RELATIONS

ASSIGNMENT-1
1. Three relations R1, R2 and R3 are defined on set A = {a, b, c} as follows:
i. R1 ={(a, a), (a, b), (a, c), (b, b), (b, c), (c, a), (c, b), (c, c)},
ii. R2 = {(a, b), (b, a), (a, c), (c, a)]
iii. R3 ={(a, b), (b, c), (c, a)].
Find whether each of R1, R2 and R3 is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
2. Show that the relation R on the set A= {1, 2, 3} given by R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3)} is
reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive.
3. Show that the relation Ron the set A= {1, 2, 3} given by R = {(1, 2), (2, l)} is symmetric but
neither reflexive nor transitive.
4. Check the following relations R and S for reflexivity, symmetry and transitivity:
(i) aRb iff b is divisible by a, a, b ∈ N
(ii) l1 S l2 iff l1 ⊥ l2, where l1 and l2 are straight lines in a plane.
5. Let a relation on the set R1 of real numbers be defined as (a, b) ∈ R1 ⟺ 1 + ab > 0 for all a, b ∈R.
Show that R1 is reflexive and symmetric but not transitive.
6. Determine whether each of the following relations are reflexive, symmetric and transitive:
(i) Relation R on the set A={1,2, 3,... ,13,14} defined as R = {(x, y):3x - y = 0}
(ii) Relation R on the set N of all natural numbers defined as R={(x, y):y = x+5 and x < 4}
(iii) Relation R on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} defined as R = {(x, y):y is divisible by x}
(iv) Relation R on the set Z of all integer defined as R = {(x, y): x - y is an integer}
7. Show that the relation R on R defined as R = {(a, b) : a < b}, is reflexive and transitive but not
symmetric.
8. Show that the relations R on the set R of all real numbers, defined as R ={(a, b): a ≤ b2} is
neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive.
9. Let A = {1, 2, 3}. Then, show that the number of relations containing (1, 2) and (2, 3) which are
reflexive and transitive but not symmetric is three.

ASSIGNMENT-2
1. Let R be a relation on the set of all lines in plane defined by (l1, l2) ∈ R ⟺ line l1 is parallel to
line l2. Show that R is an equivalence relation.
2. Show that the relation is congruent to on the set of all triangles in a plane is an equivalence
relation.

Page 1
3. Show that the relation R defined on the set A of all triangles in a plane as R= {(T1, T2) : T1 is
similar to T2} is an equivalence relation.
Consider three right angle triangles T1 with sides 3, 4, 5; T2 with sides 5,12, 13 and T3 with
sides 6, 8, 10. Which triangles among T1, T2 and T3 are related?
4. Let n be a positive integer. Prove that the relation R on the set Z of all integers numbers
defined by {x, y) ∈ R ⟺ x - y is divisible by n, is an equivalence relation on Z.
5. Show that the relation R on the set A of all the books in a library of a college given by
R = {(x, y) : x and y have the same number of pages}, is an equivalence relation.
6. Show that the relation R on the set A = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, given by
R = {(a, b) :|a – b|is even], is an equivalence relation.
Show that all the elements of {1, 3, 5} are related to each other and all the elements of {2, 4} are
related to each other. But, no element of {l, 3,5} is related to any element of {2, 4}.
7. Show that the relation Ron the set A = {x ∈ Z : 0 ≤ x ≤ 12}, given by R = {(a, b): | a - b| is a
multiple of 4} is an equivalence relation. Find the set of all elements related to 1 i.e.
equivalence class [1].
8. Show that the relation Ron the set A of points in a plane, given by R = {(P, Q): Distance of the
point P from the origin is same as the distance of the point Q from the origin), is an
equivalence relation. Further show that the set of all points related to a point P ≠ (0, 0) is the
circle passing through P with origin as centre.
9. Prove that the relation Ron the set N x N defined by
(a, b) R (c ,d) ⟺ a + d = b + c for all (a, b), (c, d) ∈ N x N is an equivalence relation.
Also, find the equivalence classes [(2, 3)] and [(l, 3)].
10. Let A = [1, 2, 3,..., 9] and R be the relation on A x A defined by (a, b) R (c, d) if a+d=b +c for all
(a,b), (c, d) ∈ A x A. Prove that R is an equivalence relation and also obtain the equivalence
class [(2, 5)].
11. Let N be the set of all natural numbers and let R be a relation on NxN, defined by
(a, b) R (c, d) ⟺ ad = bc for all (a, b), (c, d) ∈ N x N.
Show that R is an equivalence relation on N x N. Also, find the equivalence class [(2, 6)].
12. Let N denote the set of all natural numbers and R be the relation on N x N defined by
(a, b) R (c, d) ⟺ (b + c) = bc (a + d). Check whether R is an equivalence relation on N x N
13. Let R be the equivalence relation in the set A = {0,1,2, 3,4,5} given by R=[(a, b) : 2divides (a-b)}.
Write the equivalence class [0].
<><><><>

Page 2
Page 3