Priority Base

“When a coroutine hits a suspend function like delay(), it doesn’t block the thread. Instead, the coroutine suspends — which means the Kotlin compiler has already transformed the suspend function into a state machine at compile time.

This generates a Continuation object, which stores:

• A label showing where the coroutine left off
• Any local variables needed after resumption
• The CoroutineContext (like which Dispatcher to resume on)

So when the suspend function is done — like after 100ms in delay(100) — the system resumes the coroutine using that Continuation, jumping straight to the next label.”
basic what happens when a function suspends in coroutine https://docs.google.com/document/d/1I6jgTA6mqAmxpfxg6Bp9oyMJeCudEf1vZrL0njd1bgQ/edit?usp=sharing

OnCreate(): Called when the activity is first created. This is where you should do all of your
normal static set-ups: create views, bind data to lists, etc., as it is called only once.
OnCreate is called once, when activity is created; hence all init are done here OnStart(): Called when the activity first becomes visible. It is called every time an activity
basic What is the difference b/w onCreate() and onStart()? OnResume is called multiple times when ever the screen become visible to user returns from the background. Can be called multiple times
basic When only onDestroy is called for an activity without onPause() and onStop()? When onDestroy() is called in onCreate funtion When you directly call finish() in onCreate() lifecycle method
As onCreate() of an Activity is called only once, this is the point where most initialization
should go. It is inefficient to set the content in onResume() or onStart() (which are called
basic Why do we need to call setContentView() in onCreate() of Activity class? because onCreate() is called only once. multiple times) as the setContentView() is a heavy operation.
1. onSavedInstanceState()- Use to save state(with running info) when activity goes to
background(pausedor stopped)
2. onRestoreSavedInstanceState()- Use to recover saved state when activity resumes
3. Used to save the state of the UI, such as the text in a text field or the position of a scroll
basic Use of onSavedInstanceState() and onRestoreInstanceState( to store UI state on cofig change or when activity is paused bar
1. Serializable :Standard Java interface that allows objects to be serialized to and
Serializable is Java ' interface; Parcelable is android specific feature, it is more efficient deserialized from a stream of bytes
medium What is the difference between Serializable and Parcelable? Which is the best approach in Android? 2. Parcelable: Android specific framework, fast, smaller, efficient
1. Standard: New instance is created every time an activity is launched
2. SingleTop: activity already exists at the top of the current task then no new activity
created and if it not then new activity is created - usecase - search activity
3. SingleTask: At a time only one instance of activity will exist. A->B->C->D will become A-
>B when b is created again and data will be routed using onNewintent - ex
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33616136/what-are-the-real-world-use-cases-of-the-launchmodes-in-android mainDashboard, music/video player
4. Single Instance - new activity will always be created on new task
must Android Launch Modes used to define how a new instance of an activity should be launched or how it should interact with existing instances of the same activity
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34487702/what-are-the-use-cases-when-we-should-prefer-a-broadcast-receiver-aidl-ibinder
A language which is used to communicate between two process/apps that doesn't know
Low Priority ADIL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JxmozhBzzcg anything about each other as processes dont sahre memory in android
onAttach()-> is called after Fragment is associated with its Activity Gets a reference to the
Activity object which can be used as Context
onCreate()-> Don't use onCreate to access View hierarchy because Activity's
onCreatemay/may not be finished. Create background threads here for long running
operations.
onCreateView()-> You are expected to return a View Hierarchy for your fragment
onActivityCreated()-> Called after Activity onCreate has completed execution Use this
method to access/modify UI elements
onResume()
onPause()
onDestroyView()-> Called after the Fragment View Hierarchy is no longer accessible
onDestroy()-> Called after fragment is not used. It still exists as a Java object attachedto
https://developer.android.com/guide/fragments/lifecycle the Activity
High Priority https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vk7VKUFOlbY onDetach()-> Fragment is not tied to the Activity and does not have a View hierarchy
1. SharedVM - recommneded when persistant data need to be shared. It is an ideal choice
when you need to share data between multiple fragments or between fragments and their
host activity.
2. Fragment Result Api - For one time result that be saved in bundle
In this setFragmentResultListener() is used on receiver's end andsetFragmentResult is
basic How to communicate between two fragments https://developer.android.com/guide/fragments/communicate used on sender's end
A Service is an application component that can perform long-running operations in the
background. It does not provide a user interface
Types:
1. Foreground- Noticeable to the user, ex audio app. Must display a notification. Using
WorkManager is prefered to do these types of operations
2. Background - performs an operation that isn't directly noticed by the user. ex backup
data operation. After API level 26 it is rescrticted to use background service when app is
not in foreground.

