ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD,

(department of english)
Course: functional english (9382) Semester: Autumn, 2024
Level: BS
Total Marks: 100 Pass Marks: 50
ASSIGNMENT No. 2

Q#1.write a job application for the post of a teacher in a

school in your area.

Ans. Here is a sample job application for a teacher position:

[Your Name]

[Your Address]

[City, State, ZIP]

[Date]
[Recipient’s Name]

[Recipient’s Title]
[School Name]

[School Address]

[City, State, ZIP]

Dear [Recipient’s Name],

I am writing to express my enthusiastic interest in the Teacher position at [School Name]. As a

dedicated and passionate educator with [number] years of experience, I am confident that I
would be an excellent fit for your school community.

With a strong academic background in [subject area], I possess a deep understanding of the
curriculum and a proven ability to engage students of diverse learning styles and abilities. My
teaching philosophy is centered on creating a supportive and inclusive learning environment
that fosters academic excellence, creativity, and critical thinking.
As a seasoned educator, I have developed a range of effective teaching strategies and
techniques that cater to the unique needs of each student. My expertise includes [list specific
skills or areas of expertise, e.g., lesson planning, classroom management, technology
integration]. I am committed to ongoing professional development and stay up-to-date with the
latest research and best practices in education.
I am particularly drawn to [School Name] because of its [reputation, mission, or values that
resonate with you]. As an educator, I believe that it is essential to create a learning environment
that is not only academically rigorous but also nurturing and supportive. I am excited about the
prospect of joining a community of educators who share my passion for teaching and learning.

I have attached my resume, which provides further details about my qualifications and
experience. I would welcome the opportunity to discuss my application and how I can contribute
to the [School Name] community.
Thank you for considering my application.

Sincerely,

[Your Name]

Q # 2. What are your preferences or choices in different things?first make a

choice and then write a preference sentences similar to the one given in the
example.i would rather prefer a chicken tikka,please

Ans. As a Business Assistant, I'll provide neutral and professional preferences. Here
are a few examples:
- Food: I would rather prefer a vegetarian salad, please.
- Drink: I would rather prefer a cup of green tea, please.
- Music: I would rather prefer listening to instrumental music, please.
- Movie: I would rather prefer watching a documentary, please.
- Book: I would rather prefer reading a self-help book, please.
- Travel: I would rather prefer visiting a historical city, please.
- Sport: I would rather prefer watching a tennis match, please.
- Holiday: I would rather prefer spending a quiet weekend at home, please.
Please note that these are neutral preferences and may not reflect personal opinions or
biases.
Q # 3. Describe the structure of a paragraph?
Ans. Business assistant: A paragraph is a unit of writing that consists of a group of sentences
that are related to a single topic or idea. The structure of a paragraph typically includes:
1. Topic Sentence: The first sentence of the paragraph, which introduces the main idea or
topic.
2. Supporting Sentences: The sentences that follow the topic sentence, which provide more
information, examples, or evidence to support the main idea.
3. Linking Words or Phrases: Words or phrases that connect the supporting sentences to
each other and to the topic sentence, such as transition words (e.g., however, additionally,
meanwhile) or conjunctions (e.g., and, but, or).

4. Concluding Sentence: The final sentence of the paragraph, which summarizes the main
idea or provides a final thought.
Here's an example of a paragraph with this structure:

Topic Sentence: The benefits of regular exercise are numerous.

Supporting Sentences: Regular exercise can help reduce stress and anxiety, improve mood,
and increase energy levels. Additionally, exercise can help prevent chronic diseases, such as
heart disease and diabetes.
Linking Words or Phrases: Furthermore, regular physical activity can also improve sleep quality.
Concluding Sentence: Overall, incorporating regular exercise into one's lifestyle can have a
significant impact on both physical and mental health.
Note that not all paragraphs will have all of these elements, and some may have additional
elements, such as examples or quotes. However, this structure provides a general outline for
building a clear and effective paragraph.

Q # 4. Write an essay of 250 words arguing why girls should have equal
opportunities for education.

Ans. Business assistant: Education is a fundamental right that should be accessible to

all individuals, regardless of their gender. Unfortunately, girls in many parts of the world
continue to face significant barriers to education. Denying girls equal opportunities for
education not only hinders their personal growth and development but also perpetuates
poverty, inequality, and social injustice.
Girls' education has numerous benefits, including improved health outcomes, increased
economic productivity, and enhanced civic participation. Educated girls are more likely
to make informed decisions about their lives, including their health, marriage, and
career choices. Moreover, educated girls are more likely to educate their own children,
creating a positive intergenerational impact.
Despite these benefits, girls continue to face numerous obstacles to education,
including poverty, cultural and social norms, and lack of access to educational
resources. In many countries, girls are expected to prioritize domestic chores and
childcare over education, perpetuating a cycle of poverty and inequality.
To address these challenges, governments, civil society organizations, and individuals
must work together to ensure that girls have equal opportunities for education. This
includes increasing access to educational resources, challenging discriminatory social
and cultural norms, and promoting policies and programs that support girls' education.
By investing in girls' education, we can create a more just and equitable society for all.

Q # 5 .Change the narrative of these sentences from direct into indirect 1- he said
I live in Peshawar .2.he said I have visited London twice 3- he said I went to New
York last week .4_ Amjal said I may buy a new car .5.mr Khan said I will give
Jameel a call.

Ans. Business assistant: Here are the indirect speech forms of the given sentences:
1. He said that he lived in Peshawar.
2. He said that he had visited London twice.
3. He said that he had gone to New York the previous week.
4. Amjal said that he might buy a new car.
5. Mr. Khan said that he would give Jameel a call.
Note: In indirect speech, the tense of the verb often changes, and pronouns may also
change to maintain consistency in the narrative.

