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AP CALC AB 2020-practice-exam (Teacher Copy)

Calculus with Analytic Geometry (Istanbul Teknik Üniversitesi)

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AP Calculus AB
CBPT-20

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CALCULUS AB
SECTION I, Part A
Time—1 hour
Number of questions—30

NO CALCULATOR IS ALLOWED FOR THIS PART OF THE EXAM.

Directions: Solve each of the following problems, using the available space for scratch work. After examining the
form of the choices, decide which is the best of the choices given and fill in the corresponding circle on the answer
sheet. No credit will be given for anything written in this exam booklet. Do not spend too much time on any one
problem.

In this exam:
(1) Unless otherwise specified, the domain of a function f is assumed to be the set of all real numbers x for which
f (x ) is a real number.

(2) The inverse of a trigonometric function f may be indicated using the inverse function notation f − 1 or with the
prefix “arc” (e.g., sin−1 x arcsin x).

-3- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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⌠ x2
1. 
 4 dx
⌡
x x3 x3 3x 3
(A) C (B) C (C) C (D) C
2 12 4 4

p
2. Which of the following is an equation of the line tangent to the graph of y cos x at x ?
2
p
(A) y x
2
p
(B) y x−
2
p
(C) y −x
2
p
(D) y −x −
2

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d
3.
dx
(
2(sin x )2 )
 1  2 sin x 2 sin x cos x
(A) 4 cos   (B) 4 sin x cos x (C) (D)
 2 x  x x

⌠

 x2 1
4.  3
dx
(
 x 3 3x − 5
⌡ )
3 1
(A) − 2
C
2
(3x 2
3 )
1 1
(B) − 2
C
6
(3x 2
3 )
3 1
(C) − 2
C
2
(x 3
3x − 5 )
1 1
(D) − 2
C
6
(x 3
3x − 5 )

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5. The function f is given by f (x ) 4x 3 − x 4 . On what intervals is the graph of f concave up?

(A) (− , 0) and (2, )

(B) (− , 3)
(C) (0, 2) only
(D) (0, 3) only

dy
6. If x 3y1 / 3 y , what is at the point (2, 8) ?
dx
1 3 5 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 4 4 3

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7.
d 5
dx
(
x − 5x )
x6 5x
(A) − (B) 5x 4 − 5x (C) 5x 4 − x 5x −1 (D) 5x 4 − (ln 5) 5x
6 ln 5

10 − 6x 2
8. lim is
x 5 3e x
(A) −2 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) nonexistent

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9. Let R be the region bounded by the graphs of y 2x and y 4x − x 2. What is the area of R ?

2 4 16 28
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3

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x2 1
10. The graph of a function f is shown above. If g is the function defined by g(x ) , what is the value
f (x )
of g (2) ?

8 1 32
(A) − (B) (C) 1 (D)
9 9 9

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1
⌠ x2 − x
11. 
 dx is
⌡−1 x
4
(A) −2 (B) 0 (C) (D) nonexistent
3

x 0 4 8 12 16
f (x ) 8 0 2 10 1

12. The table above gives selected values for the differentiable function f. In which of the following intervals must
there be a number c such that f (c) 2 ?

(A) (0, 4) (B) (4, 8) (C) (8, 12) (D) (12, 16)

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sin x
13. lim is
x 0 ex − 1
1
(A) 1 (B) (C) 0 (D) nonexistent
e

14. A particle moves along a straight line so that at time t 0 its acceleration is given by a(t ) 12t. At time t 0,
the velocity of the particle is 2 and the position of the particle is 5. Which of the following is an expression for
the position of the particle at time t 0 ?

(A) 6t 2 5

(B) 6t 3 2t 5

(C) 2t 3 5

(D) 2t 3 2t 5

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−x 2 3 if x 5
f (x ) 
−10x 28 if x 5

15. Let f be the function defined above. Which of the following statements about f is true?

(A) f is continuous and differentiable at x 5.

