INTERNET

INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET
THE INTERNET
 The internet or simply the NET is a publically
accessible world wide system of interconnecting
computer networks that transmit data by packet
switching using a standardized internet protocol.
(IP).
 It is a global interconnection of computer networks
that can be accessed by the public for academic and
commercial information.
 The internet is made up of thousands of smaller
commercial, academic, domestic and government
networks. It carries various information and services
such as E-mails, online chat and interlinked
WebPages.
HISTORY OF THE INTERNET
 The internet was introduced during the early
1960’s as a solution to appending cold war. The
US government in fear of a major attack thought
of a communication that could operate without
any centralized control. The network had to be
able to operate even when parts of it were
damaged or destroyed. A network was suggested
where by any computer had to be able to operate
even when parts of it were damaged or destroyed.
A network was suggested were by any computer
connected to the network could e able to send and
receive messages, without depending on other
computers on the network.
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 In 1968, the first network was set up in great Britain,
thereafter, USA project funded by the pentagon, Advanced
Research Project Agency (ARPA) was started. This project used
four high speed supper computers to transfer data on a high
speed network known as ARPANET. In the early 1970’s, the
ARPANET control protocol developed into a more complex
standard control protocol known as the Transmission Control
Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
Originally, the ARPANET was designed to enable scientists and
researchers to enjoy long distance computing, but as time went
by, people started using it to send and receive personal mails
and news articles which led to introduction of personal user
accounts and addresses for Emails, hence the beginning of
Electronic post office.
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 As time passed by, computers became most powerful
and less expensive. As a result, many organizations
joined to or connected to the ARPANET, they
dominated the network such that ARPANET became
a small thing on this big network. Therefore, the
creation of inter networked network known as the
INTERNET.
 With the expansion and growth of the internet,
control by the US government was lost, despite the
fact that it was the one that developed it. This led to
ARPANET expiring officially in 1989.
 This came about because the internet consist of
various sub-networks which are each owned,
controlled and financed individually. It therefore
depends on the individual organization to run its
part. Today, the internet has grown so fast that by
January 1999, there were 43 million websites.
INTERNET SERVICES
1. Emails
2. E-learning
3. Instant messages
4. E-commerce
5. Chat systems
6. Internet telephony.
 ADVANTAGES OF THE INTERNET
1. Information. The biggest benefit offered by the Internet is information. It functions
as a valuable resource of information. You can find any type of information on any
subject with the help of the search engines like Yahoo and Google.
2. Communication. The primary goal of the Internet is communication. It has done
extremely well in this field, however the development process is still going on to
make it more dependable and quick. By sending an e-mail, we can contact a person
who is physically present thousand miles away within the fraction of a second’s
time.
3. Entertainment. Internet functions as a popular medium of entertainment. A wide
variety of entertainment including video games, music, movies, chat room, news
and others can be accessed through the Internet.
4. E-commerce. E-commerce is the idea that is implemented for any form of
commercial strategy or business transactions that entails transmission of data from
one corner of the world to another. E-commerce has become a fantastic option
through which you can shop anything.
5. Formation of communities. Internet helps in formation of communities or forums.
Here a number of people can participate in different types of debates and
discussions, express their views and gather valuable knowledge.
6. A variety of services are offered via Internet, for example job searching, online
banking, buying movie tickets, hotel reservations and consultation services etc.
When you avail these services offline, they become more expensive.
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7. Provide Technical Support.
You can also use Web site to provide technical support to users. Because Web pages
can be updated immediately with new information, various technical support
literature can be immediately modified in light of new findings and developments.
This can be accomplished without having to distribute changes to all users affected
by any changes using traditional mediums of information distribution, which are
often quite costly compared to the World Wide Web
8. Obtain Customer Feedback
The interactive nature of the World Wide Web is ideal for obtaining customer
feedback. You can easily obtain customer feedback about a product or service.
Because customer feedback submitted by customers can be read immediately, it's
possible to respond to various customer concerns in a timely manner, increasing
customer satisfaction and quality of customer service.
9. Operates 24 hours, 7 days a week
You don't need to wait until resources are available to conduct business. From a
consumer's perspective as well as a provider's business can be consummated at any
time. The fact that the Internet is operational at all times makes it the most
efficient business machine to date.
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10. Global Audience
Content published on the World Wide Web is immediately available to a
global audience of users. This makes the World Wide Web a very cost-
effective medium to publish information. Reaching more than 190
countries.
11. Relatively Inexpensive
It is relatively inexpensive to publish information on the Internet. At a
fraction of the cost to publish information by traditional methods, various
organizations and individuals can now distribute information to millions
of users. It costs only a few dollars to establish an Internet presence and
publish content on the Internet.
 DISADVANTAGES OF THE INTERNET
 Theft of Personal information
If you use the Internet, you may be facing grave danger as your personal information
such as name, address, credit card number etc. can be accessed by other culprits to
make your problems worse.

Spamming:
Spamming refers to sending unwanted e-mails in bulk, which provide no purpose and
needlessly obstruct the entire system. Such illegal activities can be very frustrating for
you, and so instead of just ignoring it, you should make an effort to try and stop these
activities so that using the Internet can become that much safer.

Virus threat
Virus is nothing but a program which disrupts the normal functioning of your computer
systems. Computers attached to internet are more prone to virus attacks and they can
end up into crashing your whole hard disk, causing you considerable headache.

Pornography:
This is perhaps the biggest threat related to your children’s healthy mental life. A very
serious issue concerning the Internet. There are thousands of pornographic sites on the
Internet that can be easily found and can be a detrimental factor to letting children use
the Internet.
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 There is a lot of wrong and misguiding information on the internet.
Anyone can post anything, and much of it is garbage.
 Some people are getting addicted to the internet and thus causing
problems with their interactions with friends and loved ones.
 There are a lot of unscrupulous businesses that have sprung up on the
internet to take advantage of people.
 HOW TCP/IP WORKS.
 The breaking up of every piece of information or message into
pieces called packets so that these packets are delivered to
their final destination and then re-assembled into original form is
done by the TCP/IP.
 These two important communication products on the internet
serve the breaking and re-assembling process of data transfer
across the internet.
 The TCP breaks up, reassembles the packets , while IP is
responsible for ensuring that the packets are sent to their proper
destination.
 TCP/IP is used because the internet is based on network known
as Packet Switched Network. In packet switched networks, all
connections between the sender and the receiver are broken
into interconnections so that there is no single connection
between the sender and the receiver
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 The Brocken packets are sent over many routers at the
same time and then re-assembled by the TCP at the
receiving end.
 On the other hand, the telephone system is a circuit
switched network (CSN) in which a single connection
between the sender and the receiver is made to transfer
data.
 Advantages of PSN
i. They are cheaper than CSN
ii. They are speedy in data transmission than CSN
iii. It is easier to trace the problem in case of any fault.
Disadvantages.
i. They are expensive to maintain than CSN
ii. They suffer data transfer jam which is not the case in CSN
ELECTRONIC MAILS