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Digital Logic Design Assignment Answers

The document outlines key concepts in digital logic design, differentiating between combinational and sequential circuits, with examples and real-life applications. It includes a binary to decimal conversion, simplification of a Boolean expression, workings of a 4-to-1 multiplexer, and the proof that NAND gates are universal. The content serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding fundamental digital logic components and their functionalities.

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Gemechis Tesfaye
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5 views3 pages

Digital Logic Design Assignment Answers

The document outlines key concepts in digital logic design, differentiating between combinational and sequential circuits, with examples and real-life applications. It includes a binary to decimal conversion, simplification of a Boolean expression, workings of a 4-to-1 multiplexer, and the proof that NAND gates are universal. The content serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding fundamental digital logic components and their functionalities.

Uploaded by

Gemechis Tesfaye
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Logic Design Assignment Answers

1. Difference Between Combinational and Sequential Circuits


Combinational Circuits:
- Definition: Outputs depend only on the current input values.
- Key Features:
- No memory elements; hence, they cannot store past input values.
- Operate instantly without requiring clock signals.
- Examples:
- Adder: A circuit that performs addition.
- Multiplexer (MUX): Selects one of many inputs.
- Decoder: Converts binary inputs to unique outputs.
- Real-Life Example: A basic calculator that adds or multiplies two numbers directly.

Sequential Circuits:
- Definition: Outputs depend on both current inputs and previous states.
- Key Features:
- Require memory elements (like flip-flops) to store state information.
- Depend on a clock signal to synchronize operations.
- Examples:
- Flip-Flops: Used for storing a single bit of data.
- Counters: Count pulses based on clock inputs.
- Shift Registers: Shift data serially or parallelly.
- Real-Life Example: A digital watch keeps track of time using sequential circuits.

2. Convert Binary Number 101101101101101101 to Decimal


To convert binary 101101101101101101 into decimal:
1. Write positional powers of 2:
(2^17, 2^16, 2^15, ..., 2^0).
2. Identify positions with '1':
1 × 2^17 + 0 × 2^16 + 1 × 2^15 + ... + 1 × 2^0.
3. Add non-zero contributions:
2^17 + 2^15 + 2^14 + 2^12 + 2^11 + 2^9 + 2^8 + 2^6 + 2^5 + 2^3 + 2^2 + 2^0.
4. Calculate:
Result = 131485.
Thus, the decimal equivalent is 131485.

3. Simplify Boolean Expression


Simplify A + AB · A + AB · A + AB step by step using Boolean Algebra laws:
1. Original expression:
A + AB + AB + AB.
2. Apply Idempotent Law (AA = A):
A + AB = A.
3. Result:
A.
Thus, the simplified Boolean expression is A.

4. Working of a 4-to-1 Multiplexer


Definition:
A 4-to-1 multiplexer (MUX) selects one of four input lines (D0, D1, D2, D3) and outputs it to
a single line Y, based on the control signals S0 and S1.

Truth Table:
| S1 | S0 | Selected Input | Output (Y) |
|----|----|----------------|------------|
| 0 | 0 | D0 | D0 |
| 0 | 1 | D1 | D1 |
| 1 | 0 | D2 | D2 |
| 1 | 1 | D3 | D3 |

Logic Circuit:
The MUX uses AND, OR, and NOT gates to implement the logic.

Logic Expression:
Y = ¬S1·¬S0·D0 + ¬S1·S0·D1 + S1·¬S0·D2 + S1·S0·D3.

5. Universal Gates
Definition:
Universal gates are gates that can replicate all basic operations (AND, OR, NOT) using just
one type of gate. NAND and NOR gates are universal.

Proof That NAND is Universal:


1. NOT Gate Using NAND:
Connect both inputs of the NAND gate to the same input A:
NOT(A) = A NAND A.
2. AND Gate Using NAND:
Use two NAND gates:
- First NAND gate: A NAND B = ¬(A · B).
- Second NAND gate: Connect output to both inputs:
¬(¬(A · B)) = A · B.
3. OR Gate Using NAND:
Apply De Morgan’s theorem:
A + B = ¬(¬A · ¬B).
This can be implemented using NAND gates:
- First NAND gates: Create ¬A and ¬B.
- Second NAND gate: Combine results.
Conclusion:
Since NAND can replicate NOT, AND, and OR, it is a universal gate.

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