(B) f is continuous but not differentiable at x 5.
(C) f is differentiable but not continuous at x 5.
(D) f is defined but neither continuous nor differentiable at x 5.

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dy
16. If 2 − y , and if y 1 when x 1, then y
dx

(A) 2 − e x−1 (B) 2 − e1 −x (C) 2 − e− x (D) 2 e−x

(t 2 − 5t − 14) dt . What is the x-coordinate of the point of inflection

x
17. Let g be the function given by g(x )
3
of the graph of g ?

5
(A) −2 (B) (C) 3 (D) 7
2

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d 3
18.
dx
(
x sec(2x ) )
(A) 6x 2 sec (2x ) tan (2x )

(B) 2x 3tan2 (2x ) 3x 2 sec(2x)

(C) x 3sec (2x ) tan (2x ) 3x 2 sec (2x )

(D) 2x 3sec (2x ) tan (2x ) 3x 2 sec (2x )

19. A particle moves along the y-axis so that at time t 0 its position is given by y(t ) t 3 − 4t 2 4t 3. Which
of the following statements describes the motion of the particle at time t 1?
(A) The particle is moving down the y-axis with decreasing velocity.
(B) The particle is moving down the y-axis with increasing velocity.
(C) The particle is moving up the y-axis with decreasing velocity.
(D) The particle is moving up the y-axis with increasing velocity.

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4 4
20. If f (x ) dx 8 and g(x ) dx −2, which of the following cannot be determined from the information
1 1
given?

1
(A) g(x ) dx
4
4
(B) 3f (x ) dx
1
4
(C) 3 f (x ) g(x ) dx
1
4
(D) (3f (x ) g(x )) dx
1

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sin(2(x h)) − sin(2x)

21. For any real number x, lim
h 0 h
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) cos(2x ) (D) 2 cos(2x )

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22. Shown above is a slope field for which of the following differential equations?

dy dy dy dy
(A) x y (B) x3 (C) y3 (D) y2
dx dx dx dx

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23. The base of a solid is the region in the first quadrant bounded by the y-axis, the x-axis, the graph of y e x , and
the vertical line x 1. For this solid, each cross section perpendicular to the x-axis is a square. What is the
volume of the solid?

(A) e − 1
1 2 1
(B) e −
2 2
(C) e2 − 1

(D) 2e2 − 2

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12
24. The graph of the piecewise linear function f is shown above. What is the value of f (x ) dx ?
0

(A) −8 (B) −6 (C) 0 (D) 22

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25. The equation y 2e6x − 5 is a particular solution to which of the following differential equations?

(A) y − 6y − 30 0
(B) 2y − 12y 5 0
(C) y − 5y − 6y 0
(D) y − 2y y 5 0

26. What is the value of x at which the minimum value of y 3x 4 / 3 − 2x occurs on the closed interval 0, 1 ?

1 1
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D) 1
8 2

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27. At time t 0, a storage tank is empty and begins filling with water. For t 0 hours, the depth of the water in
the tank is increasing at a rate of W (t ) feet per hour. Which of the following is the best interpretation of the
statement W (2) 3 ?

(A) Two hours after the tank begins filling with water, the depth of the water is increasing at a rate greater than
3 feet per hour.
(B) Over the first two hours after the tank begins filling with water, the depth of the water is always increasing
at a rate greater than 3 feet per hour.
(C) Two hours after the tank begins filling with water, the rate at which the depth of the water is rising is
increasing at a rate greater than 3 feet per hour per hour.
(D) Over the first two hours after the tank begins filling with water, the rate at which the depth of the water is
rising is always increasing at a rate greater than 3 feet per hour per hour.

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28. A person stands 30 feet from point P and watches a balloon rise vertically from the point, as shown in the
figure above. The balloon is rising at a constant rate of 2 feet per second. What is the rate of change, in radians
per second, of angle q at the instant when the balloon is 40 feet above point P ?

