? Distinguish
between them.
14. With suitable circuit diagram, explain single stage astable multivibrator using operational
amplifier. (MQP ’22 – 7M, Aug ’22 – 7M)
15. Explain the operation of single stage astable Oscillator with its circuit diagram.
(Feb ’23 – 8M, MQP ‘22 – 7M)
16. Describe the working of a single stage astable oscillator using an op-amp. (MQP ‘21 – 5M)

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Introduction to Electronics and Communication Question Bank
17. With a neat circuit diagram and waveforms, describe the operation of crystal controlled
oscillator. (MQP ‘22 – 7M)

Operational Amplifiers
1. What is an operational amplifier? Sketch the circuit symbol for an operational amplifier.
Label each of the connections.
2. Explain the following parameters of an op-amp: (a) Open-loop voltage gain (b) Closed-loop
voltage gain (c) Input resistance (d) Output resistance
3. Define the following operational amplifiers parameters and write their typical values:
i) Open loop voltage gain ii) Output resistance iii) Slew rate (Feb ’23 – 6M)
4. Define the following with respect to operational amplifiers and write their typical values:
i) Open loop voltage gain ii) Input offset voltage iii) Full power bandwidth and
iv) Slew rate (Feb ’22 – 8M)
5. During measurements on an operational amplifier under open-loop conditions, an output
voltage of 12 V is produced by an input voltage of 1 mV. Determine the open-loop voltage
gain expressed in dB.
6. An operational amplifier operating with negative feedback produces an output voltage of
2 V when supplied with an input of 400 μV. Determine the value of closed-loop voltage gain.
7. An operational amplifier with negative feedback applied produces an output of 1.5 V when
an input of 7.5 mV is present. Determine the closed-loop voltage gain.
8. An operational amplifier has an input resistance of 2 MΩ. Determine the input current when
an input voltage of 5 mV is present.
9. Explain the following parameters of an op-amp: (a) Input offset voltage (b) Full-power
bandwidth (c) Slew rate
10. With the aid of a sketch, explain what is meant by the term ‘slew rate’. Why is this important?
11. A perfect rectangular pulse is applied to the input of an operational amplifier. If it takes 4 μs
for the output voltage to change from –5 V to +5 V, determine the slew rate of the device.
12. A wideband operational amplifier has a slew rate of 15 V/μs. If the amplifier is used in a
circuit with a voltage gain of 20 and a perfect step input of 100 mV is applied to its input,
determine the time taken for the output to change level.
13. Write a note on ideal characteristics of op-amp. (MQP ’22 – 7M)
14. List and explain the ideal and real characteristics of op-amp.
15. With neat circuit diagrams, explain the three basic configurations for operational amplifiers.
16. Explain how capacitors can be added to modify the frequency response of op-amps.
17. An inverting operational amplifier is to operate according to the following specification:
Voltage gain = 100
Input resistance (at mid-band) = 10 kΩ

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Question Bank Introduction to Electronics and Communication
Lower cut-off frequency = 250 Hz
Upper cut-off frequency = 15 kHz
18. With a neat circuit diagram and waveforms, explain the following op-amp circuits:
(a) Voltage follower (b) Differentiator (c) Integrator (d) Comparator (e) Summing amplifier
19. Draw the circuit diagram and input and output waveform of the following operational
amplifier circuits (i) Differentiator (ii) Integrator (Feb ’23 – 6M)
20. Sketch the circuits of each of the following based on use of Operational Amplifier
(a) Differentiator (b) Integrator (MQP ’22 – 6M)
21. Sketch the circuit of each of the following based on the use of operational amplifiers
(a) comparator (b) a differentiator (c) an integrator (d) Inverting Amplifier.
(Aug ’22 – 6M, MQP ‘21 – 8M)
22. With a neat circuit diagram, explain the working of integrator using op-amp. (Feb ’22 – 6M)
23. With circuit diagram and waveform show how operational amplifier can work as a
comparator. (MQP ‘21 – 6M)
24. Explain the operation of summing amplifier using operational amplifier and write the output
equation. (Feb ’23 – 6M)
25. An inverting amplifier is to be constructed having a mid-band voltage gain of 40, an input
resistance of 5 kΩ and a frequency response extending from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. Devise a circuit
and specify all component values required.
26. A summing amplifier with two inputs has RF = 10 kΩ, and RIN (for both inputs) of 2 kΩ.
Determine the output voltage when one input is at −2 V and the other is +0.5 V.

