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Transistors

Transistors are semiconductor devices that function as switches and amplifiers, controlling the flow of electronic signals. They come in two main types: Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT) and Field Effect Transistors (FET), each with distinct terminal configurations and applications. Transistors are essential in various electronic systems, including audio amplifiers and digital circuits, playing a crucial role in modern technology.

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13 views2 pages

Transistors

Transistors are semiconductor devices that function as switches and amplifiers, controlling the flow of electronic signals. They come in two main types: Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT) and Field Effect Transistors (FET), each with distinct terminal configurations and applications. Transistors are essential in various electronic systems, including audio amplifiers and digital circuits, playing a crucial role in modern technology.

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Nama : Riski Siswatama

Class : IL-2A
NIM/ Num. : 4.32.22.0.21
Transistor
A transistor is a type of semiconductor device that can be used to conduct and insulate
electric current or voltage. A transistor basically acts as a switch and an amplifier. In simple
words, we can say that a transistor is a miniature device that is used to control or regulate the
flow of electronic signals.
There are mainly two types of transistors, based on how they are used in a circuit. They
are:
1. Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)
The three terminals of BJT are the base, emitter, and collector. A very small
current flowing between the base and emitter can control a larger flow of current
between the collector and emitter terminal.
Furthermore, there are two types of BJT, and they include:
 P-N-P Transistor: It is a type of BJT where one n-type material is introduced
or placed between two p-type materials. In such a configuration, the device
will control the flow of current.
 N-P-N Transistor: In this transistor, we will find one p-type material that is
present between two n-type materials. N-P-N transistor is basically used to
amplify weak signals to strong signals.
2. Field Effect Transistor (FET)
For FET, the three terminals are Gate, Source and Drain. The voltage at the gate
terminal can control a current between the source and the drain. FET is a unipolar
transistor in which N-channel FET or P-channel FET are used for conduction. The
main applications of FETs are in low noise amplifiers, buffer amplifiers and analogue
switches.
Transistors are semiconductor devices, and their material composition plays a critical role
in determining their performance characteristics and applications. Here are some of the key
materials used in transistor manufacturing:
1. Silicon (Si)
2. Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)
3. Gallium Nitride (GaN)
4. Germanium (Ge)
The function of a transistor is pivotal in electronic circuits, as it serves two primary
purposes: amplification and switching. Here's a breakdown of these functions:
1. Amplification: Transistors are widely used for signal amplification. In amplification
circuits, a small input signal applied to the transistor's input terminal controls a much
larger output signal. This amplification process occurs due to the transistor's ability to
modulate the flow of current or voltage between its terminals.
2. Switching: Transistors also function as switches, controlling the flow of current or
voltage based on input signals. This switching action is vital in digital electronics for
creating digital logic gates, memory elements, and sequential circuits.
Characteristics of the transistor are the plots which can represent the relation between the
current and the voltage of a transistor in a particular configuration.
There are three types of characteristics.
 Input characteristics: It will give us the details about the change in input current with the
variation in input voltage by keeping output voltage constant.
 Output characteristics: It is a plot of output current with output voltage by keeping the
input current constant.
 Current transfer characteristics: This plot shows the variation of the output current with
the input current by keeping the voltage constant.
Transistors find extensive applications across a wide range of electronic systems and
industries due to their versatile functionality. Here are some applications of transistors:
1. Audio amplifiers
2. Radio receivers
3. Televisions
Transistors are foundational components shaping the landscape of modern electronics.
Their diverse types, materials, functions, and applications make them indispensable for
everything from consumer electronics to industrial automation. As we continue to push the
boundaries of technology, transistors remain at the forefront, enabling the digital revolution and
powering the devices that define our interconnected world.

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