Internet

Programming
Firaol K. (Msc.)
[email protected]
https://t.me/firafiran
 Chapter 1:
Internet Technologies and Protocols

Firaol K. (Msc.)
 Course coverage
Agendas
• The Internet Vs. Network and Types
• Basic terms of the internet
ü World Wide Web
ü Client-Server Architecture
• Protocols
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP 1.0/HTTP 1.1/secure HTTP)

• Other Web protocols (FTP, SMTP, ...)

• Web content validation

INSTRUCTOR:FIRAOL K. FRANEH (MSc.) 3

 Internet and WWW
What is the difference between Internet and network?
Answer:
• A network is a group of connected computers that allows people to share
information.
• A network is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network
devices, peripherals, or other devices connected to one another to allow the
sharing of data.
• In a network, multiple users can access the same information and connect
to the same resource.
• Whereas Internet is network of networks. It is derived from two words
Interconnection and network.
• An example of a network is the Internet, which connects millions of people
all over the world.

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 Internet and WWW
Some of the basic terms of Internet are:
ü Web page:- is a an electronic document written in a computer language
called HTML.
ü Web Site:- is a set related web pages. It is published by an organization.
ü Home page:- is a the starting point or a doorway to the web site.
ü Browser:- is a computer program that accesses web pages and displays
them on the computer screen.
ü URL: identifies its location on the Internet. Each web page has a unique
URL. It contains the following parts:-
Protocol, Host computer name, Domain name, Domain type, Path, File name.

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 Internet and WWW
Hypertext:-Hypertext refers to the text that connects to other documents.
ü These texts are known as hypertext link, hyperlink, hotlink or simply links.
• A hyperlink is used to “jump” to another part of the same page or to load a
different web page.
ü Internet service provider:- is an organization that provides the required
software, which is used to connect to the Internet.
ü Web server:- server is a computer that answers requests from user’s
computers.

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 Internet and WWW
ü Hypertext:-Hypertext refers to the text that connects to other documents.
These texts are known as hypertext link, hyperlink, hotlink or simply
links.
• A hyperlink is used to “jump” to another part of the same page or to load a different
web page.
ü Internet service provider:- is an organization that provides the required software,
which is used to connect to the Internet.
ü Web server:- server is a computer that answers requests from user’s computers.
Download and upload:-
ü Download refers to the activity of moving or copying a document, program or other
data from the Internet or other interconnected computer to one’s own computer.
ü Upload refers to the act of moving data from one computer to another, usually to a
server or remote computer
Online and offline
ü Online:- connected to the World wide web via Internet’. When you connect to the
Internet, you are online or live.
ü Offline:- refers to the actions performed when the user is not connected, via
telecommunications, to another computer or a network like the Internet. offline
means that the user is no longer connected to a remote computer.

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 Example: url
Identify Protocol, Host computer name, Domain name, Domain type, Path, File
name.
http://www.ambou.edu.et/registrar/registrar.php

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 Internet and WWW
WWW
ü It is one of the most popular services available on Internet.
ü It is a subset of the internet .
ü It presents text, images, animation, video, sound, and other multimedia in a
single interface.
ü It is a collection of documents or web sites, that users can access using the
Internet and a web browser.
ü It is a means of communication on the internet.
ü It is a subset of the internet.
ü Web couldn’t exist without internet
But Internet would still be the Internet without the web.

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 Internet and WWW
• The original purpose of the world wide web is to locate and display
information.
• A document on the web is called web page and is identified by a unique
address called the Uniform Resource Locator or URL.
• URL is commonly referred to as a web address.
• The most popular web server software used on the internet is apache HTTP
server .
• The second most popular web server is Microsoft Internet Information
Services(IIS) for windows Operating Systems.
• People created web pages using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML).
• HTML is used to create the web pages that appear on the world wide web.
• Web pages are commonly referred to as HTML pages or HTML documents

INSTRUCTOR:FIRAOL K. FRANEH (MSc.) 10

 What does Client/Server mean?

