Module III(FOURIER SERIES)

TUTORIAL SHEET-1
1. Expand f ( x) = x sin x, 0  x  2 in Fourier series.
2. Find the Fourier series for f ( x) =  + x in (− ,  ) .
3. Obtain the Fourier series for the following functions:
I. f ( x) = −5 x + 2 in the interval [− ,  ] .
1
II. f ( x) = x − in the interval [− ,  ] .
2
III. f ( x) = 2 x 2 − 3 in the interval [0, 2 ] .
1
IV. f ( x) = − x 2 + in the interval [0, 2 ] .
3
V. f ( x) = x − x 2 in the interval [− ,  ] .
VI. f ( x) = x in the interval 0  x  2 .
4. Using the Fourier series of e −ax over the interval (− ,  ) find the value of the
1 1 1
series 2 − 2 + 2 − .................
2 +1 3 +1 4 +1
5 Obtain the Fourier series of f ( x) = x + x 2 in the interval (− ,  ) . Hence prove

1 2
that  2
=
6
.
1 n
1
6 Obtain the Fourier series to represent f ( x) = ( − x) 2 , 0  x  2 . Hence obtain the
4
following relations:
1 1 1 1 2
I. + + + + ........... = .
12 2 2 3 2 4 2 6
1 1 1 1  2
II. 2 − 2 + 2 − 2 + ........... = .
1 2 3 4 12
1 1 1 2
III. + + + ........... = .
12 3 2 5 2 8
7. Obtain the Fourier series to represent f ( x) = e − x , 0  x  2 .
8. Express f ( x) = x , −   x   , as Fourier series. Hence show that
1 1 1 2
+ + + ........... = .
12 32 52 8
9. Obtain the Fourier series of f ( x) = x 2 in the interval −   x   . Hence prove
 1 1 1 1 2
that + + + + ........... = .
12 22 32 42 6

10. Obtain the Fourier series for the function f (x) given by

 2x
1 +  , −   x  0
f ( x) = 
1 − 2 x , 0  x  
 
1 1 1 2
Hence deduce that + + + ........... = .
12 32 52 8

Answers

1 1
1. x sin x = −1 +  sin x − cos x + 2 cos nx.
2
2 n −1
2


(−1) n
2.  + x = − 2 sin nx .
2 1
n
 
(−1) n
(−1) n 1
3. (I) f ( x) = 2 + 10
n
sin nx (II) f ( x ) = −
2
− 21 n sin nx
1
 
8 − 9
2
cos nx  1 − 4 2 cos nx 
(III) f ( x) = + 8 [ − sin nx] (IV) f ( x) = − 4 [ − sin nx]
3 1
n n 3 1
n n
−  2  4(−1) n +1 2(−1) n +1 
sin nx
(V) f ( x) = + [ cos nx + sin nx] (VI) f ( x) =  − 2 .
3 2 n n
1 n 1
4.  /( 2 sinh  )
 
2 (−1) n (−1) n
5. + 4 cos nx − 2 sin nx
3 1 n2 1
n

2 cos nx
6. +
12 1 n2
−2
1− e1 1 1 1 1 2 3
7. [ + ( cos x + cos 2 x + cos 3x + ....) + ( sin x + sin 2 x + sin 3x + ...)]
 2 2 5 10 2 5 10
 4 cos 3 x cos 5 x
8. − (cos x + + + ...........) .
2  32 52
 2 cos x cos 2 x cos 3x cos 4 x
9. − 4( − + − + ................) .
3 12 22 32 42
8 cos x cos 3 x cos 5 x
10. ( + + + ...........) .
 2
12 32 52

Module III(FOURIER SERIES)

TUTORIAL SHEET-2
1. Find Fourier expansion for the following functions:
I. f ( x) = x − x 2 , − 1  x  1. II. f ( x) = x 2 − 2 , in the interval −2  x  2.
III. f ( x) = e − x , in the interval − l  x  l. IV. f ( x) = 1 − x 2 in the interval −1  x  1.
x, 0  x  1
V. f ( x) =  VI. f ( x) = x − x 3 , in the interval −1  x  1.
 (2 − x),1  x  2
0, − 2  x  0
VII. f ( x) = x , in the interval − c  x  c. VIII. f ( x) =  in the interval (-2,
1, 0  x  2
2).
 x, 0  x  1  x, 0  x  1
IX. f ( x) =  in the interval (0, 2). X. f ( x) =  in the interval (0, 2).
0,1  x  2 1 − x,1  x  2
0, − 2  x  −1

XI. f ( x) = k , − 1  x  1 in the interval (-2, 2).
0,1  x  2

2. A sinusoidal voltage E sin  t is passed through a half wave rectifier, which clips the negative
portion of the wave. Expand the resulting periodic function in a Fourier series where
 −T
0, 2  t  0 2
f (t ) =  and T = .
 E sin  t , 0  t  T 
 2
0, − 5  t  0
3. Find the Fourier coefficients corresponding to the function f (t ) = 
3, 0  t  5
4. Obtain the Fourier series for the square wave up to four terms as shown in the figure (i).

