Module-2

Mental Models and Conceptual Design: Storyboards, Design

influencing user behaviour

1. What is a designer’s mental model?

A) The physical design of the system.
B) The designer’s conceptualization of the system, including its organization,
functionality, and operation.
C) The user’s expectations and experiences with the system.
D) A model that predicts the system's performance under stress.

2. Why is it problematic for designers to create a system without first forming a mental
model?
A) It can result in a system that is too simple.
B) It often leads to a poorly focused design that must be retraced and restarted
frequently.
C) It makes the system more expensive to build.
D) It ensures the system will be user-friendly.

3. According to Johnson and Henderson (2002), what elements might a designer’s mental
model includes?
A) Metaphors, analogies, ontological structure, and mappings between concepts and
the task domain.
B) User feedback, usability tests, and marketing strategies.
C) Technical specifications, code structure, and algorithms.
D) Financial projections, cost-benefit analysis, and business models.

4. In the context of the ecological perspective, what aspect of a system does the designer’s
mental model describes?
A) The aesthetic appeal of the system.
B) How the system fits within its work context and the flow of activities.
C) The detailed technical specifications of the system.
D) The financial impact of the system.

5. What is a potential downside of a more complex thermostat design that communicates the
designer's mental model through feedback messages?
A) It might be more expensive to produce.
B) It could be distracting to experienced users.
C) It may not align with user expectations.
D) All of the above.

6. What is a user's mental model?

A) The designer's blueprint of the system.
B) A conceptualization or internal explanation each user has built about how a
particular system works.
C) The physical layout of the system's components.
D) The marketing strategy for the system.
7. What are the sources of knowledge that contribute to a user's mental model, as described
by Norman?
A) Knowledge in the head and knowledge in the world.
B) Technical manuals and customer support.
C) User interfaces and error messages.
D) System performance metrics and analytics.

8. What can happen if a user's mental model is based on previous experiences with similar
systems but differs from the new system’s design?
A) The user will immediately understand the new system.
B) The user may struggle with the new system due to mismatched expectations.
C) The user will not be able to use the new system at all.
D) The user’s mental model will automatically update to match the new system.

9. In the example from the 1992 movie "My Cousin Vinny," what caused the mismatch in
Mona Lisa Vito’s mental model of the telephone?
A) The telephone was broken.
B) She was unfamiliar with rotary dial operation and expected touch-tone
functionality.
C) She did not know how to use a phone.
D) The phone number she was dialing was incorrect.

10. What is the role of conceptual design in the mapping between the designer’s mental
model and the user’s mental model?
A) To document all user requirements.
B) To ensure the user manual is detailed.
C) To transform the designer’s mental model into the user’s mental model, ideally
matching them closely.
D) To evaluate system performance metrics.

Certainly, here are the five multiple-choice questions based on the provided text:

11. What is the purpose of a conceptual design in interaction design?

A) To document the technical specifications of a system.
B) To communicate a design vision about a system or product.
C) To define the marketing strategy for a product.
D) To outline the budget and resources required for development.

12. According to Johnson and Henderson (2002), when should you start sketching screen
designs and user interface objects?
A) After completing the conceptual design.
B) Before defining the conceptual design.
C) During the requirements gathering phase.
D) After the product has been launched.

13. What role do metaphors play in conceptual design?

A) They provide technical details about the system.
B) They offer analogies to communicate and explain unfamiliar concepts using
familiar knowledge.
 C) They outline the budget and resources needed.
D) They define the marketing strategy for the product.

14. What is an example of a metaphor in the interaction perspective?

A) Describing iTunes as a mother ship for iPods and iPhones.
B) Using a typewriter metaphor in a word processing system.
C) The Amazon Kindle operating within its own infrastructure.
D) Advertising the Garmin handheld GPS as a hiking companion.

15. What is the goal of conceptual design from the ecological perspective?
A) To focus on the emotional impact of the design.
B) To communicate a design vision of how the system works within its environment.
C) To define the interaction techniques used in the system.
D) To provide detailed technical specifications for each component.

16. What is the primary purpose of conceptual design from the interaction perspective?
A) To establish the system's technical specifications.
B) To communicate how the user operates the system.
C) To define the marketing strategy for the system.
D) To outline the budget and resources required for development.

