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Applied III Ws II

The document contains exercises for Math 2042: Applied Mathematics III, focusing on second order ordinary differential equations. It includes problems on linear combinations of solutions, linear dependence, general solutions, reduction of order, undetermined coefficients, variation of parameters, Euler Cauchy equations, systems of differential equations, and initial value problems. Each section presents specific equations and tasks for students to solve.

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El Egnou
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12 views2 pages

Applied III Ws II

The document contains exercises for Math 2042: Applied Mathematics III, focusing on second order ordinary differential equations. It includes problems on linear combinations of solutions, linear dependence, general solutions, reduction of order, undetermined coefficients, variation of parameters, Euler Cauchy equations, systems of differential equations, and initial value problems. Each section presents specific equations and tasks for students to solve.

Uploaded by

El Egnou
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Addis Ababa University

College of Natural and Computational Science


Department of Mathematics
Math 2042: Applied Mathematics III (2024/25 Academic Year Semester II)
Exercises on Second order Ordinary ODEs.

1. If y1 (x) and y2 (x) are solutions of a homogeneous second order linear ordinary differential equation
y”+f (x)y 0 +g(x)y = 0, then show that a linear combination y(x) = c1 y1 (x)+c2 y2 (x) is a solution.

2. Are the following pair of functions linearly dependent or independent on the given interval?

(a) y1 (x) = x, y2 (x) = x2 (0 < x < 1)


(b) y1 (x) = cosx, y2 (x) = sinx (x > 0)
(c) y1 (x) = x + 2, y2 (x) = x − 1 (−∞ < x < ∞)
(d) y1 (x) = lnx, y2 (x) = lnx3 (x > 0)
(e) y1 (x) = sin(nx), y2 (x) = sin(mx), n 6= m (0 < x < 2π), where n, m are positive integers.
(f) y1 (x) = ex , y2 (x) = e−x (−∞ < x < ∞)

3. Find a general solution involving real valued functions of the following homogeneous linear second
order differential equations with constant coefficients.

(a) y 00 + (a + b)y 0 + aby = 0 (d) 6y 00 + 7y 0 − 20y = 0


(b) 2y 00 − y 0 − y = 0 (e) y 00 − 6y 0 + 13y = 0
(c) 25y 00 − 10y 0 + y = 0 (f) y 00 + y 0 − 6y = 0

4. Solve the following differential equations by reduction order

(a) xy 00 + 2y 0 = x2 − 1 (b) 2yy 00 − (y 0 )2 = 1

5. Find the second solution of the following differential equations with one solution is given.

(a) x2 y 00 − xy 0 + y = 0 on I = (0, ∞); y1 (x) = x.


(b) (x − 1)y 00 − xy 0 + y = 0, x > 1; y1 (x) = ex .
(c) x2 y 00 − 5xy 0 + 8y = 4x2 ; y1 (x) = x2 .
(d) x2 y 00 − x(2x − 1)y 0 + (x2 − x − 1)y = x2 ex ; y1 (x) = xex .
√
(e) 4xy 00 + 2y 0 + y = 0; y1 (x) = sin x.
(f) 2x2 y 00 + xy 0 − 3y = 0, x > 0; y1 (x) = x−1

6. Find a general solution of each of the following differential equations by the method of undetermined
coefficients.

(a) y 00 − 2y 0 + y = ex (f) y 00 − y 0 = 10x2


(b) y 00 + a2 y = sinax (g) y 00 − 2y 0 − 8y = 4e2x − 21e3x
(c) y 00 − 5y 0 + 6y = sinx + cosx (h) y 00 − 4y 0 + 4y = e2x + x3 + cos2x
(d) y 00 − 2y 0 + y = xex sinx (i) y 00 − 4y 0 + 3y = 2xe3x + 3ex cos2x
(e) y 00 − 4y = xsin4x (j) y 00 − 4y + 4y = 8(e2x + sin2x + x2 )

1
7. Solve the following differential equations by using the method of variation of parameters.

(a) y 00 + 4y = 4sec2 2x (d) y 00 + a2 y = secax


(b) y 00 − 3y 0 + 2y = 4ex (e) y 00 − 2y 0 + y = xex
(c) y 00 + 4y = tan2x (f) y 00 + y = csc2 x

8. Solve the following differential equations. [Begin by solving the Euler Cauchy form of homogeneous
equations.]

(a) 4x2y 00 − 4xy 0 + 3y = 0


(b) x3 y 00 + 2x2 y 0 + 2y = 10(x + x1 )
(c) x2 y 00 − xy 0 − 3y = x2 lnx
(d) x2 y 00 + xy + y = lnxsin(lnx)
(e) (3x + 2)2 y 00 + 3(3x + 2)y 0 − 36y = 3x2 + 4x + 1
(f) (1 + x)2 y 00 + (1 + x)y 0 + y = 4cos(ln(1 + x))

9. Solve the following systems of differential equations (where ẋ = dy


dt
, ẏ = dy
dt
).
( (
ẋ = x − 2y ẋ = x + y + 5cost
(a) (c)
ẏ = 2x + y ẏ = 3x − y − 5sint
( (
ẋ = 3x + 5y ẋ = x + 2y + 2e4t
(b) (d)
ẏ = x + 2y ẏ = 2x + y + e4t

10. Solve the following initial value problems.

(a) y 00 − 3y 0 + 2y = 0; y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 0


(b) y 00 − 4y 0 + 3y = 9x2 + 4; y(0) = 6, y 0 (0) = 8
(c) y 00 − y 0 − 6y = 8e2x − 5e3x ; y(0) = 3, y 0 (0) = 5
(d) y 00 + y = 3x2 − 4sinx; y(0) = 0, y 0 (0) = 1
(e) y 00 − y = 3x2 ex ; y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 2
(f) y 00 − 4y 0 + 13y = 8sin3x; y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = 2
(g) x2 y 00 + xy 0 − y = x2 + 1; y(1) = 2, y 0 (1) = −3
(
ẋ = 3x − 4y + 20cost
(h) ; x(0) = 0, y(0) = 8
ẏ = x − 2y

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