Main types:
1. Foreground
1. Started service: Ideal for long running task that do not require commnunication b/w activity and sewrvices - Large
2. Background:After
file upload api level 26 restricted certain features
2. Bound Services: This service allow communication betweenactivity and services 3. Bound service - Can bound user interface to make the user interact. ex- music player
basic Service- Usecases,type all detail 3. Foreground services: Used during long running task useage is indiucated using a persistant notification
A work manager is a software component that is responsible for scheduling and executing
tasks, typically in a background thread.

A work manager allows tasks to be executed asynchronously, which can improve the
performance, reliability, and responsiveness of an application.
--> Guaranteed, constraint-aware execution, Respectful of system background restrictions,
https://medium.com/androiddevelopers/introducing-workmanager-2083bcfc4712 Backwards compatible with or without Google Play Services, Queryable, Chainable,
High Priority WorkManager - Detail Opportunistic
FragmentPagerAdapter: Each fragment visited by the user will be stored in the memory but
the view will be destroyed. When the page is revisited, then the view will be created not the
instance of the fragment.
FragmentStatePagerAdapter: Here, the fragment instance will be destroyed when it is not
Medium What is the difference between FragmentPagerAdapter vs FragmentStatePagerAdapter? visible to the user, except the saved state of the fragment.
The ViewHolder pattern is a technique for improving the performance of a list view by
recycling the views used to display the list items, reducing the amount of memory and
medium What is the ViewHolder pattern? Why should we use it? https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21501316/what-is-the-benefit-of-viewholder-pattern-in-android processing power needed to display the list.
Dialogs are created and displayed using the Dialog class, while Dialog Fragments are
created and displayed using the DialogFragment class.
Dialogs are created and displayed directly within an activity, while Dialog Fragments are
created and displayed within a fragment manager associated with an activity.
Dialogs are not added to the fragment back stack, while Dialog Fragments are added to the
basic What the difference between Dialog and Dialog Fragment https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7977392/android-dialogfragment-vs-dialog fragment back stack and can be managed along with other fragments in the activity.
Intent: works like a messaging component between fundamental components of Android
Use case: starting an activity, service or broadcast
Types:
1. Implicit - destination not known. Like opening a url
2. Explicit - the destination is known - open activity B from activity A
3. Pending - When you want to open some application components like
Activity/Service/BroadcastReceiver at later time or after some specified time interval you
have to send PendingIntent
must What is intent, types 4. Sticky Intent
Apps can send or receive broadcast messages from the Android system and other Android
apps.
When a broadcast is sent, the system automatically routes broadcasts to apps that have
subscribed to receive that particular type of broadcast.
basic What is BroadcastReceiver? https://developer.android.com/guide/components/broadcasts Ex System broadcasts are sent to all apps that are subscribed to receive the event.
An intent filter is an expression in an app's manifest file that specifies the type of intents
that the component would like to receive
There are three Intent characteristics you can filter on: the action, data, and categories
Ex: if you want our app to have the capability to open a file say an Image from a file
manager or other app, we can use an intent filter in the activity that can render the image.
Code ex:
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW"/>
<data android:scheme="file" android:mimeType="image/*"/>
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
medium What is the function of an IntentFilter https://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/IntentFilter </intent-filter>
An intent that is used with sticky broadcast, is called as sticky intent. This intent will stick
with android system for future broadcast receiver requests.
works in conjunction with sendStickyBroadcast() method. So when android system send
sticky broadcast for any change in battery status the Intent stick around even after the
BroadcastReceiver has completed it’s work. So at later point of time anyone can retrieve
medium What is a Sticky Intent? that Intent for getting the battery status result through registerReceiver() method
1. A component (such as an activity or service) creates an intent with the desired action
and data, and sends the intent using the sendBroadcast method on the Context class.
2. The Android system receives the broadcast intent and sends it to all registered
broadcast receivers that are interested in the intent's action.
3. Each broadcast receiver receives the intent and can extract the data from the intent and
basic Describe how broadcasts and intents work to be able to pass messages around your app? https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7276537/using-a-broadcast-intent-broadcast-receiver-to-send-messages-from-a-service-to-a
perform any necessary actions.
In service the process run on the same thread but intent service the process work on a new
basic Service vs IntentService. worker thread
using startActivityForResult(). we can define genric contacts or Custom contract. Custom
Contact has two functions -
1. createIntent() -> which takes content and inout a a parameter.
Low Priority how new intent result Api works official doc 2. parseIntent() -> get out , parse and return the data needed back to activity