5. Determine the first four terms of the Fourier series for the triangular waveform in the figure

(ii).

6. Find the first four terms of the Fourier series for the saw tooth waveform in the figure (iii).
 Answers

− 1 4 cos x cos 2x cos 3x sin x sin 2x sin 3x
1. I + ( − + − ............) + 2 ( − + − ...........)
3  2
12
2 2
3 2  1 2 3

− 2 16 x 1 1 3x
II − (cos − cos x + cos − ..........) .
3 2 2 4 9 2

1 
(−1) n nx 
n(−1) n nx 
III sinh l  + 2l  2 cos + 2  sin .
n =1 l + n  n =1 l + n 
2 2 2 2 2
l l l 

2 4 cos 2x cos 3x  4 cos x cos 3x cos 5x

IV + 2 (cos x − + − .....) . V − ( + + + .....).
3  22 32 2  12 32 52

12 sin 2x sin 3x x 1 2x 1 3x

VI (sin x − + − .....). VII 2c[sin − sin + sin − .....) .
 3
23 33 c 2 c 3 c

1 2 x 1 3x 1 5x
VIII + 2 (sin + sin + sin + .....) .
2  2 3 2 5 2

1 2 cos 3x cos 5x 1 sin 2x sin 3x

IX − (cos x + + + ....) + (sin x − + + ......) .
4  2
3 2
5 2  2 3

−4 cos 3x cos 5x 2 sin 3x

X (cos x + + + ....) + (sin x + + ...)
 2
3 2
5 2
 3

k 2k x 1 3x 1 5x
XI + (cos − cos + cos + ...) .
2  2 3 2 5 2

E E 2 E cos 2 t cos 4 t cos 6 t

2. + sin  t − ( + + + ...........).
 2  1.3 3.5 5.7

0, if n is even

3. a 0 = 3 , a n = 0 , bn =  6
 , if n is odd
 n
 a 2a 1 1
4. + [sin x + sin 3x + sin 5 x + 1 sin 7 x + ...........].
2  3 5 7

Module III(FOURIER SERIES)

TUTORIAL SHEET-3

1. Express f ( x) = x as a sine series in 0  x   .

2. Find the Fourier sine series expansion of the following functions:
 
 x, 0  x  2
I. f ( x) =  II. f ( x) = e ax for 0  x   III. f ( x) = 2 x − 1 for 0  x  1.
 
 ,  x 
 2 2

3. Represent the following function by a Fourier cosine series:

 
1, 0  x  2 x
I. f ( x) =  II. f ( x) = sin ,0  x  l . III. f ( x) = e x in the interval (0, 1).
0,   x   l
 2

2 x, 0  x  1
IV. f ( x) =  V. f ( x) =  − x in (0 ,  ) . VI. f ( x) = x 2 in (0 ,  )
2(2 − x), 1  x  2

VII. f ( x) = cos( sx), −   x   . VIII. f ( x) = e x in the interval 0  x   .

−x
4. Find a half range even expansion of the function f ( x) = ( ) + 1, 0  x  l .
l

5. Find a series of cosine of multiples of x which will represent f (x) in (0,  ) where

 
0, 0  x  2 1 1 1 
f ( x) =  and deduce that 1 − + − + .............. = .
 ,   x   3 5 7 4
 2 2

 
 x, 0  x  2 4 1 1
6. If f ( x) =  show that I. f ( x) = (sin x − sin 3 x + sin 5 x − ............)
 − x,   x    2
3 52
 2
  2 1 1 1
II. f ( x) = − ( cos 2 x + cos 6 x + cos10 x + ...............)
4  12 32 52

