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COMPUTER HARDWARE
Computer hardware is the collection
of physical parts of a computer Monitor
CPU CPU Fan

Speaker
system. This includes the computer
case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse OGRAM
It also includes all the parts inside Case
Keyboard Mouse
VGA Card
the computer case, such as the hard
disk drive, motherboard, video card,
and many others.Computer Reader all-n-one Internal H
Sound Card

hardware is what you can physically

touch.

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Input Unit
This unit contains devices with the help of which we enter data into
the computer. This unit creates a link between the user and the
computer. The input devices translate the information into a form
understandable by the computer.
1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Trackball
4. Joystick
5. Light Pen
6. Touch pad
7. Touch Screen
8. Scanner
9. Optical Character Recognition (0CR)
10. Optical Mark Reader (OMR)
11. Bar Code Reader
12. Magnetic-ink Character Recognition (MICR)
13. Microphonc
14. Webn
Keyboard
The computer keyboard is used to enter text information into the
computer, as when you type the contents of a report.
The most popular keyboard used today is the QWERTY keyboard having
normally 101 keys.
The keyboard can also be used to type commands directing the
computer toperform certain actions.
ogitech
Mouse
Mouse is the most popular pointing device. It is a very
famous cursor-control device having a small palm size box
with a round ballat its base, which senses the movement
of the mouse and sends corresponding signals to the CPU
whenthe mouse buttons are pressed. Generally, it hastwo buttons
called the left and the right button and a wheel is present between the
buttons.
" Easy to use
" Not very expensive
"Moves the cursor faster than the arrow keys
of the keyboard.
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Joystick
Joystick isalso a pointing device, which is
used to move the cursor position on a
monitor screen. It isa stick having a spherical
ball at its both lower and upper ends. The
lower spherical ball moves in a socket. The
joystick can be moved in allfour directions.
The function of the joystick issimilar tothat of
a mouse. It is mainly used in Computer Aided
Designing (CAD)and playing computer games.
Light Pen
Light pen is a pointing device similar to a pen.
It is used to select adisplayed menu item or
draw pictures on the monitor screen.
It consists of a photocelland an optical system
placed in a small tube. When the tip of a light
pen is moved over the monitor screen and the
pen button is pressed, its photocellsensing
element detects the screen location and sends
the corresponding signal to the CPU.

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Scanner
Scanner is an input device, which works more like a photocopy
machine. It is usedwhen some information is available on paper and it
is to be transferred to the hard disk of the computer for further
manipulation. Scanner captures images from the source which are then
converted into a digital form that can be stored on the disk.

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 Microphone
Microphone isan input device to input sound that is then stored in a
digital form. The microphone is used for various applications such as
adding sound to a multimedia presentation or for mixing music.

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 Magnetic Ink Card Reader (MICR)
MICR input device is generally used in banks asthere are large number
of cheques to be processed every day. The bank's code number and
cheque number are printed on the cheques with a specialtype of ink
that contains particles of magneticmaterial that are machine readable.
This reading process is called Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
(MICR). The main advantages of MICR is that it is fast and less error
prone.

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 Bar Code Readers
Bar Code Reader is adevice used for
reading bar coded data (data in the form of 2102

light and dark lines). Bar coded data is 9

generally used in labelling goods,

numbering the books, etc. It may be a
handheldscanner or may be embedded in a
stationary scanner. Bar Code Reader scans a
bar code image, converts it into an
alphanumeric value, which is then fed to
the computer that the bar code reader is
Connected to.

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 Optical Mark Recognition (OMR)
Optical mark recognition (also called optical
mark reading and OMR) is the process of
capturing human-marked (for example - Pen
orPencil mark) data from document forms
such as surveys and tests. The method used
byan OMR device for recognition of marks
on adocument involves focusing a light beam
on the document and detecting the reflected
light pattern from the marks (for example -
Pen or Pencil mark).

