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Universal Motor Notes

A universal motor can operate on both DC and single-phase AC supply, featuring series wound construction that provides high starting torque. It is commonly used in portable tools and appliances, but has lower efficiency and higher maintenance needs compared to DC motors. Compensation windings can be added to improve performance and reduce sparking, with conductively compensated motors offering better performance at a higher cost.

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23 views2 pages

Universal Motor Notes

A universal motor can operate on both DC and single-phase AC supply, featuring series wound construction that provides high starting torque. It is commonly used in portable tools and appliances, but has lower efficiency and higher maintenance needs compared to DC motors. Compensation windings can be added to improve performance and reduce sparking, with conductively compensated motors offering better performance at a higher cost.

Uploaded by

scrachis00
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Universal Motor - Point-by-Point Notes

- A universal motor is a special type of motor which is designed to run on either DC or single phase

AC supply.

- These motors are generally series wound (i.e., field and armature windings are connected in

series), and hence produce high starting torque.

- They are also known as single phase series motors.

- The construction of a universal motor is very similar to the construction of a DC machine.

- A universal motor consists of a stator on which field poles are mounted.

- Field coils are wound on the field poles.

- The rotor, also called armature, is wound type and connected to the commutator.

- A commutator and brush arrangement is provided to facilitate the current to the rotating armature.

- The current from the supply flows through the brush, commutator, armature winding, and the field

winding.

- Because the same current flows through the field and armature windings, the direction of the

magnetic field and the current reverses simultaneously when the direction of the supply current is

reversed.

- Hence, the direction of torque remains unchanged.

- A universal motor provides good torque and speed characteristics and has a high starting torque.

- The speed of universal motors is generally greater than that of other single phase motors.

- However, their speeds vary widely with the load.

- Universal motors are generally used in portable tools, vacuum cleaners, food mixers, etc.

- The characteristics of a universal motor are similar to those of a DC series motor.

- The speed of the motor is very high when it is operated on no-load.

- When the motor is operated on AC supply, the commutator and brushes spark more.
Universal Motor - Point-by-Point Notes

- The efficiency of universal motors is lesser than that of DC motors.

- These motors are not used in industrial applications due to sparking, low efficiency, and high

maintenance.

- Universal motors can also be constructed with compensation windings.

- In such cases, an additional winding is placed in the slots of the stator opposite to the armature.

- These compensation windings reduce the reactance voltage, improve commutation, and reduce

sparking.

- There are two types of compensation windings: conductively compensated and inductively

compensated.

- Conductively compensated universal motors have compensation winding connected in series with

the armature.

- Inductively compensated universal motors have compensation winding short-circuited on itself.

- Conductively compensated motors offer better performance, but are more expensive.

- Inductively compensated motors are less expensive and commonly used.

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