Smart Sound-Activated LED Control with

Bluetooth Override for Smart Home

Applications
Team Members:
- Pragna Narisetty (24071A0442)
- N. P. Shiva Saketh Reddy (24071A0443)
- Katragadda Ohas Chowdary (24071A0444)
- Mopal Ashritha (24071A0439)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter

Abstract

List of Tables

List of Figures

Chapter-1: Introduction

Chapter-2: Method

Chapter-3: Results and Discussions

Chapter-4: Applications and Future Scope

References

ABSTRACT
This project is a practical implementation of smart home automation using an Arduino-
based LED control system triggered by sound. The novelty lies in integrating a Bluetooth-
based confirmation mechanism to enhance reliability and safety. A 555 Timer (monostable)
responds to input from a sound sensor and communicates with an Arduino UNO, which
awaits a Bluetooth signal from a mobile device for validation before activating the LED. This
hybrid analog-digital design enables energy efficiency, accessibility, and interactive control
—key aspects of smart living. The system mimics basic human-machine interaction with
sound-based commands and digital approval, aligning with modern IoT trends.
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1: Specifications of Core Components
Table 2.2: Bluetooth Commands and Functionality
Table 3.1: Output Behavior Under Varying Sound Levels

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1: Block Diagram of the Proposed System
Figure 2.2: Schematic Circuit of the Sound Trigger and Timer
Figure 2.3: Bluetooth Flowchart for Mobile Confirmation
Figure 3.1: Prototype Implementation Snapshot

CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION
The concept of smart homes revolves around enhancing comfort, energy efficiency, and
security through automation. Devices such as lights, fans, and appliances are controlled
using sensors, mobile apps, and voice commands. Our project contributes to this domain by
introducing a sound-activated LED control system with an added layer of Bluetooth
confirmation for security and accuracy.

Objectives:
- Develop a reliable sound-based LED control circuit.
- Integrate mobile-based confirmation to avoid accidental activation.
- Promote affordable smart home solutions for real-world applications.

Relevance to Smart Homes:

- Hands-free control for elderly or differently-abled individuals.
- Cost-effective automation without needing constant internet access.
- Energy conservation by preventing unnecessary appliance usage.
- User-centric control blending traditional triggering (clap) with digital logic.

CHAPTER-2: METHOD
Block Diagram Components:
1. Sound Sensor: Detects acoustic pulses like claps.
2. 555 Timer (Monostable Mode): Generates a timed pulse on sound detection.
3. Arduino UNO: Receives the 555 Timer’s pulse and Bluetooth signal.
4. HC-05 Bluetooth Module: Interfaces Arduino with the mobile app.
5. LED/Relay: Output controlled upon valid sound and confirmation.

Key Features:
- Temporary code upload through USB (no permanent memory use).
- 555 Timer ensures false triggers are minimized.
- Mobile-based override enhances user control.
Component Specifications:
Component | Function | Specs
-----------|----------|-------
555 Timer IC | Pulse Generation | Monostable, 5V
HC-05 Module | Wireless Communication | 3.3V logic, UART
Sound Sensor | Input Detection | Analog Output
Arduino UNO | Logic Control | 16 MHz, USB powered

CHAPTER-3: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Functional Testing:
- Sound detection was reliable within a 1–2 m range.
- Bluetooth override via phone confirmed user control before activation.
- Delay time configured using RC components for a precise LED ON period.

Performance Insights:
- The prototype responded well in typical indoor environments.
- Mobile confirmation ensured security—avoiding false ON during background noise.
- LED ON state remained stable and timed accurately using the 555 Timer output.

Observations:
- The system offers both accessibility and security.
- It showcases a clear fusion of analog electronics and digital microcontroller logic.
- Power consumption was minimal; no dedicated power supply required due to USB input.

CHAPTER-4: APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE

Applications in Smart Homes:
- Automated lighting systems in bedrooms, corridors, and washrooms.
- Noise-activated alerts for home security.
- Mobile-controlled appliances with sound-trigger initiation.
- Energy-saving control for elderly or differently-abled users.

