Cite Them Right Harvard style sheet

We recommend that you use this style sheet in conjunction with your School’s
referencing guide, the Library’s Referencing Guide and our Academic Skills Kit. Cite
Them Right Harvard style derives from the Harvard style as found on Cite them Right,
so visit Cite them Right Online to discover how to reference more types of information.

Cite Them Right Harvard style rules

Citation
Cite Them Right Harvard uses an author-date format, with the citation details entered in
round brackets, for example:
Recent research shows (Jones and Henry, 2011, p. 1150)…
or
…Evans explains this clearly in his recent research (2015, p. 33)…
Reference list or bibliography
Your reference list or bibliography should contain the full details of all the information
cited (or read for a bibliography) within your text, arranged alphabetically by surname of
the first author.

Bibliographic referencing examples

A selection of examples to get you started, check out Cite them Right Online for more:
Book
Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) Title. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher. Series
and volume number if relevant.
For example:
Grix, J. and Watkins, G. (2010) Information skills: finding and using the right resources.
Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
ebook
Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher.
For example:
Salecl, R. (2020) A passion for ignorance: what we choose not to know and why.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

University Library. Explore the Possibilities. 1

An edited book chapter
Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) 'Title of chapter or section', in Initial. Surname
(ed.) Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher, Page reference.
For example:
Isenhour, C. (2015) ‘Sustainable consumption and its discontents’, in H. Kopnina and E.
Shoreman-Ouimet (eds.) Sustainability: key issues. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, pp. 133-
154.
Journal article
Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) 'Title of article', Title of Journal, Issue information,
Page reference.
For example:
Borden, S. L. and Tew, C. (2007) ‘The role of journalist and the performance of
journalism: ethical lessons from "fake" news (seriously)’, Journal of Mass Media Ethics,
22(4), pp. 300–314.
Newspaper article
Surname, Initial. (Year of publication) 'Title of article', Title of Newspaper (Edition), Day
month, Section and page reference. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
For example:
Geddes, L. (2021) ‘Long Covid has more than 200 symptoms, study finds’, The Guardian,
16 July. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/jul/15/long-covid-
has-more-than-200-symptoms-study-finds (Accessed: 3 August 2021).
Online report
Author or organisation (Year of publication) Title of report. Reference number (if
available). Place of publication: Publisher OR Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
For example:
Ofcom (2021) Understanding online false information in the UK: economist discussion
paper series, Issue number 2. Available at:
https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/211986/understanding-
online-false-information-uk.pdf (Accessed: 3 August 2021).
A webpage with individual author
Surname, Initial. (Year that the site was published/last updated) Title of web page.
Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
For example:
Wild, S. (2021) Can blue light glasses reduce digital eye strain? Available at:
https://www.bupa.co.uk/newsroom/ourviews/digital-eye-strain-glasses (Accessed: 9
April 2021).

University Library. Explore the Possibilities. 2

A webpage with no author
Title of web page (Year that the site was published/last published) Available at: URL
(Accessed: date).
For example:
From the ‘Mona Lisa’ to ‘The wedding feast at Cana’: The Salle des États (2021) Available
at: https://www.louvre.fr/en/explore/the-palace/from-the-mona-lisa-to-the-
wedding-feast-at-cana (Accessed: 3 August 2021).
PhD thesis
Surname, Initial. (Year of submission) Title of thesis. Degree statement. Degree awarding
body. DOI or Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
For example:
Robinson, F.J.G. (1972) Trends in education in Northern England during the eighteenth
century: a biographical study. PhD thesis. Newcastle University. Available at:
http://hdl.handle.net/10443/511 (Accessed: 3 August 2021).
DVD Film
Title of film (Year of distribution) Directed by ... [Medium]. Place of distribution:
Distribution company.
For example:
Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004) Directed by M. Moore. [DVD]. Santa Monica, CA: Lionsgate Films.
Image from an online collection
Surname, Initial. (Year) Title of photograph. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
For example:
Behun, K. (2020) Green roof with a twist by MDA Architecture in Ho Chi Minh City / photo
by Quang Tran. Available at: https://www.instagram.com/p/CGGu1QCBq8C/
(Accessed: 3 August 2021).
Individual conference paper published in a journal
Author of paper (Year of publication) 'Title of paper' (from the Conference title, location,
date), Title of journal. Issue information, Page references.
For example:
Guo, H., Han, W., Chen, F. and Sun, F. (2020) 'Pitch angle: a newfound influential trait for
image-based facial beauty perception' (from the 2020 second International Conference
on Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Application (ICAITA). Dalian, China, 21-23
August), Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1651(1) pp. 1-9.