Module – 3
Boolean Algebra and Logic Circuits
1. Convert the following numbers to its equivalent numbers and show the steps:
(Feb ’23 – 6M)
i) (10110001101011.111100000)2 = (? )8
ii) (10110001101011.11110010)2 = (? )16
iii) (1010.011)2 = (? )10
2. Convert Decimal to Binary: (i) 41 (ii)153 (iii)) 0.6875 (iv) 0.513 (MQP ’22 – 8M)
3. Convert Binary to Decimal: (i) 110111 (ii) 10101010 (iii) 0110 (iv) 100.1010
(MQP ’22 – 8M)
4. Convert the following: (MQP ’22 – 6M)
i. (110.1101)2 = (? )10
ii. (847.951)10 = (? )8
iii. (CAD. BF)16 = (? )10
5. Convert the following:
i. (225)10 = (? )2 = (? )8 = (? )16
ii. (11010111)2 = (? )10 = (? )8 = (? )16

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Introduction to Electronics and Communication Question Bank
iii. (623)8 = (? )10 = (? )2 = (? )16
iv. (2AC5)16 = (? )10 = (? )8 = (? )2
6. Convert the following: (MQP ’22 – 8M)
a) 3A6. C58D(16) = ?(8)
b) 0.6875(10) = ?(2)
c) Compute the 9’s compliment of 25.639(10)
d) Compute the 1’s compliment of 11101.0110(2)
7. Subtract the following using 10’s complement: (Feb ’23 – 6M)
i) (72532 − 3250)10
ii) (3250 − 72532)10

8. Perform subtraction on the given numbers using 9’s complement method:

(a) 4,637 - 2,579 (b) 125 - 1,800
9. Perform subtraction on the given numbers using 10’s complement method:
(a) 2,043 - 4,361 (b) 1,631 – 745
10. Perform subtraction on the given binary numbers using 1’s complement method:
(a) 10011 - 10010 (b) 100010 - 100110
11. Perform subtraction on the given binary numbers using 2’s complement method:
(a) 1001 - 110101 (b) 101000 - 10101
12. Subtract using (r − 1)’s complement method (MQP ’22 – 6M)
a) 4456(10) − 34234(10)
Subtract using r’s complement method
a) 1010100(2) − 1000100(2)
13. Write down axiomatic definition of Boolean algebra. (MQP ’22 – 6M)
14. Mention the different theorems and postulates of Boolean algebra and prove each of them
with truth table. (MQP ’22 – 7M)
15. State and prove De Morgan’s theorem with its truth table. (MQP ’22 – 5M)
16. Using basic Boolean theorems, prove (Feb ’23 – 6M)
i) (x + y)(x + z) = x + yz
ii) xy + xz + yz̅ = xz + yz̅
17. Simplify the Boolean function to minimum number of literals: (MQP ’22 – 6M)
(xy + x′y + yz)
(x′y + x(y + z) + y′z′)
18. Simplify the following Boolean functions to minimum number of literals:
i) x + x′y
ii) x(x′ + y)
iii) x′y′z + x′yz + xy′
iv) xy + x′z + yz
v) (x + y)(x′ + z)(y + z)

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Question Bank Introduction to Electronics and Communication
19. Simplify the following: (MQP ’22 – 6M)
i. Y = AB + AC + BC
ii. Y = (A + B + B )(A + B + C)
iii. Y = C(B + C)(A + B + C)
20. Find the complement of the functions F1 and F2
F1 = x′yz′ + x′y′z
F2 = x(y′z′ + yz)
21. Minimize the following function (MQP ’22 – 7M)
a) F(x, y, z) = xy + x′z + yz
Find the complement of the function F1 and F2
F1(x, y, z) = x′yz′ + x′y′z
F2(x, y, z) = x(y′z′ + yz′)
22. Express the Boolean function
i) F = A + BC in a sum of minterms form
ii) F = xy + x̅ z in a product of maxterms form (Feb ’23 – 8M)
23. Express the Boolean function F = A + B′C in a sum of minterms.
24. Express the Boolean function F = A + BC in a sum of minterms. (MQP ’22 – 6M)
25. Express the Boolean function F = xy + x′z in a product of maxterms.
26. Express the Boolean function F = XY + XZ in a product of maxterms. (MQP ’22 – 6M)
27. Explain SOP & POS with examples. (MQP ’22 – 6M)
28. Explain all the logic gates with the symbols and truth tables.
29. Describe how NAND and NOR gates can be used as universal gates. (MQP ’22 – 8M)
30. Write the step-by-step procedure to design a combinational circuit. (Feb ’23 – 6M)
31. Implement half adder using basic gates. (MQP ’22 – 6M)
32. With the help of truth table, explain half adder.
33. With the help of truth table explain the operation of full adder with its circuit diagram and
reduce the expression for sum and carry. (MQP ’22 – 7M)
34. Describe the working of the full adder using basic gates. (MQP ’22 – 8M)
35. With the help of truth table, explain full adder using logic gates.
(Aug ’22 – 6M, Feb ’22 – 8M, MQP ‘21 – 5M)
36. Implement full adder using two half adders and one OR gate. Write the equations for Sum
and Cout. (Feb ’23 – 8M)
37. Design a full adder using two half adders and an OR-gate. (MQP ‘21 – 8M)

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Introduction to Electronics and Communication Question Bank