Q # 6. Describe the personality of your favorite teacher?

Ans. Business assistant: As a Business Assistant, I don't have personal preferences or
experiences, but I can describe the personality traits of an ideal teacher.
My hypothetical favorite teacher would be someone who possesses the following
qualities:
- Passionate: They would be genuinely enthusiastic about the subject they teach,
making it contagious and inspiring for their students.
- Empathetic: They would be able to understand and relate to their students' struggles,
concerns, and emotions, creating a safe and supportive learning environment.
- Patient: They would be willing to take the time to explain complex concepts, answer
questions, and provide individualized attention to ensure that all students grasp the
material.
- Innovative: They would be creative and open to new ideas, incorporating innovative
teaching methods and technologies to keep students engaged and motivated.
- Approachable: They would be friendly, approachable, and willing to listen to students'
feedback, concerns, and suggestions, fostering a positive and inclusive classroom
atmosphere.
- Knowledgeable: They would be experts in their subject area, staying up-to-date with
the latest developments and research, and sharing their expertise with students in a
clear and concise manner.
- Encouraging: They would be supportive and encouraging, providing constructive
feedback and praise to help students build confidence and develop a growth mindset.
Overall, my hypothetical favorite teacher would be someone who is not only
knowledgeable and passionate about their subject but also cares deeply about their
students' learning, well-being, and success.

Q # 7. Differentiate between main / independent clause and dependent /

subordinating clause.discuss the structural features of both these clause types.

Ans. Business assistant: In English grammar, clauses are groups of words that contain a
subject and a predicate. There are two main types of clauses: independent (or main) clauses
and dependent (or subordinating) clauses.
Independent (Main) Clauses:
An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a predicate, and
expresses a complete thought. It can stand alone as a complete sentence.

Examples:

- I went to the store. (Here, "I" is the subject, and "went to the store" is the predicate.)

- She is studying for her exam. (Here, "She" is the subject, and "is studying for her exam" is the
predicate.)

Structural features of independent clauses:

- They have a subject (noun or pronoun) and a predicate (verb or verb phrase).

- They express a complete thought or idea.

- They can stand alone as a complete sentence.

- They are not dependent on another clause to complete their meaning.

Dependent (Subordinating) Clauses:

A dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a predicate, but does not
express a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a complete sentence and must be
combined with an independent clause to form a complete sentence.

Examples:
- Because I forgot my lunch. (Here, "I" is the subject, and "forgot my lunch" is the predicate, but
the clause does not express a complete thought.)

- Unless she studies harder. (Here, "she" is the subject, and "studies harder" is the predicate,
but the clause does not express a complete thought.)

Structural features of dependent clauses:

- They have a subject (noun or pronoun) and a predicate (verb or verb phrase).

- They do not express a complete thought or idea.

- They cannot stand alone as a complete sentence.

- They must be combined with an independent clause to form a complete sentence.

- They often begin with a subordinating conjunction (such as "because," "unless," "although,"
etc.).

In summary, independent clauses express complete thoughts and can stand alone as complete
sentences, while dependent clauses do not express complete thoughts and must be combined
with independent clauses to form complete sentences.
Q # 8. Discuss the technique of writing a smooth and we'll written narrative elaborate the
pros and cons of narrative writing.

Ans. Business assistant: Narrative writing is a technique used to tell a story or recount an event
in a way that engages the reader. A smooth and well-written narrative can captivate the reader's
attention, convey complex ideas, and evoke emotions.

Techniques for writing a smooth and well-written narrative:

1. Show, don't tell: Instead of telling the reader what happened, show them through descriptive
language and sensory details.

2. Use descriptive language: Use vivid and descriptive language to paint a picture in the
reader's mind.

3. Vary sentence structure: Use a mix of short and long sentences to create a sense of rhythm
and flow.

4. Use active voice: Using active voice makes the writing more engaging and easier to read.

5. Use transitions: Use transitional words and phrases to connect ideas and create a smooth
flow.

6. Use dialogue effectively: Use dialogue to reveal character, advance the plot, and create
tension.

7. Edit and revise: Edit and revise your work to ensure that it is clear, concise, and engaging.

Pros of narrative writing:

1. Engages the reader: Narrative writing can captivate the reader's attention and draw them
into the story.

2. Conveys complex ideas: Narrative writing can be used to convey complex ideas and
themes in a way that is easy to understand.

3. Elicits emotions: Narrative writing can evoke emotions and create a connection between the
reader and the story.

4. Develops critical thinking: Narrative writing can help readers develop critical thinking skills
by analyzing the story and its themes.

5. Improves writing skills: Narrative writing can help writers develop their writing skills,
including descriptive language, dialogue, and plot development.

Cons of narrative writing:

1. Can be subjective: Narrative writing can be subjective, and the writer's perspective may not
be objective.

2. Can be biased: Narrative writing can be biased, and the writer's biases may be reflected in
the story.

3. Can be time-consuming: Narrative writing can be time-consuming, especially if the writer is

trying to create a detailed and engaging story.

4. Can be difficult to organize: Narrative writing can be difficult to organize, especially if the
writer is trying to convey complex ideas or themes.

5. Can be challenging to edit: Narrative writing can be challenging to edit, especially if the
writer is attached to certain scenes or characters.

In conclusion, narrative writing is a powerful technique that can be used to engage the reader,
convey complex ideas, and evoke emotions. However, it also has its challenges, including
subjectivity, bias, time-consuming, difficulty in organization, and editing.