Low Priority How can two distinct Android apps interact? https://developer.android.com/training/basics/intents
Low Priority Is it possible to run an Android app in multiple processes? How? https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6567768/how-can-an-android-application-have-more-than-one-process
Low Priority What is AIDL? Enumerate the steps in creating a bounded service through AIDL. https://developer.android.com/guide/components/aidl
basic What can you use for background processing in Android? https://developer.android.com/guide/background
A content provider is an application component used as a central database for all the apps
https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/providers/content-provider-basics the device to perform operations:
basic What is a ContentProvider and what is it typically used for? https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/providers/content-providers 1. ex contacts in android
How to run parallel tasks in Java or Android, and get callback when all complete? https://amitshekhar.me/blog/long-running-tasks-in-parallel-with-kotlin-flow
Too much load on the UI thread:
1. Input dispatching timeout - no response within 5 sec to user inputs
What is ANR? How can the ANR be prevented? https://developer.android.com/topic/performance/vitals/anr 2. Unable to start service/forground service in 5 secs
Explain Looper, Handler and HandlerThread.
How do you handle bitmaps in Android as it takes too much memory https://developer.android.com/topic/performance/graphics/manage-memory
Memory leak:-Failure to release unused objects from the memory

Android Memory Leak and Garbage Collection

Bitmap - resourse intensive, better for illustrations and gradients
Bitmap vs 9-patch image 9-patch- consume less resource, can scale, used for UI elements like button and bg
Tell about the Bitmap pool https://amitshekhar.me/blog/bitmap-pool
How to persist data in an Android app?
What is ORM? How does it work?
How would you preserve Activity state during a screen rotation? https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3915952/how-to-save-state-during-orientation-change-in-android-if-the-state-is-made-of-m

1. let - perform operation on non null objects

- last line of lamba expression is return
2. run - used for both null and non null
- last line is returned.
scope is the scoper of the object
3. with - scope is the object itself.
- last is line is returned
4. apply - return object itself. scope is this(object)
Explain Scoped Storage in Android. 5. also - return type is object itself
How to encrypt data in Android?
What is commit() and apply() in SharedPreferences?
Spannable and Spannable String
How to implement Dark mode in any application?
How to generate dynamic colors based in image?
Explain about Density Independence Pixel
What is the onTrimMemory() method? https://developer.android.com/topic/performance/memory
How do you find memory leaks in Android applications?
How to reduce battery usage in an android application?
What is Doze? What about App Standby? https://developer.android.com/training/monitoring-device-state/doze-standby
How do you support different types of resolutions? https://developer.android.com/training/multiscreen/screensizes
What are the different protection levels in permission?
What is the NDK and why is it useful? https://amitshekhar.me/blog/ndk-and-renderscript
What is renderscript? https://amitshekhar.me/blog/ndk-and-renderscript
What is the Dalvik Virtual Machine?
What is the difference JVM, DVM and ART?
What are the differences between Dalvik and ART?
What is DEX? https://developer.android.com/reference/dalvik/system/DexFile
Can you manually call the Garbage collector? https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15632734/can-we-call-the-garbage-collector-explicitly

What are Android Architecture Components?

