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Highway and Transportation Engineering 2 Exercises

The document outlines the design process for a thick bituminous pavement, detailing parameters such as traffic load, structural modeling, and deformation calculations. It specifies the materials used, their properties, and the optimal thickness for gravel bitumen. Additionally, it includes exercises related to highway engineering and pavement design principles.

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Raoul Youth
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108 views9 pages

Highway and Transportation Engineering 2 Exercises

The document outlines the design process for a thick bituminous pavement, detailing parameters such as traffic load, structural modeling, and deformation calculations. It specifies the materials used, their properties, and the optimal thickness for gravel bitumen. Additionally, it includes exercises related to highway engineering and pavement design principles.

Uploaded by

Raoul Youth
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRACTICE DESIGN OF A THICK BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT

 MJA=500Hw/day with a geometric increase of 2%


 Non-Structural Network Path (VRNS)
 Initial duration 20years
 Cumulated traffic per lane = 3.14xl06
 Calculation risk r = 5%
 Support platform = PF2 E= 50MPa v = 0.35
 Equivalent temperature = 15°C
 Frequency f = 10Hz

Structural modelling
 Heavy traffic: Asphalt concrete surface course 8 cm thick
 H = unknown variable of the problem: thickness of gravel bitumen GB2
BBSG E = 5400 Mpa 𝜈 = 0.35 gummed
GB2 E = 9300 Mpa 𝜈 = 0.35 gummed
Soil surface E = 50 Mpa 𝜈 = 0.35

 Varies the thickness of the structure from 20 cm to 30 cm

1
Calculation of the admissible value of deformation
- Traffic
𝑁𝐸 = 𝑁 × 𝐶𝐴𝑀
𝑁 = 365𝑥𝑀𝐽𝐴 × 𝐶
(𝟏 + 𝝉)𝑷 − 𝟏
𝐶=
𝝉
(𝟏+𝝉)𝑷 −𝟏
Given 𝑁𝐸 = 365𝑥𝑀𝐽𝐴 × × 𝐶𝐴𝑀
𝝉

𝑁𝐸 = 4.345 106 𝐻𝑤

- The average aggressiveness coefficient for VRNS


CAM = 0.5 for GB2
CAM = 1.0 for soil surface

Calculation of the admissible deformation


We therefore deduce
6
𝑁𝐸 = 2.171 × 10 Equivalent axles for gravel asphalt
6
𝑁𝐸 = 4.343 × 10 Equivalent axles for soil

Permissible vertical of the supporting soil surface


For the supporting soil, since it is new work, we retain the relation
𝐸𝑍𝑎𝑑 = 0.012(𝑁𝐸) −0.222
= 0.012(4.343 × 10 6 ) −0.222
𝐸𝑍𝑎𝑑 = 0.000403 = 403 x 10-6

Permissible tensile deformation by gravel bitumen


The relation giving the allowable deformation at the base of the gravel bitumen is as follows:
𝜺𝒕,𝒂𝒅𝒎 = 𝜺(𝑁𝐸, 𝜽𝒆𝒒 , 𝒇) × 𝒌𝒓 × 𝒌𝒄 × 𝒌𝒔
With 𝐾𝑟 = 10−𝜇𝑏𝛿

r = 5%, 𝜇 = −1.645
b = -0.2
2
𝒄 𝟎.𝟓
𝜹 = [𝑺𝑵𝟐 + (𝒃)𝟐 𝑺𝒉𝟐 ]

𝟐 𝟎.𝟓
𝜹 = [𝟎. 𝟑𝟐 + (𝟎.𝟐)𝟐 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟓𝟐 ]

Because the thickness of the gravel bitumen layer is greater than 15 cm and therefore,
𝑆ℎ = 0.025
𝜹 = 0.391

Then 𝐾𝑟 = 10−(−1.645 × 0.2 ×0.391)


𝐾𝑟 = 0.744
𝐾𝑟 = 1.3, Stall coefficient associated with gravel bitumen
𝐾𝑟 = 1.3, Because the layer of gavel bitumen rests on a PF2 type platform

Elongation 𝜺(𝑵𝑬, 𝜽𝒆𝒒 , 𝒇)


