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Application Layer Protocols Presentation1

The document presents an overview of the Application Layer in networking, detailing key protocols such as DNS, HTTP, SMTP, and FTP, along with their functions and uses. It compares email retrieval protocols POP3 and IMAP4, highlighting IMAP4's advantages. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of these protocols in providing user-facing services and mentions future trends like HTTP/3 and DNS over HTTPS.

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Mausham kumar Ray
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11 views18 pages

Application Layer Protocols Presentation1

The document presents an overview of the Application Layer in networking, detailing key protocols such as DNS, HTTP, SMTP, and FTP, along with their functions and uses. It compares email retrieval protocols POP3 and IMAP4, highlighting IMAP4's advantages. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of these protocols in providing user-facing services and mentions future trends like HTTP/3 and DNS over HTTPS.

Uploaded by

Mausham kumar Ray
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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APPLICATION LAYER

PROTOCOLS
Understanding Key Protocols & Services
Presented To : Prakash
Presented By: Vivek Sahoo (2022BTCSE028)
Vishal Solanki (2022BTCSE027)
AGENDA

• Introduction to the Application Layer

• Key TCP/IP Application Layer Protocols

• ICMP: Error Reporting & Network Debugging

• SMTP: Email Communication

• POP3 vs. IMAP4: Email Retrieval

• HTTP: Web Communication

• FTP: File Transfer

• DNS: Domain Name System

• Conclusion
WHAT IS THE APPLICATION
LAYER?

• - Interface between users/applications and the network.


- Provides services for data exchange (e.g., HTTP, FTP, DNS).
- Example: Translating user requests into network-compatible
formats.
• In the OSI model, data moves down from the application to
physical layer on the sender’s side, travels across the network,
and then moves up from physical to application layer on the
receiver’s side.
APPLICATION LAYER PROTOCOL
FUNCTIONS
• Establishes consistent rules for data exchange between
applications and services.
• Specifies how messages are structured and what types of
messages are exchanged.
• Defines message dialogues to ensure expected responses
and correct service execution.
COMMON PROTOCOLS & THEIR
USES

• DNS: Resolves internet names to IP addresses (UDP/TCP 53)

• HTTP: Transfers files for web pages (TCP 80)


• SMTP: Transfers mail messages and attachments (TCP 25)
• FTP: Interactive file transfers between systems (TCP 20/21)

• Telnet: Remote access to servers and networking devices (TCP 23)


INTERNET CONTROL MESSAGE
PROTOCOL (ICMP)
• Hosts and gateways use it to send error notifications back to the
sender.
• Used for error reporting and query messages.
• Helpful in network debugging.
• Uses TCP or UDP services; port 7 is used for ping (testing
network connection).
• ICMP messages are packed inside an IP datagram.
• Types of messages - Destination Unreachable, Source Quench,
Time Exceeded, echo request and reply.
SIMPLE MAIL TRANSFER
PROTOCOL (SMTP)

• Uses TCP on port 25

• It is a push protocol. Even when the destination is not interested to


receive the message this push approach of the SMTP makes the
receiver receive the message
• Components: User Agent (UA), Mail Transfer Agent (MTA), MIME for
non-ASCII
EMAIL RETRIEVAL PROTOCOLS:
POP3 VS. IMAP4
POP3

1. It is a pull protocol.

2. It uses the services of TCP on port number 110.

3. POP3 has several drawbacks and hence it is currently not in use.

1. A user cannot have different folders on the server.

2. A user cannot partially check the contents of the mail before


downloading.

3. A user cannot search a mail with a keyword.

4. The user is not allowed to organize the mail on the server.


IMAP 4
To overcome the drawbacks of POP3, IMAP4 is in current use. It provides
the following functions:

1. A user can create, delete or rename mail boxes on the mail server.

2. A user can create a hierarchy of mailboxes in a folder.

3. A user can partially download e-mail.

4. A user can check the e-mail header before downloading and can search
the contents of the e-mail for any specific character prior to downloading.
HYPERTEXT TRANSFER
PROTOCOL (HTTP)

• Uses TCP port 80

• It is a protocol mainly used to access data on the World Wide Web


(www).

• Functions using request (GET, POST, etc.) and reply

• Stateless protocol with persistent connections (HTTP/1.1)


HTTP1.1 has several request types called methods:

1. GET: Requests a document from the server.

2. HEAD: Requests information about a document but not the


document itself.

3. POST: Sends some information from the client to the server.

4. PUT: Sends a document from the server to the client.

5. TRACE: Echoes the incoming request.

6. CONNECT: Reserved.

7. OPTION: Inquires about available options.


FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL
(FTP)
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

• FTP uses the services of TCP.

• It needs two TCP connections.

• Uses TCP ports 20 (data) and 21 (control)

• Supports file types: ASCII, EBCDIC, Image


• Requires authentication (username/password)
DNS: MAPPING NAMES TO
ADDRESSES
• The DNS is a client/server application that identifies each host on the
Internet with a unique user-friendly name i.e., it is used to map an
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) to an IP address.

• If the size of the response message is more than 512 bytes, it uses the
TCP connection.

• Maps URLs to IP addresses using UDP/TCP (Port 53)


• Hierarchical structure (root, TLDs, domains)
• Resolves names using distributed servers
Explanation:
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is typically used by user clients for sending mails.
Post Office Protocol (POP) is used by clients for receiving mails. Checking mails in web
browser is a simple HTTP process. Option (C) is correct.
CONCLUSION

• Reviewed key application layer protocols (DNS, HTTP, SMTP, etc.)

• Application Layer enables user-facing services


• Future trends: HTTP/3, DNS over HTTPS
THANK YOU!

• Thank you for your attention!

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