Module – 4
Embedded Systems
1. What is an embedded system? Compare embedded systems with general computer systems.
(Feb ’23 – 8M)
2. What is an embedded system? List any 7 comparisons between embedded system and
general purpose computing system. (Feb ’22 – 8M)
3. Compare embedded systems and general computing systems. Also provide major application
areas of Embedded Systems. (MQP ’22 – 5M, Aug ’22 – 8M, MQP ’21 – 8M)
4. Write a note on classification of embedded systems.
(MQP ’22 – 6M, Aug ’22 – 6M, MQP ‘21 – 6M)
5. Mention the classification of embedded systems based on complexity and performance.
(Feb ’23 – 6M)
6. Explain the classification of embedded system based on generation. (Feb ’22 – 6M)
7. What is an embedded system and brief about the different elements of an embedded system.
(MQP ’22 – 8M)
8. Discuss the typical embedded system elements. (Feb ’23 – 8M)
9. Write a note on core of an embedded system with its block diagram. (MQP ’22 – 8M)
10. List the comparison between microprocessor and microcontroller. (Feb ’22 – 6M)
11. Bring out the differences between RISC and CISC, Harvard & Von-Neumann.
(Aug ’22 – 6M, MQP ‘21 – 6M)
12. What is the difference between RISC and CISC processors? (Feb ’23 – 6M)
13. With a neat block diagram, explain an instrumentation system. (Feb ’22 – 8M)
14. With neat diagrams, explain instrumentation and control systems.
15. Write a note on transducers. Explain one type of sensor and actuator with its operation.
(MQP ’22 – 7M)
16. Give the classification of transducers with examples. (MQP ‘21 – 6M)
17. Write a short note on: (i) Transducers (ii) Sensors. (Feb ’23 – 6M)
18. Define ‘sensors’ and give its classification with examples. (MQP ‘21 – 6M)
19. Explain the operation of an LED with neat diagram. Mention its applications.
20. Write a short note on 7-segment LED display. (Feb ’23 – 6M)
21. Explain how 7-segment display can be used to display the data and write a brief note on
operation of LED. (MQP ’22 – 7M)
22. With a neat circuit diagram, explain Common Cathode and Common Anode 7-segment LED
display. (Feb ’22 – 6M)
23. Explain the different configurations of 7-segment LED Display.
(Aug ’22 – 6M, MQP ‘21 – 6M)
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Question Bank Introduction to Electronics and Communication

Module – 5
Analog and Digital Communication
1. Draw the block diagram of basic communication system and briefly explain the individual
blocks. (Feb ’23 – 10M)
2. Brief about modern communication system with its block diagram. (MQP ‘22 – 7M)
3. Describe the blocks of the basic communication system.
(Aug ’22 – 6M, Feb ’22 – 8M, MQP ‘21 – 6M)
4. Define the following terms: (i) Modulation (ii) Carrier communication system (iii) Baseband
communication system with neat and suitable waveforms. (MQP ‘21 – 6M)
5. Explain the types of communication system. (Feb ’23 – 5M, Feb ’22 – 6M)
6. Describe the classification of RF (Radio Frequency) spectrum with applications in
communications systems. (MQP ‘21 – 8M)
7. Define and explain SNR, Noise Figure, channel types, amplitude modulation.
(MQP ‘21 – 8M)
8. Write a note on different types of modulations and briefly describe each in detail.
(MQP ‘22 – 8M)
9. Define Amplitude Modulation. With the help of waveforms, explain amplitude modulation.
(Feb ’22 – 6M)
10. Define amplitude and frequency modulation. Sketch AM and FM waveforms.(Feb ’23 – 10M)
11. Write a note on: (i) Amplitude Modulation (ii) Frequency Modulation (iii) Phase Modulation
12. List out the advantages of digital communication over analog communication.
(Feb ’23 – 5M, MQP ‘22 – 5M)
13. Write a note on digital modulation techniques.
14. Consider the following binary data and sketch the ASK, FSK & PSK modulated waveforms.
(MQP ‘22 – 6M)

15. Write a short note on Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) modulator and demodulator.
(Feb ’23 – 10M)
16. Explain with a neat diagram the concept of radio wave propagation and its different types.
(MQP ‘22 – 7M)
17. Explain different types of radio wave propagation with a neat diagram.
(Aug ’22 – 6M, MQP ‘21 – 6M)
18. Explain three different modes of propagation of electromagnetic waves, with a neat diagram.
(Feb ’22 – 8M)

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Introduction to Electronics and Communication Question Bank
19. Present the architecture of a wireless communication transmitter and its modulation scheme
QPSK with waveforms and constellation diagrams. (MQP ‘21 – 6M)
20. Describe about radio signal transmission and multiple access techniques.
(MQP ‘22 – 7M)
21. Discuss the various multiple access techniques used in cellular network.
(Aug ’22 – 6M, MQP ‘21 – 6M)

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