𝟎.𝟓
𝐸(10℃) 𝑁𝐸
𝜺(𝑵𝑬𝑩𝑩 , 𝜽𝒆𝒒 , 𝒇) = [ ] × (106 )𝒃 × 𝜺𝟔 (𝟏𝟎°𝑪; 𝟐𝟓𝑯𝒛)
𝑬𝜽𝒆𝒒

With:
𝐸(10℃) = 12300 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜽𝒆𝒒 = 15℃
𝑬𝜽𝒆𝒒 = 9300 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜺𝟔 (𝟏𝟎°𝑪; 𝟐𝟓𝑯𝒛) = 𝟖𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔
Hence:

−𝟎.𝟐
𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝟎.𝟓
𝜺(𝑵𝑬𝑩𝑩 , 𝜽𝒆𝒒 , 𝒇) = (𝟐. 𝟏𝟕𝟏) ×( ) × 𝟖𝟎
𝟗𝟑𝟎𝟎
𝜺(𝑵𝑬𝑩𝑩 , 𝜽𝒆𝒒 , 𝒇) = 𝟕𝟖. 𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝒎

Then we deduce:
𝜀𝑡,𝑎𝑑𝑚 = 𝜺(𝑵𝑬𝑩𝑩 , 𝜽𝒆𝒒 , 𝒇) × 𝑘𝑟 × 𝑘𝑐 × 𝑘𝑠

𝜀𝑡,𝑎𝑑𝑚 = 78.8 × 1.3 × 0.744 × 1⁄1.1


𝜀𝑡,𝑎𝑑𝑚 = 𝟔𝟗. 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝒎

3
Verification with Software:
For Gravel Bitumen

For soil

4
Choosing the optimal thickness
H = 23 cm for gravel bitumen

5
 𝜺𝒕 obtain = 69.2 < 𝜺𝒕,𝒂𝒅𝒎 = 𝟔𝟗. 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝒎
 𝜺𝒛 obtain = 245 < 𝜺𝒁𝒂𝒅 = 403 x 10-6m

Graphic representation

6
EXERCISES

I. Generalities On Highway Engineering


i) Describe the general procedure for the conception and design of a road
project.
ii) Distinguish between a flexible and rigid pavement
iii) State five parameters necessary for pavement design using the French
design
method
iv) State two hypothesis put in place for the design of a pavement
v) State the methods of road pavement design

II. Design of Road Pavement


Thirty days of counting, a weighing station weighed 8915 Heavy weight vehicles
representing
20 394 Simple axles
4 862 Elementary axles in tandem
1953 Elementary axles in tridem
With the distribution of loads given in the table below
Inf(kN) Sup(kN) Nb Simple Nb axles in Nb axles in
axles tandems tridems
10 50 5170 2761 1210
50 100 12936 1870 638
100 150 2112 165 71
150 200 176 66 34

Calculate the individual aggressiveness using the formula:

𝑝 𝛼
𝐴 = 𝑘( )
𝑝0

7
1, 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒
Where 𝑘 = {0.75, 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑚
1.1, 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑚

1) Considering a flexible pavement of load coefficient 𝛼 = 4 , Calculate the CAM


(Average aggressiveness coefficient) of this traffic (𝑃 𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 13𝑇)
2) In course of studies in a similar portion of a road, the average daily traffic in heavy
weight vehicles at the year of service is estimated to 290/day. We suppose a geometric
annual evolution of 5%. Considering a design life span of 25 years? classify the traffic
on this road portion.
In course of studies, it appears the bearing capacity of the foundation soil is
poor to receive the road pavement capable of attaining structural and economic
activities
3) State and describe the various layer of a road pavement
4) State two ways of resolving such a problem
5) What are the various mechanical verification done on a road pavement?

Ill. Design of a thick bituminous pavement


Data: Traffic
 MJA=210Hw/day with a geometric increase of 7%
 Initial duration 20years
 CAM=1
 Cumulated traffic per lane = 3.14xl06
 Calculation risk = 12%
 Support platform = PF3 E= 120MPa v = 0.35
 Equivalent temperature = 15°C
 Frequency f = 10Hz
a) Using the data provided on the road pavement, determine the thicknesses of the
various pavement layers

8
Table. Predesign
E(10°C,10Hz) E(15°C,10Hz) 𝜀 6(10°C,10Hz) b SN
GB Class 3 12300 9300 9xl0-6 -0.2 0.30
BB 7200 5400 150x10-6 -0.2 0.25

Table2. Deformation of bituminous pavement


𝜀𝑝 GB (cm) 17 18 19
𝜀𝑡,𝑎𝑑 Base of GB 89x10-6 84x10-6 79x10-6
𝜀(cm)
𝑧 Soil surface 284x10-6 265x10-6 248x10-6

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