CLIENT Vs. SERVER

ü Client/server architecture is a computing model in which the server hosts,
delivers and manages most of the resources and services to be consumed
by the client.
ü This type of architecture has one or more client computers connected to a
central server over a network or Internet connection. This system shares
computing resources.
ü Client/server architecture may also be referred to as a networking
computing model because all the requests and services are delivered over a
network.

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 CLIENT Vs. SERVER
ü A server computer can manage several clients simultaneously,
ü Whereas one client can be connected to several servers at a time, each providing a
different set of services.
ü In its simplest form, the Internet is also based on client/server architecture where
the Web server serves many simultaneous users with Web page and or website data.
q Client: request for services.
q Server: provides services.
q Service: any resource.

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 Protocol
• Protocol is :-
• a set rules of for two or more communicating devices.
• a language spoken between computers to exchange information.
• formal description of message formats and the rules that two computers
must follow in order to exchange those messages.
• There are many types of protocols. Some of them are:-
ü HTTP
ü TCP
ü IP
ü FTP
ü DHCP
ü SMTP-POP3
ü DNS
• The HTTP protocol defines the format for communication between web
browsers and web servers.

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 Web Application (Webapp)
• A web application (or webapp), unlike standalone
application, runs over the Internet.
• Examples of webapps are google, amazon, ebay,
facebook and other.
• A webapp is typically a 3-tier (or multi-tier) client-server
database application run over the Internet and it
comprises five components:

Tutorial On Web Programming fRANeH 14

 Web Application (Webapp)
Components
1. HTTP Server: E.g., Apache HTTP Server, Apache
Tomcat Server, Microsoft Internet Information Server
(IIS), nginx, Google Web Server (GWS), and others.
2. HTTP Client (or Web Browser): E.g., Internet Explorer
(MSIE), FireFox, Chrome, Safari, and others.
3. Database: E.g., Open-source MySQL, MariaDB, Apache
Derby, mSQL, SQLite, PostgreSQL, OpenOffice's Base;
Commercial Oracle, IBM DB2, SAP SyBase, MS SQL
Server, MS Access; and others.

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 Web Application (Webapp)
Components
4. Client-Side Programs: could be written in
HTML Form, JavaScript, VBScript, Flash, and
others.
5. Server-Side Programs: could be written in
Java Servlet/JSP, ASP, PHP, Perl, Python, CGI, and
others.

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 Web Programming
ü Nowadays it’s almost impossible to imagine the world without the
internet and websites
ü So this needs all programming
ü A programming language is a computer language that programmers
use to create software
ü Since many different programming languages exist
ü Each and every language have their own task
ü Web programming is the process of creating web pages.
ü During this process, the programmer is in charge of shaping the site
according to the demands and needs of the company.

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 Web Programming
ü Nowadays, there are many programming languages, so the
programmer is free to choose the one he/she feels most comfortable
with, the one that best suits what he/she is asked to do.
ü Web development is the work involved in developing a website for
the Internet or an intranet.
ü Web development can range from developing a simple single static
page of plain text to complex web applications, electronic businesses,
and social network services
ü Popular programming languages for web development
include Javascript, HTML5, CSS3, PHP, and Java

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 Project Titles
Prepare titles for your web development individually (with in
1 week and submit)
1. The titles must not be done before or it will be cancelled.
2. The titles must be as simple as it will be done for you
3. You should know and study about what you are going to
do, unless ask for advice from your instructor
4. You will be evaluated individually at the end of the date
with presentation

Warning!
• Always find .pdf for your study including your reference
• This slide is only instructor note, use as sample only.

INSTRUCTOR:FIRAOL K. FRANEH (MSc.) 19

 The End!
Whats Next?....HTML

INSTRUCTOR:FIRAOL K. FRANEH (MSc.) 20