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Maths Problems

The document is a problem set focused on differential calculus, specifically covering Rolle's theorem, Lagrange's mean value theorem, and Cauchy's mean value theorem. It includes definitions, geometrical interpretations, proofs of applicability for various functions, and exercises to find specific values. The problems are organized into sections, each addressing different aspects of the theorems and their applications.

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14 views2 pages

Maths Problems

The document is a problem set focused on differential calculus, specifically covering Rolle's theorem, Lagrange's mean value theorem, and Cauchy's mean value theorem. It includes definitions, geometrical interpretations, proofs of applicability for various functions, and exercises to find specific values. The problems are organized into sections, each addressing different aspects of the theorems and their applications.

Uploaded by

sudipkghs3
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Problem Set 1: Differential Calculus of Functions of One Variable

Section-1

1. State Rolle’s theorem.


2. Write down the geometrical interpretation of Rolle’s theorem.
3. Prove that Rolle’s theorem is applicable for each of the following functions:
a. 𝑓: [−2,2] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4;
b. 𝑓: [0,4] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 12;
c. 𝑓: [0,2] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥(𝑥 − 2);
d. 𝑓: [−2,2] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4𝑥;
e. 𝑓: [0, 𝜋] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥
f. 𝑓: [0,2] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 + (𝑥 − 1) / ;
Hence in each of these problems given above, find 𝑐 such that 𝑓 (𝑐) = 0.

4. Prove that Rolle’s theorem is not applicable for any of the following functions:
a. 𝑓: [1,3] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 ;
b. 𝑓: [0, 𝜋] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = tan 𝑥;
c. 𝑓: [−1,1] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥|;
d. 𝑓: [1,3] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 2) / .

5. Check whether Rolle’s theorem is applicable for each of the following functions:
a. 𝑓: [−2,2] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + |𝑥|;
𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
b. 𝑓: [0,2] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = ;
2, 1 < 𝑥 ≤ 2
c. 𝑓: [0,2] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 ;
d. 𝑓: [− , ] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = cos 𝑥;
6. Let 𝑎 , 𝑎 , … , 𝑎 be constants such that
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝑎 + + +⋯+ =0
2 3 𝑛+1
Prove that there exists a real number 𝑥 ∈ (0,1) such that 𝑎 + 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑎 𝑥 + ⋯ + 𝑎 𝑥 = 0.

Section-2

1. State Lagrange’s mean value theorem.


2. Write down the geometrical interpretation of Lagrange’s mean value theorem.
3. Prove that Lagrange’s mean value theorem is applicable for each of the following functions:
a. 𝑓: [0,3] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 ;
b. 𝑓: [1, 𝑒] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = log 𝑥;
c. 𝑓: [0,3] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 − (𝑥 − 1) / ;
d. 𝑓: [− , ] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = tan 𝑥.
e. 𝑓: [0,2] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 2𝑥;
( ) ( )
Hence in each of these problems given above, find 𝑐 such that 𝑓 (𝑐) = .
4. Prove that Lagrange’s mean value theorem is not applicable for any of the following functions:
a. 𝑓: [−1,1] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥|;
b. 𝑓: [0,3] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 2) / ;
c. 𝑓: [−2,3] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + |𝑥|;
1, when 𝑥 ≥ 1
d. 𝑓: [0,3] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) =
0, when 𝑥 < 1

5. Check whether Lagrange’s mean value theorem is applicable for each of the following
functions:
a. 𝑓: [0,4] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 1|;
b. 𝑓: [0,3] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 4.

6. Let 𝑓: [𝑎, 𝑏] → R be such that 𝑓 (𝑥) = 0 at each point in (𝑎, 𝑏). Prove that 𝑓 is constant in
[𝑎, 𝑏].

7. a) Let 𝑓: [𝑎, 𝑏] → R be such that 𝑓 (𝑥) ≥ 0 at each point in (𝑎, 𝑏). Prove that 𝑓 is monotonically
increasing in [𝑎, 𝑏].
b) Show that the function 𝑓: [1,4] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3𝑥 is an increasing function.
c) Show that the function 𝑓: [−1,2] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 4 is an increasing
function.

8. a) Let 𝑓: [𝑎, 𝑏] → R be such that 𝑓 (𝑥) ≤ 0 at each point in (𝑎, 𝑏). Prove that 𝑓 is monotonically
decreasing in [𝑎, 𝑏].
b) Show that the function 𝑓: [−1,1] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3𝑥 is a decreasing function.
c) Show that the function 𝑓: [1,3] → R defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 9𝑥 − 2 is a decreasing
function.

9. a) Let 𝑓: [−4,4] → R be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 12𝑥. Find the values of 𝑥 ∈ [−4,4] for which
𝑓 is increasing and the values of 𝑥 ∈ [−4,4] for which 𝑓 is decreasing.
b) Prove that sin 𝑥 ≤ 𝑥 for all 𝑥 ≥ 0.
c) Prove that ≤ log(1 + 𝑥) for all 𝑥 ≥ 0.

Section-3

1. State Cauchy’s mean value theorem.


2. Check whether Cauchy’s mean value theorem is applicable for each of the following functions:
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 , 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 on [1,2]
b) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥, 𝑔(𝑥) = cos 𝑥 on [−𝜋/2,0]
c) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 , 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 on [−1,1]
d) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 on [0, 𝜋]

For problems given above for which Cauchy’s mean value theorem is applicable, find 𝑐 such that
( ) ( ) ( )
= ( )
.
( ) ( )

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