7. If f ( x) = x + 1, for 0  x   , find its Fourier sine series and Fourier cosine series. Hence

1 1 1 
deduce that I. 1 − + − + ................. = II.
3 5 7 4

1 1 1 2
1+ + + + ............... = .
32 52 72 8

Answers

1 1
1. 2[sin x − sin 2 x + sin 3x − .........].
2 3

2  1  − 2 1
2. I.  + 1 sin x − sin 2 x +  +  sin 3 x + ... II.
  2  9 3 

2 1 + e a 2(1 − e a )
[ 2 sin x + 2 sin 2 x + ...].
 a +1 a + 22

−2 1 1
III. [sin 2x + sin 4x + sin 6x + ............].
 2 3

1 2 1 1
3. I. + [cos x − cos 3x + cos 5 x − ........].
2  3 5

2 4 1 2x 1 4x 1 6x

II. − [ cos + cos + cos + .......].
  3 l 15 l 35 l

− e −1 e −1 − e −1
III. e − 1 + 2[ cos x + cos 2x + cos 3x + ......].
2 +1
 4 + 1
2
9 2 + 1

8 4 x 4 2x −8 4 3x
IV. 1 − ( + ) cos − cos +( + ) cos + ..........
 2  2  2 2 9 2 3 2

 4 cos 3 x cos 5 x
V. + (cos x + + + ..........).
2  32 52
 2 4 1 1
VI − (cos x − cos 2 x + cos 3x − .......) .
3  22 32

sin x 1 sin( s + n ) sin( s − n )

VII. + [ + ] cos nx .
s  s+n s−n

e − 1 2 
1 − (−1) n e
VIII

−

1 n2 +1
cos nx .

1 4 x 1 3x 1 5x
4. +  2 [cos + 2 cos + 2 cos + ...........] 5.
2 l 3 l 5 l
 1 1
− cos x + cos 3x − cos 5 x + ..........
4 3 5
Module III(FOURIER SERIES)

TUTORIAL SHEET-4
1. Find the complex form of the Fourier series of the following functions:
− x, −  , x  0
a. f ( x) = e 2 x , 0  x  2 b. f ( x) = x 2 + x , −   x   , c. f ( x) = 
 x, 0  x  
0, −   x  0
d. f ( x) = sin x, 0  x   e. f ( x) = cos ax, −   x   f. f ( x) = 
1, 0  x  
.
2. Use Parseval’s identity to prove the following:
 
1 4 1 4
a.  4
= b.  4
= for f ( x) = x in (− ,  ) .
n =1(2n − 1)
96 n =1n
90
x2
3. Expand f ( x) = x − in (0, 2) as Fourier series and hence find the value of
2

1
 6
n =1(2n − 1)
(use Parseval’s identity only).
4. Using the half range cosine series for f ( x) = x in 0  x  1 , find the value of

1
 4
n =1(2n − 1)
(use Parseval’s identity only).

5. Obtain the first three coefficients in the Fourier cosine series for y, where y is given in the
following table:
 X 0 1 2 3 4 5
Y 4 8 15 7 6 2

6. For the rotation in degrees (x) of the flywheel of a certain machine part the following
values of displacement (y) are obtained

X 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330

Y 1.8 1.1 0.3 .16 1.5 1.3 2.16 1.25 1.30 1.52 1.76 2.00

Calculate the fundamental harmonic.

7. The turning moment T on the crank- shaft of a steam engine for the crank angle  degree
is given as follows:

 0 30 60 90 120 150 180

T 0 6.1 8.2 7.9 5.5 2.5 0

Find the coefficient of sin 2 if T is expanded in a series of sines

8. Obtain the Fourier series of y for the given values of x neglecting the harmonics above the
second
X 0 1 2 3 4 5
Y 9 18 24 28 26 20

Answers



4 + 2in inx (−1) n 2
1. a. e 2 x = (e 4 − 1)  e b. f ( x) =  n [ n + i]einx
n = − 16 + 4n 2 2 n = −
1 
(−1) n − 1 inx 2 (e 2ix + e −2ix ) (e 4ix + e −4ix)
c. f ( x) = 
 n = −
[ ]e d. f ( x ) =

[1 − − − ...........]
n2 1.3 3.5

a (−1) n e inx
e. f ( x) = sin a  f.
 − a 2
− n 2

1 1 1 1
f ( x) = − [(e ix − e −ix ) + (e 3ix − e −3ix ) + (e 5ix − e −5ix ) + ...]
2 i 3 5
16  1 (2n − 1)x 4 x 2x
3.  sin . 4. . 5. y = 7 − 2.83 cos − 1.5 cos .
 2 n =1(2n − 1) 3 2 960 3 3
6. 0.04 cos x − 0.63sin x . 7. 1.56

x 2x x
8. 20.84- 8.33 cos − 2.33 cos − 1.16 sin
3 3 3
.