17. Which feature is used as an example of conceptual design from the interaction
perspective?
A) Microsoft Outlook navigation bar
B) iTunes as a mother ship for iPods
C) Mac Time Machine backup feature
D) Amazon Kindle's infrastructure

18. How does the Mac Time Machine feature represent traveling through different points in
time?
A) By displaying a list of dates in a calendar view.
B) By using smooth animation through space.
C) By highlighting the backup files in different colors.
D) By showing a timeline at the bottom of the screen.

19. What emotional impact might a conceptual design for a car aim to evoke according to the
given text?
A) Improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions.
B) Enhanced safety features and reliability.
C) Jaw-dropping performance and independence.
D) Lower maintenance costs and insurance premiums.

20. How do designers leverage familiarity in conceptual design from known applications to
new ones?
A) By copying the exact layout of the old application.
B) By using familiar design elements and structures.
C) By providing detailed tutorials for the new application.
D) By ensuring the new application has identical functionality.

21. What is the main purpose of a storyboard in interaction design?

 A) To present a detailed technical specification of the system.
B) To illustrate the interplay between a user and an envisioned system.
C) To create a marketing plan for the system.
D) To outline the financial costs involved in the system's development.

22. In a storyboard, what are "thought balloons" used to represent?

A) Physical user actions
B) Cognitive user actions
C) System internals
D) Screen designs

23. When creating storyboards from the ecological perspective, what should be illustrated?
A) Detailed user interface elements and interactions.
B) High-level interplay among human users, the system, and the surrounding context.
C) Specific emotional reactions of users.
D) Technical performance metrics of the system.

24. In the interaction perspective storyboard example of the Ticket Kiosk System, what
initiates the immersive protocol?
A) The buyer selecting a ticket
B) A sensor detecting the ticket buyer approaching the kiosk
C) The buyer inserting their credit card
D) The buyer entering their PIN

25. Which perspective of storyboard would best illustrate the fun and joy users experience
when interacting with a system?
A) Ecological perspective
B) Interaction perspective
C) Emotional perspective
D) Technical perspective

26. What do storyboard frames typically show in interaction design?

A) Technical specifications of the system
B) Individual states as static screenshots
C) Financial costs of the system
D) Marketing strategies for the system

27. According to Buxton (2007b), what important element is often left to the imagination in
storyboards for cartoons?
A) Detailed screen designs
B) The space between the frames
C) User emotional reactions
D) Technical performance metrics

28. In the context of storyboards for design, where does the user experience primarily reside?
A) Within the frames
B) In the detailed technical specifications
C) In the transitions between the frames
D) In the marketing plan
29. What should be included in storyboards to augment their value for informing design?
A) Technical performance metrics
B) Financial cost analysis
C) User thoughts, phrasing, gestures, reactions, and expressions
D) Detailed marketing strategies
30. What is a cognitive affordance?
A) A design feature that helps users with their physical actions
B) A design feature that helps users with their cognitive actions
C) A design feature that reduces financial costs
D) A design feature that enhances technical performance

31. What is the concept introduced by Beale (2007) to influence user behavior through
design?
A) User-centered design
B) Slanty design
C) Agile design
D) Flat design

32. What is the main goal of slanty design according to Beale (2007)?
A) To enhance individual user usability at all costs
B) To control user behavior for the benefit of all users and the enterprise
C) To make designs visually appealing
D) To maximize cost efficiency

33. Which of the following is an example of slanty design mentioned in the text?
A) Ergonomic chairs in an office
B) Sloped reading desks in a library
C) Color-coded buttons on a remote control
D) Interactive touchscreen displays in a museum

34. How does slanty design address the issue of congestion at airport baggage claims?
A) By providing more luggage carts
B) By increasing the number of conveyor belts
C) By sloping the floor away from the baggage carousel
D) By using security personnel to control the crowd

35. What is an example of how interaction design can encourage environmentally friendly
behavior?
A) Devices that automatically shut down when the user is no longer present
B) Brightly colored recycling bins
C) User manuals printed on recycled paper
D) Online tutorials on environmental conservation