What is LiveData in Android?
How LiveData is different from ObservableField?
What is the difference between setValue and postValue in LiveData?
How to share ViewModel between Fragments in Android
Explain Work Manager in Android.
Use-cases of WorkManager in Android.
How ViewModel work internally?
Why Bundle class is used for data passing and why cannot we use simple Map data structure? https://developer.android.com/guide/components/activities/parcelables-and-bundles
How do you troubleshoot a crashing application? https://developer.android.com/topic/performance/vitals/crash
Explain Android notification system?
HashMap, ArrayMap and SparseArray
How to handle multi-touch in android?
What is the support library? Why was it introduced?
How to check if Software keyboard is visible or not?
How to take screenshot in Android programmatically?
Explain OkHttp Interceptor https://amitshekhar.me/blog/okhttp-interceptor
OkHttp - HTTP Caching https://amitshekhar.me/blog/caching-with-okhttp-interceptor-and-retrofit
FlatMap Vs Map Operator https://amitshekhar.me/blog/rxjava-map-vs-flatmap
https://amitshekhar.me/blog/android-image-loading-library-optimize-memory-usage
https://amitshekhar.me/blog/android-image-loading-library-use-bitmap-pool-for-responsive-ui
How The Android Image Loading Library Glide and Fresco Works? https://amitshekhar.me/blog/android-image-loading-library-solve-the-slow-loading-issue
Why do we use the Dependency Injection Framework like Dagger in Android?
How does the Dagger work?
What is Component in Dagger?
What is Module in Dagger?
What is Multipart Request in Networking?
What is Flow in Kotlin? https://amitshekhar.me/blog/flow-api-in-kotlin
Describe MVP.
Describe MVVM. https://amitshekhar.me/blog/mvvm-architecture-android
Describe MVI
Describe the repository pattern
Tell something about clean code

Design Uber App. https://github.com/amitshekhariitbhu/ridesharing-uber-lyft-app

Design Facebook App.
Design Facebook Near-By Friends App.
Design WhatsApp.
Design SnapChat.
Design problems based on location based app.
How to build offline-first app? Explain the architecture.
Design LRU Cache.
Design File Downloader https://github.com/amitshekhariitbhu/PRDownloader
https://amitshekhar.me/blog/android-image-loading-library-optimize-memory-usage
https://amitshekhar.me/blog/android-image-loading-library-use-bitmap-pool-for-responsive-ui
Design an Image Loading Library https://amitshekhar.me/blog/android-image-loading-library-solve-the-slow-loading-issue
https://amitshekhar.me/blog/http-request-long-polling-websocket-sse
HTTP Request vs HTTP Long-Polling vs WebSockets https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ksWRX4xV-s
How do Voice And Video Call Work? https://amitshekhar.me/blog/voice-and-video-call

What is Espresso? https://developer.android.com/training/testing/ui-testing/espresso-testing.html

http://robolectric.org/
What is Robolectric? https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18271474/robolectric-vs-android-test-framework
What is UI-Automator? https://developer.android.com/training/testing/ui-testing/uiautomator-testing.html
Explain unit test.
Explain instrumented test.
Why Mockito is used? http://site.mockito.org/
Describe JUnit test. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JUnit
Describe code coverage
What is ADB? https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/adb
What is DDMS and what can you do with it? https://developer.android.com/studio/profile/monitor
What is the StrictMode? https://amitshekhar.me/blog/strictmode-in-android-development
What is Lint? What is it used for?
How to measure method execution time in Android?
Can you access your database of SQLite Database for debugging? https://github.com/amitshekhariitbhu/Android-Debug-Database
What is proguard used for?, What are things that we need to take care while using Proguard?
What is Multidex in Android?
How to use Android Studio Memory Profiler?
What is Gradle?
APK Size Reduction.
How can you speed up the Gradle build?
About gradle build system.
About multiple apk for android application.
What is obfuscation? What is it used for? What about minification?
How to change some parameters in an app without app update?

What does the keyword synchronized mean?

