🚀 Java Master Cheat Sheet (Expanded) 🚀
Welcome to the ultimate Java cheat sheet! This guide will take you from
beginner to master level, covering all key concepts with real-world scenarios,
step-by-step solutions, best practices
📌 1. Introduction to Java
🌍 Real-World Scenario: Why Java?
Imagine you are building a banking system. You need a language that is
secure, scalable, and platform-independent. Java is perfect because:
✅ Object-oriented: Helps structure code efficiently.
✅ Platform-independent: Runs on any device using the Java Virtual
Machine (JVM).
✅ Secure: Essential for handling transactions.
🛠️Java Installation & Setup
1️⃣ Download JDK from Oracle or use OpenJDK.
2️⃣ Set up Java Environment Variables (JAVA_HOME).
3️⃣ Install an IDE: IntelliJ IDEA, Eclipse, or VS Code.
4️⃣ Run your first Java program! 🎉
java
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public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, Java! 🚀");
}
}
🔹 Output: Hello, Java! 🚀
📌 2. Java Basics
🎯 Variables & Data Types
Java has different types of variables:
int (integer) ➝ int age = 25; 🎂
double (decimal) ➝ double price = 19.99; 💲
boolean (true/false) ➝ boolean isJavaFun = true; ✅
char (single character) ➝ char grade = 'A'; 🎖️
String (text) ➝ String name = "Chandan"; 💬
Java:
public class Variables {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int age = 25;
double price = 19.99;
boolean isJavaFun = true;
char grade = 'A';
String name = "Chandan";
System.out.println("Age: " + age);
System.out.println("Price: " + price);
System.out.println("Java is fun? " + isJavaFun);
System.out.println("Grade: " + grade);
System.out.println("Name: " + name);
}
}
🔹 Output:
Age: 25
Price: 19.99
Java is fun? true
Grade: A
Name: Chandan
📌 3. Control Flow (if-else, loops)
🌍 Scenario: E-commerce Discount System 🛒
Imagine you run an e-commerce website and need to apply discounts based
on cart value.
🛠️Solution:
java
public class DiscountSystem {
public static void main(String[] args) {
double cartValue = 150;
if (cartValue > 100) {
System.out.println("You get a 10% discount! 🎉");
} else {
System.out.println("No discount. Add more items! 🛍️");
}
}
}
🔹 Output: You get a 10% discount! 🎉
🔁 Loops (for, while, do-while)
🌍 Scenario: ATM Withdrawal 💵
java
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public class ATM {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int balance = 500;
int withdraw = 100;
while (balance >= withdraw) {
balance -= withdraw;
System.out.println("Withdrawal successful! Remaining balance: " + balance);
}
}
}
🔹 Output:
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Withdrawal successful! Remaining balance: 400
Withdrawal successful! Remaining balance: 300
...
📌 4. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) 🚀
🌍 Scenario: Car Dealership 🚗
java
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class Car {
String brand;
int price;
Car(String brand, int price) {
this.brand = brand;
this.price = price;
}
void showCar() {
System.out.println("Brand: " + brand + ", Price: " + price);
}
}
public class CarDealership {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Car car1 = new Car("Tesla", 50000);
car1.showCar();
}
}
🔹 Output: Brand: Tesla, Price: 50000
📌 5. Data Structures & Algorithms (DSA) 📊
🌍 Scenario: Managing Customer Orders 📦
📌 Arrays (Fixed-size collections)
java
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int[] orders = {101, 102, 103};
System.out.println(orders[0]); // Output: 101
📌 ArrayList (Dynamic collections)
java
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ArrayList<String> orders = new ArrayList<>();
orders.add("Order1");
orders.add("Order2");
System.out.println(orders.get(0)); // Output: Order1
📌 HashMap (Key-Value Pair - Storing User Data)
java
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HashMap<String, String> users = new HashMap<>();
users.put("Alice", "[email protected]");
System.out.println(users.get("Alice")); // Output: [email protected]
📌 Stack (Undo Feature in Editor)
java
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Stack<String> undoStack = new Stack<>();
undoStack.push("Hello");
undoStack.push("Hello, World!");
System.out.println(undoStack.pop()); // Output: Hello, World!
📌 6. Advanced Java Concepts
🎯 Exception Handling
🌍 Scenario: Handling Invalid User Input
java
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public class ExceptionHandling {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
int result = 10 / 0;
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Cannot divide by zero! ❌");
}
}
}
🔹 Output: Cannot divide by zero! ❌
🎯 Multithreading
🌍 Scenario: Running Multiple Tasks Simultaneously
Java:
class Task extends Thread {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Task is running 🏃♂️");
}
}
public class Multithreading {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Task task1 = new Task();
task1.start();
}
}
🔹 Output: Task is running 🏃♂️
🎯 File Handling
🌍 Scenario: Reading and Writing Files
java
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import java.io.*;
public class FileHandling {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
FileWriter writer = new FileWriter("example.txt");
writer.write("Hello, Java! 🚀");
writer.close();
FileReader reader = new FileReader("example.txt");
int data;
while ((data = reader.read()) != -1) {
System.out.print((char) data);
}
reader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("An error occurred! ❌");
}
}
}
🔹 Output: Hello, Java! 🚀
📌 7. Design Patterns
🎯 Singleton Pattern
🌍 Scenario: Managing a Single Database Connection
java
class Database {
private static Database instance;
private Database() {}
public static Database getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new Database();
}
return instance;
}
public void connect() {
System.out.println("Connected to the database! 🗄️");
}
}
public class SingletonPattern {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Database db = Database.getInstance();
db.connect();
}
}
🔹 Output: Connected to the database! 🗄️
🎯 Factory Pattern
🌍 Scenario: Creating Different Types of Vehicles
java
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interface Vehicle {
void drive();
}
class Car implements Vehicle {
public void drive() {
System.out.println("Driving a car! 🚗");
}
}
class Bike implements Vehicle {
public void drive() {
System.out.println("Riding a bike! 🚴");
}
}
class VehicleFactory {
public static Vehicle getVehicle(String type) {
if (type.equals("car")) {
return new Car();
} else if (type.equals("bike")) {
return new Bike();
}
return null;
}
}
public class FactoryPattern {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Vehicle vehicle = VehicleFactory.getVehicle("car");
vehicle.drive();
}
}
🔹 Output: Driving a car! 🚗
📌 8. Java Best Practices ✅
Use meaningful variable names (customerName instead of c).
Follow DRY Principle (Don't Repeat Yourself - Use functions!).
Use ArrayList instead of Arrays (unless size is fixed).
Optimize loops (Use for-each instead of traditional loops where
possible).
Always handle exceptions (Avoid crashes in production!).
🎯 Conclusion 🎯
Mastering Java will help you crack coding interviews and build scalable
applications! 🚀 Keep practicing and happy coding! 💡
This cheat sheet will keep evolving, so stay tuned for more updates! 🔥
