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C Programing Interview Question

The document contains a set of commonly asked C programming interview questions, covering topics such as the smallest executable code, loop types, pre-processor directives, pointers, memory areas, and the differences between C and Java import statements. It also explains concepts like deep copy and shallow copy with examples. Each question is followed by a concise answer, providing essential information for interview preparation.

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4 views12 pages

C Programing Interview Question

The document contains a set of commonly asked C programming interview questions, covering topics such as the smallest executable code, loop types, pre-processor directives, pointers, memory areas, and the differences between C and Java import statements. It also explains concepts like deep copy and shallow copy with examples. Each question is followed by a concise answer, providing essential information for interview preparation.

Uploaded by

deeyxnshi.12345
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Commonly Asked C Programming Interview Questions |

Set 3
Q.1 Write down the smallest executable code? Output
void main()

printf{"hello"}

Q.2 What are entry control and exit control loops?


Ans. C support only 2 loops:
1. Entry Control: This loop is categorized in 2 part
a. while loop
b. for loop
2. Exit control: In this category, there is one type of loop known as
a. do while loop.
Q.3 Why pre-processor directive does not have a semi-colon at last?
Ans. Semi-colon is needed by the compiler and as the name suggests
Preprocessors are programs that process our source code before
compilation. Therefore the semi-colon is not required.
Q.4 What is the difference between including the header file with-in
angular braces < > and double quotes ” “?
Ans. If a header file is included within < > then the compiler searches for the
particular header file only within the built-in include path. If a header file is
included within ” “, then the compiler searches for the particular header file first in
the current working directory, if not found then in the built-in include path.
Q.5 What is the difference between near, far and huge pointers?
Ans. These are some old concepts used in 16 bit Intel architectures in the days of
MS DOS, not much useful anymore.
Near pointer is used to store 16 bit addresses means within current segment on
a 16 bit machine. The limitation is that we can only access 64kb of data at a time.
A far pointer is typically 32 bit that can access memory outside current segment.
To use this, compiler allocates a segment register to store segment address, then
another register to store offset within current segment.
Like far pointer, huge pointer is also typically 32 bit and can access outside
segment. In case of far pointers, a segment is fixed. In far pointer, the segment
part cannot be modified, but in Huge it can be
Near Pointer Far Pointer

It’s size is 2 bytes Its size is 4 bytes

They have the address in


They have the address more than 65535(i.e out of user
between 0-65535(i.e in user
area)
area)

For Example:
Pointers which are used in devices, running program,
simple pointers, which we
i.e to attack on other computers via this far pointers.
normally studied in C and C++

Q.6 Why does “type demotion” does not exist instead of “type
promotion”? Also, it would consume less space resource than by doing it
from type promotion.?
Ans. Let’s take an example to understand it.
Suppose
double a=1.5; int b=10 and we want to calculate a+b
By type demotion, float type a will convert to int. Therefore a=1 and
a+b=1+10=11 but we know that correct answer is 11.5 which will only get by type
promotion. So the conclusion is that by type demotion we will not get the correct
answer.
Q.7 What are stack and heap areas?
1. Heap Area:It is used for the objects allocated dynamically (Using malloc()
and calloc()).
2. Stack Area:It is used to store local variables and arguments of a method.
This stays in memory only till the termination of that particular method.
Please refer stack vs heap memory for details.
Q.8 Difference between #include in C and import in Java?
Ans.
#include import

#include is a statement not


a keyword. While import is a keyword.

It is processed by pre-
It is processed by compiler.
processor software.

It doesn’t increases the size of the code. Here, even if we


write
It increases the size of the
import java.lang.*;
code.
it will not attach all the class. Rather it will give permission
to access the class of java.lang

Q.9 Difference between ++*p, *p++ and *++p?


1) Precedence of prefix ++ and * is same. Associativity of both is right to left.
2) Precedence of postfix ++ is higher than both * and prefix ++. Associativity of
postfix ++ is left to right.
(Refer: Precedence Table)
The expression ++*p has two operators of same precedence, so compiler looks for
associativity. Associativity of operators is right to left. Therefore the expression is
treated as ++(*p). Therefore the output of first program is “arr[0] = 10, arr[1] =
20, *p = 11“.
The expression *p++ is treated as *(p++) as the precedence of postfix ++ is
higher than *. Therefore the output of second program is “arr[0] = 10, arr[1] = 20,
*p = 20“.
The expression *++p has two operators of same precedence, so compiler looks for
associativity. Associativity of operators is right to left. Therefore the expression is
treated as *(++p). Therefore the output of third program is “arr[0] = 10, arr[1] =
20, *p = 20“
Please refer Difference between ++*p, *p++ and *++p for details.
Q.10 Explain Deep Copy and Shallow Copy with examples?
In the following C program, struct variable st1 contains pointer to dynamically
allocated memory. When we assign st1 to st2, str pointer of st2 also start pointing
to same memory location. This kind of copying is called Shallow Copy.
// C program to demonstrate shallow copy
# include <stdio.h>
# include <string.h>
# include <stdlib.h>

struct test
{
char *str;
};

int main()
{
struct test st1, st2;
st1.str = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * 20);

strcpy(st1.str, "GeeksforGeeks");

st2 = st1;
st1.str[0] = 'X';
st1.str[1] = 'Y';

/* Since copy was shallow, both strings are same */


printf("st1's str = %s\n", st1.str);
printf("st2's str = %s\n", st2.str);

return 0;
}
Output
st1's str = XYeksforGeeks
st2's str = XYeksforGeeks
To do Deep Copy, we allocate new memory for dynamically allocated members
and explicitly copy them.
// C program to demonstrate deep copy
# include <stdio.h>
# include <string.h>
# include <stdlib.h>

struct test
{
char *str;
};

int main()
{
struct test st1, st2;
st1.str = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * 20);

strcpy(st1.str, "GeeksforGeeks");

st2 = st1;

// We add extra statements to do deep copy


st2.str = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * 20);
strcpy(st2.str, st1.str);
st1.str[0] = 'X';
st1.str[1] = 'Y';

/* Since copy was deep, both strings are different */


printf("st1's str = %s\n", st1.str);
printf("st2's str = %s\n", st2.str);

return 0;
}
Output
st1's str = XYeksforGeeks
st2's str = GeeksforGeeks

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