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Control Systems I Exam Solutions

The document outlines key concepts in control systems, including definitions, types (open-loop and closed-loop), and components such as sensors and controllers. It discusses system responses, transfer functions, and applications in various fields like domestic environments, transportation, and renewable energy. Additionally, it covers specific devices like LVDTs and strain gauges, along with test signals used in control system analysis.

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35 views3 pages

Control Systems I Exam Solutions

The document outlines key concepts in control systems, including definitions, types (open-loop and closed-loop), and components such as sensors and controllers. It discusses system responses, transfer functions, and applications in various fields like domestic environments, transportation, and renewable energy. Additionally, it covers specific devices like LVDTs and strain gauges, along with test signals used in control system analysis.

Uploaded by

xf925zkn28
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Control System I (MCE 214) - Exam

Solutions
QUESTION 1
a. Define a control system:
A control system is a set of devices or mechanisms that manage, command, direct, or
regulate the behavior of other devices or systems to achieve a desired output. It operates by
receiving inputs, processing them, and producing outputs that influence the system's
behavior.

b. Types of Control Systems Based on System Dynamics:


1. Open-Loop Control System: Operates without feedback. Example: A washing machine
running on a preset timer.
2. Closed-Loop Control System: Utilizes feedback to compare actual and desired outputs.
Example: Thermostat-controlled heating.

c. Block Diagram of a Closed-Loop Control System:


Includes: Reference Input, Controller, Actuator, Plant, Sensor, Feedback Path.
Diagram Description:
R -> Error -> Controller -> Actuator -> Plant -> Output -> Feedback via Sensor -> compared
with R.

QUESTION 2
a. Rise Time, Overshoot, Settling Time:
- Rise Time (Tr): Time from 10% to 90% of final value.
- Overshoot (Mp): How much output exceeds final value.
- Settling Time (Ts): Time for system to remain within 2-5% of final value.

b. Operation of LVDT:
LVDT converts linear displacement into an electrical signal using primary and secondary
coils with a movable core.
Advantages: High sensitivity, no friction, durability.

c. Resistive vs. Inductive Potentiometers:


- Resistive: Uses contact-based sliding; simple but wears out.
- Inductive: Uses inductance; non-contact, more durable.
QUESTION 3
a. System Response:
Reaction of a system over time to an input, including transient and steady-state
components.

b. RC Circuit System Response:


- Transient and steady-state responses.
- Transfer Function: Vout(s)/Vin(s) = 1/(RCs + 1)

c. Mathematical Modeling of Fluid Systems:


Analogies: Pressure ~ Voltage, Flow ~ Current.
Model includes resistance (friction), capacitance (tank storage).
Uses differential equations and Laplace transform for transfer function.

QUESTION 4
a. Transfer Function:
Laplace output/input ratio assuming zero initial conditions. Characterizes system behavior.

b. Mass-Spring-Damper System:
Given: m = 1kg, c = 0.5 Ns/m, k = 2 N/m
Transfer Function: X(s)/F(s) = 1/(s^2 + 0.5s + 2)

c. Expression for P = 1/(C/g1 + q2):


As q2 approaches 0, denominator increases, P decreases – indicates reduced performance
or stagnation.

QUESTION 5
a. Electrical RLC Circuit Transfer Function:
Given: R = 2Ω, L = 1H, C = 0.5F
Transfer Function: Vout(s)/Vin(s) = 1/(0.5s^2 + 2s + 1)

b. Block Diagram of Closed-Loop System:


Components: Sensor, Controller, Actuator, Plant.
Functions:
- Sensor: Converts physical signal to electrical.
- Controller: Computes control action.
- Actuator: Executes control signal.
- Plant: Main process being controlled.
QUESTION 6
a. Functions of Components:
- Strain Gauges: Measure mechanical strain.
- Thermocouples & RTDs: Measure temperature.
- Magnetic Amplifiers: Control using magnetic field.
- Photo Devices: Detect light changes.
- Tachogenerator: Measures rotational speed.

b. Test Signals:
- Step: Sudden change to constant value.
- Ramp: Linear increase.
- Impulse: Short duration, high amplitude.
- Parabolic: Quadratic time function.
- Sinusoidal: Periodic wave.

QUESTION 7
a. Control Systems in Domestic Applications:
Used in smart thermostats, lighting, energy monitors.
They reduce consumption and improve comfort.

b. Importance in Transportation:
Used in ABS, cruise control, traffic management, rail systems.

c. Renewable Energy Integration:


Ensure grid stability, manage storage, predict loads.

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