Future Enhancements:
- Integrate a mobile app UI for better control feedback.
- Extend control to multiple appliances (fan, TV, etc.) via relay modules.
- Add voice recognition using AI modules for natural language control.
- Upgrade to Wi-Fi (ESP8266/ESP32) for cloud control and remote access.

Smart Home Integration

Smart Home systems refer to a residence that uses internet-connected devices to enable
remote management and monitoring of systems and appliances such as lighting, heating,
security, and entertainment. The primary objectives of smart homes are convenience,
energy efficiency, security, and accessibility.

Key Features of Smart Homes:

- **Remote Control**: Devices can be controlled from a smartphone or computer.

- **Automation**: Devices can operate autonomously based on time schedules, sensor data,
or machine learning.

- **Integration**: Multiple devices communicate with each other and act as a cohesive
system.

- **Energy Efficiency**: Automated lights and thermostats help reduce energy consumption.

- **Security**: Smart locks, surveillance cameras, and motion detectors enhance home
security.

- **Accessibility**: Smart homes assist elderly or disabled individuals with voice control and
automation.

Common Hardware Components in Smart Homes:

- **Microcontrollers (Arduino, ESP32)**: Central units to control sensors and actuators.

- **Sensors**: Sound, motion, temperature, humidity, gas, etc.

- **Actuators**: LEDs, relays, motors, alarms.

- **Wireless Modules**: HC-05 Bluetooth module, WiFi modules like ESP8266.

- **Mobile Apps**: Interface to send/receive data.

- **Power Supplies**: Battery or mains-powered regulated sources.

- **Communication Interfaces**: UART, I2C, and SPI for sensor integration.

Our project implements a basic Smart Home prototype using sound-based automation and
Bluetooth override. It simulates how a sound (like clapping) can trigger lighting, while also
allowing manual control via a mobile device.
Appendix: Arduino Code

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

// Pin Definitions

const int soundSensorPin = 7;

const int ledPin = 9;

const int timerPin = 8;

SoftwareSerial BTSerial(10, 11); // HC-05 Bluetooth module

bool soundSensorEnabled = true;

bool lastSoundState = LOW;

// Declare sendMessage function first

void sendMessage(String msg) {

Serial.println(msg);

BTSerial.println(msg);

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);

BTSerial.begin(9600);
 pinMode(soundSensorPin, INPUT);

pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);

pinMode(timerPin, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

digitalWrite(timerPin, LOW);

sendMessage("System Initialized. Waiting for commands...");

void loop() {

if (soundSensorEnabled) {

bool currentSoundState = digitalRead(soundSensorPin);

if (currentSoundState != lastSoundState) {

lastSoundState = currentSoundState;

if (currentSoundState == HIGH) {

digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);

digitalWrite(timerPin, HIGH);

sendMessage("Sound detected: LED ON");

} else {

digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

digitalWrite(timerPin, LOW);

sendMessage("No sound: LED OFF");

}
if (BTSerial.available()) {

char command = BTSerial.read();

if (command == '1') {

soundSensorEnabled = false;

digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);

sendMessage("Bluetooth: LED ON (manual)");

else if (command == '0') {

soundSensorEnabled = false;

digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

sendMessage("Bluetooth: LED OFF (manual)");

else if (command == 'e') {

soundSensorEnabled = true;

lastSoundState = !digitalRead(soundSensorPin); // Force recheck

sendMessage("Bluetooth: Sound Sensor ENABLED");

else if (command == 'd') {

soundSensorEnabled = false;

digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

digitalWrite(timerPin, LOW);

sendMessage("Bluetooth: Sound Sensor DISABLED, LED OFF");

else {

sendMessage("Bluetooth: Unknown command");

 }

delay(50);

REFERENCES
1. Arduino UNO Datasheet – Arduino.cc
2. NE555 Timer IC – Texas Instruments Application Notes
3. HC-05 Bluetooth Module Datasheet
4. "Smart Home Systems" – IEEE Spectrum Articles
5. Circuit Digest Tutorials on Sound Sensors and Relay Control
6. IoT-Based Home Automation Projects – Electronics For You Magazine