University Library. Explore the Possibilities. 3

Twitter
Surname, Initial. (Year tweet posted) ‘Title or description of post’ [Twitter] Day/month of
tweet posted. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
For example:
Lucas, G. [@lucasgary] (2021) "Battle of centaurs and wild beasts" Hadrian's Villa, Roma
mosaic circa 120-130 AD [Twitter] 5 July. Available at:
https://twitter.com/lucasgary/status/1411921215372079105 (Accessed: 3 June 2021).
ChatGPT and other generative AI
Cite Them Right have released official guidance for how you should cite generative AI
in the Harvard style:
If acknowledging the use of the tool generally in creation of your work:
In-text citation
See the photo of what a humanoid white tiger would look like (Shutterstock AI, 2023).
Referencing format:
Creator (Year) Title of work [Medium]. Available at: URL (Accessed: date).
Reference list example:
Shutterstock AI (2023) Photo portrait of humanoid white tiger hybrid [Digital art].
Available at: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-generated/photo-portrait-
humanoid-white-tiger-hybrid-2278820629 (Accessed: 28 June 2023).

If directly quoting / citing a response from generative AI:

In-text example:
When asked to explain why groups of children are incapable of forming a circle,
ChatGPT 3 (OpenAI Chat GPT, 2023) response included ....as see in Appendix 1.
Referencing format:
Name of AI (Year of communication) Medium of communication Receiver of
communication, Day/month of communication.
Reference list example:
OpenAI ChatGPT (2023) ChatGPT response to Lorna Smith, 3 April.

University Library. Explore the Possibilities. 4

FAQs
➢ How do I cite and reference a source quoted in another author’s work?
This is called secondary referencing. First, we recommend that you try to locate and
read the primary source – this will make it much easier to reference and will ensure you
are not taking the quote/paraphrase out of context.
Situation A: you can’t find the primary source
You only reference the secondary source in your final list. You then refer to the
primary source in your in-text citation, for example, (you can use either wording):
…Smith (2018, quoted in Jones, 2020, p. 21) states clearly that…
…Henderson’s thoughts on the use of chocolate to aid student’s concentration
(2019, cited in Williams, 2021, p. 55) supports the idea that…
Sitation B: you can find both primary and secondary source
You reference both the primary and secondary sources in your reference list and cite
them independently as you would any other reference.
➢ How many authors do I include in the citation and reference list?
For Cite Them Right Harvard you would include up to three authors in your in-text
citation, for example:
One of the key studies on this subject (Hill, Smith and Jones, 1997) explains…
If your reference has four or more authors, you can then use et al. (meaning ‘and
others’) in your in-text citation, for example:
Research by Harrison et al. (2003) shows that…
For Cite Them Right Harvard, you need to record all authors in your final reference list
or bibliography. You can only use et al. if there are more than 10 authors.
➢ How do I cite and reference sources that the same author and date?
When referencing multiple sources that have the same author and date, it can be tricky
to differentiate the in-text citations. You first need to alphabetise your references in
your final list – as they have the same author and year, move along your reference to
the first letter of the source’s title. You then write a lower capital a, b, c etc. after the
source’s year, for example:
Smith, L. (2001a) ‘Another life to live for Dorothy….
Smith, L. (2001b) ‘Bye bye yellow brick road…
Smith, L. (2001c) ‘Who said life would be easy for Toto…
The reader will then know which reference you are referring to in your in-text citation,
for example:
Research shows (Smith, 2001b, p.20) that the yellow brick road was a myth…

University Library. Explore the Possibilities. 5