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Lecture 4&5

The document provides an overview of sequential circuits, highlighting their dependence on both current and past input values, contrasting them with combinational circuits. It explains key components such as latches and flip-flops, detailing various types including SR, D, JK, and T flip-flops, along with their functionalities and significance in digital logic. The document also includes diagrams and truth tables to illustrate the concepts discussed.

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8 views6 pages

Lecture 4&5

The document provides an overview of sequential circuits, highlighting their dependence on both current and past input values, contrasting them with combinational circuits. It explains key components such as latches and flip-flops, detailing various types including SR, D, JK, and T flip-flops, along with their functionalities and significance in digital logic. The document also includes diagrams and truth tables to illustrate the concepts discussed.

Uploaded by

heril72480
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C.U.Shah Institute of Computer Application, Ahmadabad.

Lecture-4

Sequential Circuit
Introduction

Sequential logic circuits are those, whose output depends not only on the present value of the
input but also on previous values of the input signal (history of values) which is in contrast to
combinational circuits where output depends only on the present values of the input, at any
instant of time. Sequential circuit can be considered as combinational circuit with feedback
circuit. Sequential circuit uses a memory element like flip – flops as feedback circuit in order to
store past values. The block diagram of a sequential logic is shown below:

Latches and Flip flops:


Latches: Latch is a basic building element in sequential circuits. Latches do not have any clock
signal that is they are asynchronous sequential circuits.

Flip-Flop: The Flip-flop is also a building block of synchronous sequential circuits. It has two
stable states. It can store one bit of information. Flip flops will have a clock signal. Their state
changes depending on the clock pulse .These devices will is having two states and a feedback
path.

Different Type of Flip-flops:


(1) SR Flip-flop
Introduction to SR Flip Flop:

The SR flip – flop is one of the fundamental parts of the sequential circuit logic. SR flip – flop is
a memory device and a binary data of 1 – bit can be stored in it. SR flip – flop has two stable
states in which it can store data in the form of either binary zero or binary one.

By: Assistant Professor Devangi Parekh 1|P a g e


C.U.Shah Institute of Computer Application, Ahmadabad.

SR flip – flop is one of the most vital components in digital logic and it is also the most basic
sequential circuit that is possible. The S and R in SR flip – flop means ‘SET’ and ‘RESET’
respectively. Hence it is also called Set – Reset flip – flop. The symbolic representation of the
SR Flip Flop is shown below:

Inputs

Logic Diagram with gates:

2 AND Gates
2 NOR gates

This simple flip-flop is basically a one-bit memory bistable device that has two inputs, one
which will “SET” the device (meaning the output = “1”), and is labelled S and one which will
“RESET” the device (meaning the output = “0”), labelled R.

Then the SR description stands for “Set-Reset”. The reset input resets the flip-flop back to its
original state with an output Q that will be either at a logic level “1” or logic “0” depending upon
this set/reset condition.

By: Assistant Professor Devangi Parekh 2|P a g e


C.U.Shah Institute of Computer Application, Ahmadabad.

Truth Table:

By: Assistant Professor Devangi Parekh 3|P a g e


C.U.Shah Institute of Computer Application, Ahmadabad.

Lecture-5

(2) D Flip Flop:


D flip – flop has two inputs , a clock (CLK) input and a data (D) input and two outputs; one is
main output represented by Q and the other is complement of Q represented by Q’. The symbol
of a D flip – flop is shown below:

In the SR flip flop an uncertain state occurred. This can be avoided by using D flip flop. Here D
stands for “Data”.
It is constructed from SR flip flop. The two inputs (S &R) of the clocked SR flip flop are
connected to an inverter.

It is one of the most widely used flip – flops. It has a clock signal (Clk) as one input and Data
(D) as other. There are two outputs and these outputs are complement to each other.

By: Assistant Professor Devangi Parekh 4|P a g e


C.U.Shah Institute of Computer Application, Ahmadabad.

(3) JK Flip-Flop:

The basic S-R NOR flip-flop circuit has many advantages and uses in sequential logic circuits
but it suffers from two basic switching problems.

 1. the Set = 0 and Reset = 0 condition (S = R = 0) must always be avoided

 2. if Set or Reset change state while the enable (EN) input is high the

Then to overcome these two fundamental design problems with the SR flip-flop design, the JK
flip Flop was developed.

This simple JK flip Flop is the most widely used of all the flip-flop designs and is considered to
be a universal flip-flop circuit. The two inputs labelled “J” and “K” are not shortened abbreviated
letters of other words, such as “S” for Set and “R” for Reset, but are themselves autonomous
letters chosen by its inventor Jack Kilby to distinguish the flip-flop design from other types.

The sequential operation of the JK flip flop is exactly the same as for the previous SR flip-flop
with the same “Set” and “Reset” inputs. The difference this time is that the “JK flip flop” has no
invalid or forbidden input states of the SR Latch even when S and R are both at logic “1”.

The JK flip flop is basically a gated SR flip-flop with the addition of a clock input circuitry that
prevents the illegal or invalid output condition that can occur when both inputs S and R are equal
to logic level “1”. Due to this additional clocked input, a JK flip-flop has four possible input
combinations, “logic 1”, “logic 0”, “no change” and “toggle”.

Block Diagram

By: Assistant Professor Devangi Parekh 5|P a g e


C.U.Shah Institute of Computer Application, Ahmadabad.

(4) T Flip Flop:


The name T flip-flop is termed from the nature of toggling operation. Toggle is to change
the output to complement of the previous state in the presence of clock input signal.

By: Assistant Professor Devangi Parekh 6|P a g e

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