What is a ThreadPoolExecutor? https://amitshekhar.me/blog/threadpoolexecutor-in-android
What is volatile modifier?
How does the try{}, catch{}, finally works?
What is transient modifier?
What are anonymous classes?
What is the difference between using == and .equals on an object?
Why would you not call abstract method in constructor? https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15327417/is-it-ok-to-call-abstract-method-from-constructor-in-java
When would you make an object value final?
What are these final, finally and finalize keywords?
What does the static word mean in Java?
How is a StringBuilder implemented to avoid the immutable string allocation problem? https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54023816/how-is-a-stringbuilder-implemented-to-avoid-the-immutable-string-allocation-prob
Difference between StringBuffer and StringBuilder?
Tell some advantages of Kotlin.
How to do lazy initialization of variables in Kotlin? https://amitshekhar.me/blog/lateinit-vs-lazy-in-kotlin
What are companion objects in Kotlin? https://amitshekhar.me/blog/companion-object-in-kotlin
What is the equivalent of Java static methods in Kotlin?
How to create a Singleton class in Kotlin?
Explain the use-case of let, run, with, also, apply in Kotlin.
What is an init block in Kotlin? https://amitshekhar.me/blog/init-block-in-kotlin
How to choose between apply and with?
Coroutine
Concurrency design pattern - callback, future and promises could lead to callbackhell
They are light - more control(pause and resume )
What are Coroutines in Kotlin? - Learn from here Intergrated with flow with ease
What are suspend functions functions that can be pause and resume in later time
What is Coroutine Context & scope? -
Launch vs Async in Kotlin Coroutines both are used launch coroutines - when we need result we use asyn else we use launch
Both return continuation but the later provides the abalilty to cancel suspending function
suspendCoroutine() vs suspendCancellableCoroutine()
WithContext help swtch coroutine to specfied dispatcher
Diff b/w withContext() and lauch - launch create a new coroutine
Job in kotlin a piece of code that can be cancelled
How can you convert a callbased operation to coroutine First we wrap the asyncronus block inside a suspending function and then use suspendCoroutine/suspendCancellableCoroutine
It tells the compiler to put entire function body at places from where it is called
What is inline function in Kotlin? Ideal for functions with smaller body
When to use Kotlin sealed classes?
Explain function literals with receiver in Kotlin?

Tell about Kotlin DSL.

What are higher-order functions in Kotlin? https://amitshekhar.me/blog/higher-order-functions-and-lambdas-in-kotlin
Coroutine Keywords-
1. supervisorScope,
2. launch, .
3.async-await
4. dispatchers, job
5. lifecycleScope, 1.
6. viewModelScope, GlobalScope, 4. Dispatcher determies what thread(s) the coroutine uses - Main, IO, default, unconfined
7. suspendCoroutine,
8. suspendCancellableCoroutine, https://amitshekhar.me/blog/kotlin-coroutines
9. coroutineScope
How do you handle exceptions in coroutine Using CoroutineExceptionHandler class or using try-catch

Flow keywords-> Flow Builder, Operator, Collector, flowOn, dispatchers, Operators such as filter, map, zip,
flatMapConcat, retry, debounce, distinctUntilChanged, flatMapLatest, Terminal operatorsCold Flow vs Hot Flow: Cold
Flow vs Hot Flow, StateFlow, SharedFlow, callbackFlow, channelFlow https://amitshekhar.me/blog/flow-api-in-kotlin
Android Development Best Practices. https://amitshekhar.me/blog/android-development-best-practices
What are the metrics that you should measure continuously while android application development? https://amitshekhar.me/blog/android-app-performance-metrics
How to avoid API keys from check-in into VCS? https://amitshekhar.me/blog/how-does-the-kotlin-multiplatform-work
How to use Memory Heap Dumps data?
How to secure the API keys used in an app?
How to increase the Notification delivery rate?
Can you create transparent activity in Android?
How to show local Notification at an exact time? we can use the alarm manager to start a notification

Const val vs val const val mut be known at compile time. Can only be string or preimitive type. It can only be init in global scope or inside objects
nline keyword a function whole body is passed around
lateinit vs lazy Both allow deferred initialisarion, lateinit is more like differed var and lazy as difered val
How to handle dependencies or abstraction in multi module
basic Multi Module benefits and why use it
Recycled view pools allow multiple RecyclerViews to share a common pool of scrap views.
This can be useful if you have multiple RecyclerViews with adapters that use the same
view types, for example if you have several data sets with the same kinds of item views
basic What is recyclerViewPool displayed by a ViewPager.
OncreateViewHolder
OnbindViewHolder
OnViewAttachedToWindow
Medium What is viewHolderLifecycler https://medium.com/android-news/recyclerview-optimisations-a4b141dd433d OnViewDetachToWindow
What i lint
Leu cache implantation
Systems design question for downloading file(s)
basic what is clean architecture
Kotlin specific
There are two cases:
What will extension function be when converted to kotlin 1. When function is in global scope: new clss is created with same name but kt extra

1.Chatted with interviewer about various technical questions such as http protocol, Android activity life cycles,
general background thread processes. Wrote script to do for modifying a string using bubble sort algorithm.
2. Program to find out rectangular overlap
3. you have to find minimum number of the given range that is not present in the array
4.How can you arrange an array of 0s and 1s without using an additional variable/memory?
5. Write code for 3 sorting algorithms
6. was asked to add and remove elements from a heap
7. 2d array island problem

No Idea inmobi