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 Output Unit
Any device that is capable of representing information on a computer
iscalled an Output device.
Output devices receive information from the CPU and present it to the
user inthe desired form.
Some important Output devices are listed below:
1. Monitor
2. Printer
3. Plotter
4. Screen Image Projector
5. Sound card & Computer Speakers
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Monitors
Monitors, commonlycalled as Visual Display Unit (VDU), are the
mainoutput device of a computer. It forms images from tiny dots,
called pixels that are arranged in a rectangular form. The sharpness
of the image depends upon the number of pixels.
MONITOR? TYPES OF MON0TOR

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LCD CRT LED
Monitors
Monitors, commonly called as Visual Display Unit (VDU), are the
main output device of acomputer. It forms images from tiny dots,
called pixels that are arranged in a rectangular form.The sharpness
of the image depends upon the number of pixels.
MONITOR? TYPES OF MON0TOR

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LCD CRT LED
Printers
A printer prints information and data from the computer onto a paper. It can
print documents in color as well as in black and white. The quality of a printer is
determined bythe clarity of a print. The speed of a printer is measured in
Characters Per Second(CPS), Lines Per Minute (LPM) and Pages Per Minute
(PPM).Printer resolution is a numerical measure of print quality that is
measured in Dots Per Inch (DPI).

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 Classification of Printers

Printer

Impact Printer Non-Impact

Printer
Daisy Dot Ink-jet
Therm
Laser
Wheel Matrix al

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There are two types of printers
" Impact Printers
" Non-Impact Printers
Impact Printers
I. This type of printer strikes paper and ribbon together to form a character,
like a typewriter.
II. Impact printer can print a character or an entire line at a time.
I|1. They use pins or hammers that pressed an inked ribbon against the paper.
IV. Useful for bulk printing due to low cost

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There are four types ofimpact printer
Dot Matrix Printer
It forms characters using rows of pins which impact the ribbon on top
of the paper therefore also called pin printers. Dot matrix printers print
one character atatime. It printscharacters and images as a pattern of
dots. Many dot matrix printers are bi-directional, that is they can print
the characters from either direction, i.e. left or right

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 Daisy Wheel Printer
Indaisy wheel printers, The wheel is used in a computer printer called
adaisy-wheel printer. To print, the wheel is rotated until the correct
character faces the paper; a hammer strikes the character against an
ink-coated ribbon and paper.

Daisy Wheel Printer

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Line Printer
The line printer is a form of high speed impact printer. They can
Print 300 to 3000 Lines per Minute. Sothat they are very fast. Large
Computer system typically use Line Printer.
Drum Printer
The drum unit transfers the toner to the paper. The printer puts the
toner on the roller called "The photosensitive drum" inside the drum
unit,and then prints letters and images by fixing toner to the paper
Toner cartridges
by heat and pressure.

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Drum unit
 Non-Impact Printer
This type of printer uses electrostatic chemicals and inkjet
technologies. They do not hit or impact a ribbon to print. It can
produce high quality graphicsand often awide variety of fonts than
impact printers. There are following types of non-impact printer
Examples
Laser printers
Inkjet printers
Thermal printers
Inkjet Printer
It is aprinter that places extremely smalldroplets of ink onto paper to
create an image. It sprays ink onto paper to form characters and prints
high quality text and graphics.
Laser Printer
Itprovides the highest quality text and images for personal computer.
They can print in different fonts that is, type styles and sizes. Laser
printer uses laser beam ontophoto sensitive surface for printing. It
prints high quality graphics and more expensive than impact, ers.

Laser VS Inkjet

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Difference between Impact printers and Non-Impact printers ?
SN. Impact Printers Non-Impact Printers
1 Impact printers run on a mechanism of striking the Non-impact printers used a laser printing mechanism
ribbon or hammer to the ribbon containing ink to where no striking was used.
print on a paper.
2 Characters, graphics are printed on a paper by Characters, graphics are printed on a paper without
striking. striking.
Impact printers produce high-level noise as they Non-Impact printers have a low-level of noise.
have more moving parts.
4 Impact printers are old printing technology. Non-lmpact printers are latest technology.
Impact printers are long lasting / durable. Non-lmpact printers requires maintenance after some time.
6 Lower quality of graphics. Wider variety of fonts that handles graphics.
Slow printing speed. Comparatively faster than Impact printers.
8 They are not suited for printing photograph or an They are best suited for printing photograph and high
high quality media. quality media.
Impact printers are cheaper than Non-Impact Non-impact printers are expensive as compare to the
printers. Impact printers.
10 Example: Dot matrix, Daisy wheel, line printer and Example: Inkjet, Thermaland laser Printer.
ballprinter.

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