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Lab.3_Computer Graphics

The document outlines a computer graphics lab exercise involving the animation of two cubes, where one cube moves in a square path around a stationary cube while also rotating at each corner. It also describes the animation of a sphere moving in a circular path using sine and cosine functions, with a loop to automate keyframe insertion for smooth movement. Additionally, it includes tasks for creating a moon orbiting a planet and multiple planets moving at different speeds while rotating on their axes.

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2 views

Lab.3_Computer Graphics

The document outlines a computer graphics lab exercise involving the animation of two cubes, where one cube moves in a square path around a stationary cube while also rotating at each corner. It also describes the animation of a sphere moving in a circular path using sine and cosine functions, with a loop to automate keyframe insertion for smooth movement. Additionally, it includes tasks for creating a moon orbiting a planet and multiple planets moving at different speeds while rotating on their axes.

Uploaded by

vohev62095
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer

Graphics
Lab.3

Animate a Cube Moving Around Another Cube


• The first cube stays at (0, 0, 0).
• The second cube moves in a square (10 units per side) over 200 frames.
o The positions are chosen to create a
symmetrical and closed shape
o The Z-coordinate is always 0, so the
cube stays in the XY plane.

The cube starts at (10, 0, 0)


The cube moves in this order:
▪ Left: From (10, 0, 0) to (0, -10, 0)
▪ Up: From (0, -10, 0) to (-10, 0, 0)
▪ Right: From (-10, 0, 0) to (0, 10, 0)
▪ Back to Start: F(0, 10, 0) to (10, 0, 0)

Start

Code:

import bpy
bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_cube_add()
bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_cube_add()
c = bpy.context.active_object

c.location = (10, 0, 0) # Set initial position


c.keyframe_insert("location", frame=1)

c.location = (0, -10, 0) # Move the cube Left


c.keyframe_insert("location", frame=50)

c.location = (-10, 0, 0) # Move the cube Up


c.keyframe_insert("location", frame=100)

c.location = (0, 10, 0) # Move the cube Right


c.keyframe_insert("location", frame=150)

c.location = (10, 0, 0) # Move back to the original


c.keyframe_insert("location", frame=200)
Add a rotation animation along with the movement
In this version, the cube rotates 90° at each corner to enhance the animation.
• c.rotation_euler.z = math.radians(X) is used to set rotation at different frames.
• c.keyframe_insert("rotation_euler", frame=X) is added to store rotation at each
frame.

Code:

import bpy
import math

# Create two cubes: One stationary, one moving


bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_cube_add()
bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_cube_add()
c = bpy.context.active_object # Moving cube

# Initial position and rotation (Frame 1)


c.location = (10, 0, 0)
c.rotation_euler.z = math.radians(0)
c.keyframe_insert("location", frame=1)
c.keyframe_insert("rotation_euler", frame=1)

# Move Left (Frame 50)


c.location = (0, -10, 0)
c.rotation_euler.z = math.radians(90)
c.keyframe_insert("location", frame=50)
c.keyframe_insert("rotation_euler", frame=50)

# Move Up (Frame 100)


c.location = (-10, 0, 0)
c.rotation_euler.z = math.radians(180)
c.keyframe_insert("location", frame=100)
c.keyframe_insert("rotation_euler", frame=100)

# Move Right (Frame 150)


c.location = (0, 10, 0)
c.rotation_euler.z = math.radians(270)
c.keyframe_insert("location", frame=150)
c.keyframe_insert("rotation_euler", frame=150)

# Return to start (Frame 200)


c.location = (10, 0, 0)
c.rotation_euler.z = math.radians(360)
c.keyframe_insert("location", frame=200)
c.keyframe_insert("rotation_euler", frame=200)
Animating a Sphere in a Circular Path
In a unit circle, any point on the circle can be
represented using sine and cosine.

𝒙 = 𝒓 ∙ 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝜽)
𝒚 = 𝒓 ∙ 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝜽)

𝒑(𝒙, 𝒚) = (𝒓 ∙ 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝜽) , 𝒓 ∙ 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝜽))

where:
• 𝒓 is the radius of the circle.
• 𝜽 is the current angle in radians.
• (𝒙, 𝒚) are the coordinates of the object on the circle.

We calculate the x, y coordinates values based on the radius (which is a constant) and 𝜽
So, as angle(𝜽) increases, the x, y coordinates move smoothly around the circle.

We need to update the sphere’s position multiple times to create movement.


• Instead of manually setting keyframes at every step, we use a loop to automate the
process.
• The loop iterates from 0 to 2π (one full circle), calculating new positions at each step.

Steps to Implement the Solution


Initializing Animation Variables
1. Angle
o The angle determines the current position of the sphere along the circular
path.
o It starts at 0 (which is the rightmost point of the circle).
o The angle increases step by step to move the sphere along the circular path.
2. Radius
o The radius defines the size of the circular path.
o A larger radius means a bigger circle, while a smaller radius means a tighter
loop.
3. Frame
o The frame number controls when a position is recorded in Blender’s
timeline.
o The animation starts at frame 0, and we increase frame number over time to
control animation speed.

Move the Sphere in a Circular Path: Use a while loop to update the sphere’s position in a
circle.
o Compute the new (x, y) coordinates using cosine & sine functions.
o Insert a keyframe at each step for animation.
o Increase angle to move the sphere forward in the circular path.
o Increase f to control the animation speed.
Full Code:
import bpy
import math

bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_uv_sphere_add()
planet = bpy.context.active_object

# Step 1: Initialize animation parameters


frame = 0 # Start frame number
angle = 0 # Initial angle (in radians)
radius = 5 # Radius of the circular path

# Step 2: Loop to animate the sphere in a circular motion


while angle <= 2 * math.pi: # Complete one full circle (360 degrees)
x = math.cos(angle) * radius # Compute new X position
y = math.sin(angle) * radius # Compute new Y position

# Step 3: Update sphere location


planet.location.x = x
planet.location.y = y

# Step 4: Insert a keyframe at the current frame


planet.keyframe_insert("location", frame=frame)

# Step 5: Increment angle and frame number


angle += math.radians(40) # Increase angle for the next step
frame += 20 # Move to the next frame

Task.1: First task is to create a moon that orbits (moves in a circular path)
around a planet

Task.2: Create multiple planets that move at different speeds, each rotating on
its axis.

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