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Object Oriented Modeling and

This presentation covers Object Oriented Modeling and key concepts in Distributed Database Management Systems (DDBMS), including classes, attributes, and various techniques for data communication, concurrency control, and recovery. It discusses the importance of encapsulation, data placement strategies, and recovery mechanisms to maintain data integrity and performance in distributed systems. Additionally, it explains locking mechanisms and the two-phase locking protocol for managing concurrent transactions.

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mohitnajkani786
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7 views9 pages

Object Oriented Modeling and

This presentation covers Object Oriented Modeling and key concepts in Distributed Database Management Systems (DDBMS), including classes, attributes, and various techniques for data communication, concurrency control, and recovery. It discusses the importance of encapsulation, data placement strategies, and recovery mechanisms to maintain data integrity and performance in distributed systems. Additionally, it explains locking mechanisms and the two-phase locking protocol for managing concurrent transactions.

Uploaded by

mohitnajkani786
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Object Oriented

Modeling and
DDBMS
This presentation explores Object Oriented Modeling, attributes, and
critical concepts in Distributed Database Management Systems
(DDBMS) including data communication, concurrency control, and
recovery techniques.
Object Oriented Modeling
Concept of Classes
Classes serve as blueprints for creating objects, encapsulating data
and behaviors characteristic of the entities.

Attributes in Classes
Attributes are defined variables within a class that store the state
or properties of an object.

Generalization and Inheritance


Generalization extracts shared characteristics into a more abstract
class, while inheritance allows a subclass to inherit features from
its parent class.
Types of Attributes
Static Attributes
These attributes remain constant for all objects of a class.

Dynamic Attributes
Dynamic attributes can change value across different instances.

Derived Attributes
Derived attributes are calculated from other attributes.
Aggregation and Composition

Aggregation Composition
Relationship Relationship
A 'has-a' relationship where A stronger form where parts
one class includes parts that cannot exist without the whole
can exist independently. class.
Encapsulation in OOP
Data Hiding Access Interface
Encapsulation Modifiers Implementat
restricts direct These define the ion
access to some of visibility of class Interfaces allow
a class's members. classes to define
attributes and Common a contract of
methods, modifiers include methods to be
facilitating public, private, implemented,
control over data and protected, promoting
modification and which help abstraction and
protecting object enforce encapsulation in
integrity. encapsulation design.
principles.
Distributed Database Design
Data Communication
Concept
Communication among distributed
database systems occurs through
various protocols, facilitating data
Architecture of DDBMS exchange and query processing
across networks.
A DDBMS is designed to
manage distributed data
across physical locations,
providing seamless access
while maintaining data Data Placement Strategies
consistency and integrity.
Effective strategies for placing data
across locations impact
performance and accessibility,
including considerations of data
locality, replication, and
partitioning.
Concurrency Control Techniques

Need for Concurrency Locking Mechanisms Optimistic and


Control These are techniques to control Pessimistic Concurrency
In distributed systems, multiple access to data. Two-phase locking Pessimistic approaches assume
transactions may attempt to ( PL) is a common method that conflicts will occur and prevent
access the same data ensures serializability by concurrent access, whereas
concurrently, necessitating acquiring locks before operations optimistic approaches assume
mechanisms to ensure data and releasing them afterward. conflicts are rare and validate
integrity and prevent conflicts. transactions only before commit.
Recovery and Transaction Management
Recovery Techniques
Common techniques include
logging, checkpointing, and
shadowing, each providing
methods for restoring data to a
Need for Recovery consistent state post-failure.
Recovery mechanisms are
critical to mitigate data loss in
case of failures, ensuring data
consistency and durability in
Serializability
transactions.
Ensures that a schedule of
concurrent transactions results in a
system state that could be
achieved by executing transactions
sequentially, preserving database
consistency.
Two-Phase Locking ( PL)

Phases of PL Types of PL Advantages of PL


The protocol consists of two There are two varieties—strict PL This method simplifies analysis of
phases—growing (acquiring and basic PL, each offering transaction schedules and
locks) and shrinking (releasing different locking behaviors. guarantees serializability.
locks).

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