Python-1
> Our First Python Program
print("Hello World")
> A Key Point to know about Python
- It is a case sensitive language
> Variables
Basic Types in Python - numbers(integers, floating), boolean,
strings
Example 1:
----------
name = "shradha"
age = 22
print(name)
print(age)
> Comments
# This is a comment & useful for people reading your code
# This is another line
Example 2:
----------
# reading input from keyboard
name = input("What is your name? ")
print("Hello " + name)
Example 3:
----------
# Type Conversion
old_age = input("Enter your age : ")
new_age = int(old_age) + 2
print(new_age)
# Useful conversion functions
1. float()
2. bool()
3. str()
Python-2
4. int()
Example 4:
----------
# Sum of 2 Numbers
first_number = input("Enter first number : ")
second_number = input("Enter second number : ")
sum = float(first_number) + float(second_number)
print("Sum is : " + str(sum))
Example 5:
----------
# Strings
name = "Tony Stark"
print(name.upper())
print(name)
print(name.lower())
print(name)
print(name.find('y'))
print(name.find('Y'))
print(name.find("Stark"))
print(name.find("stark"))
print(name.replace("Tony Stark", "Ironman"))
print(name)
print("Stark" in name)
print("S" in name)
print("s" in name)
Output
------
TONY STARK
Tony Stark
tony stark
Tony Stark
3
-1
5
-1
Python-3
Ironman
Tony Stark
True
True
False
> Arithmetic Operators
-----------------------
print(5 + 2)
print(5 - 2)
print(5 * 2)
print(5 / 2)
print( 5 // 2)
print(5 % 2)
print(5 ** 2)
Output
------
7
3
10
2.5
2
1
25
> Comparison Operators
------------------------
greater than >
less than <
less than or equal to <=
greater than or euqal to >=
not equal to !=
is equal ==
> Logical Operators
--------------------
or (atleast one is true)
and (both are true)
not (reverses any value)
number = 2
Python-4
print(number > 3)
print(number < 3)
print(not number > 3)
print(not number < 3)
print(number > 3 and number > 1)
print(number > 3 or number > 1)
> Operator precedence
Python-5
> Branching statements
-----------------------
# if statement
age = 13
if age >= 18:
print("you are an adult")
print("you can vote")
elif age < 3:
print("you are a child")
else:
print("you are in school")
print("thank you")
Example
--------
# Simple Calculator
first = input("Enter first number : ")
second = input("Enter second number : ")
first = int(first)
second = int(second)
print("----press keys for operator (+,-,*,/,%)----------")
operator = input("Enter operator : ")
if operator == "+":
print(first + second)
elif operator == "-":
print(first - second)
elif operator == "*":
print(first * second)
elif operator == "/":
print(first / second)
elif operator == "%":
print(first % second)
else:
print("Invalid Operation")
> Iterative statements
-----------------------
> Range in Python
Python-6
range() function returns a range object that is a sequence of
numbers.
------------
for loop
------------
Example
--------
for i in range(5):
print(i)
Output
------
0
1
2
3
4
Example
--------
for i in range(2,5):
print(i)
Output
------
2
3
4
Example
--------
for i in range(2,5,2):
print(i)
Output
------
2
4
Python-7
while Loop
------------
Example
--------
i = 1
while(i <= 5):
print(i)
i = i + 1
Output
------
1
2
3
4
5
Example
-------
i = 1
while(i <= 5):
print(i * "*")
i = i + 1
Output
-------
*
**
***
****
*****
> List
-------
Example
--------
friends = ["amar", "akbar", "anthony"]
print(friends[0])
print(friends[1])
print(friends[-1])
print(friends[-2])
print("-------------------------------")
Python-8
friends[0] = "aman"
print(friends)
print(friends[0:2]) #returns a new list
print("-------------------------------")
for friend in friends:
print(friend)
Output
------
amar
akbar
anthony
akbar
-------------------------------
['aman', 'akbar', 'anthony']
['aman', 'akbar']
-------------------------------
aman
akbar
anthony
--------
Example
--------
marks = ["english", 95, "chemistry", 98]
marks.append("physics")
marks.append(97)
print(marks)
print("-----------------------------------")
marks.insert(0, "math")
marks.insert(1, 99)
print(marks)
print("-----------------------------------")
print("math" in marks)
print("------------------------------------")
i = 0
while i < len(marks):
print(marks[i])
print(marks[i+1])
i = i + 2
Python-9
print("------------------------------------")
print(len(marks)/2)
marks.clear()
print(marks)
Output
-------
['english', 95, 'chemistry', 98, 'physics', 97]
-----------------------------------
['math', 99, 'english', 95, 'chemistry', 98, 'physics', 97]
-----------------------------------
True
------------------------------------
math
99
english
95
chemistry
98
physics
97
------------------------------------
4.0
[]
> Break & Continue
--------------------
Example
-------
students = ["ram", "shyam", "kishan", "radha", "radhika"]
for student in students:
if(student == "radha"):
break
print(student)
print("---------------------")
for student in students:
if(student == "kishan"):
continue
print(student)
Python-10
Output
-------
ram
shyam
kishan
---------------------
ram
shyam
radha
radhika
> Tuples
---------
They are like lists (sequence of objects) but they are immutable
i.e. once they have been defined we cannot change them.
Parenthesis in tuples are optional.
Example
--------
marks = (95, 98, 97, 97)
#marks[0] = 98
print(marks.count(97))
print(marks.index(97))
Output
------
2
2
Sets
-----
Sets are a collection of all unique elements.
Indexing is not supported in sets.
Example
-------
marks = { 98, 97, 95, 95 }
print(marks)
for score in marks:
print(score)
Python-11
Output
-------
{97, 98, 95}
97
98
95
> Dictionary
-------------
Dictionary is an unordered collection of Items. Dictionary stores
a (key, value) pair.
Example
--------
marks = { "math" : 99, "chemistry" : 98, "physics" : 97 }
print(marks)
print(marks["chemistry"])
marks["english"] = 95
print(marks)
marks["math"] = 96
print(marks)
Output
------
{'math': 99, 'chemistry': 98, 'physics': 97}
98
{'math': 99, 'chemistry': 98, 'physics': 97, 'english': 95}
{'math': 96, 'chemistry': 98, 'physics': 97, 'english': 95}
> Functions in Python
-----------------------
Function is a piece of code that performs some task. (In a tv
remote, each button performs a functions, so a function is like
that button in code)
There are 3 types of functions in python :
Python-12
a. In-built functions
----------------------
# int() str() float() min() range() max()
b. Module functions
--------------------
Module is a file that contains some functions & variables which
can be imported for use in other files. Each module should contain
some related tasks.
Example : math, random, string
import math
print(dir(math))
print("---------------------------------------")
import random
print(dir(random))
print("---------------------------------------")
import string
print(dir(string))
print("---------------------------------------")
from math import sqrt
print(sqrt(4))
-----------------------------
c. User-defined functions
-----------------------------
Example
--------
def sum(a, b=4):
print(a + b)
sum(1, 2)
sum(1)
Python-13
Output
------
3
5
*** THE END ***
-------------------