3 3 1 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
100 125 12 27

x−2
29. How many vertical asymptotes does the graph of y have?
x 4 − 16
(A) One (B) Two (C) Three (D) Four

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n 2
b 2  2k  2
30. For what value of b does the integral x dx equal lim 1  ?
1 n k 1
 n  n
(A) b 2 only
(B) b 3 only
(C) b could be any real number.
(D) There is no such value of b.

END OF PART A
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED,
YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON PART A ONLY.
DO NOT GO ON TO PART B UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

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B B B B B B B B B

CALCULUS AB
SECTION I, Part B
Time—45 minutes
Number of questions—15

A GRAPHING CALCULATOR IS REQUIRED FOR SOME QUESTIONS ON THIS PART OF THE EXAM.

Directions: Solve each of the following problems, using the available space for scratch work. After examining the
form of the choices, decide which is the best of the choices given and fill in the corresponding circle on the answer
sheet. No credit will be given for anything written in this exam booklet. Do not spend too much time on any one
problem.

BE SURE YOU FILL IN THE CIRCLES ON THE ANSWER SHEET THAT CORRESPOND TO
QUESTIONS NUMBERED 76–90.

YOU MAY NOT RETURN TO QUESTIONS NUMBERED 1–30.

In this exam:
(1) The exact numerical value of the correct answer does not always appear among the choices given. When this
happens, select from among the choices the number that best approximates the exact numerical value.
(2) Unless otherwise specified, the domain of a function f is assumed to be the set of all real numbers x for which
f (x ) is a real number.

(3) The inverse of a trigonometric function f may be indicated using the inverse function notation f − 1 or with the
prefix “arc” (e.g., sin−1 x arcsin x).

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B B B B B B B B B

76. The function f is continuous on the closed interval 0, 5 . The graph of f , the derivative of f, is shown above.
On which of the following intervals is f increasing?

(A) 0, 1 and 2, 4
(B) 0, 1 and 3, 5
(C) 0, 1 and 4, 5 only
(D) 0, 2 and 4, 5

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B B B B B B B B B
16
77. The height of an object at time t 1 is given by h(t ) t2 − 15. What is the velocity of the object at
t
time t 3?

(A) 0.815 (B) 7.778 (C) 18.667 (D) 21.089

78. The function g is differentiable and satisfies g(−1) 4 and g (−1) 2 . What is the approximation of
g(−1.2) using the line tangent to the graph of g at x −1 ?

(A) 3.6 (B) 3.8 (C) 4.2 (D) 4.4

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B B B B B B B B B
79. Tara’s heart rate during a workout is modeled by the differentiable function h, where h(t ) is measured in beats
per minute and t is measured in minutes from the start of the workout. Which of the following expressions gives
Tara’s average heart rate from t 30 to t 60 ?

60
(A) h(t ) dt
30

1 60
(B) h(t ) dt
30 30

1 60
(C) h (t ) dt
30 30

h (30) h (60)
(D)
2

80. Let g be the function with first derivative g (x ) x3 x for x 0. If g(2) − 7, what is the value of g(5) ?

(A) 4.402 (B) 11.402 (C) 13.899 (D) 20.899

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B B B B B B B B B
81. If f is a function that has a removable discontinuity at x 3, which of the following could be the graph of f ?

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

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B B B B B B B B B
17 20 20
82. Let f be a continuous function such that f (x ) dx 8, f (x ) dx − 3, and f (x ) dx 7. What is the
0 17 13
13
value of f (x ) dx ?
0

(A) −2 (B) 4 (C) 12 (D) 18

 k 3 x for x 3

f (x )  16
 for x 3
 k 2 − x

83. Let f be the function defined above, where k is a positive constant. For what value of k, if any, is f continuous?

(A) 2.081 (B) 2.646 (C) 8.550 (D) There is no such value of k.

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B B B B B B B B B

84. The table above gives values of a continuous function f at selected values of x. Based on the information in the
table, which of the following statements must be true?
(A) f has at most one zero.
(B) f has a relative maximum at x 2.
(C) There exists a value c, where −5 c 2, such that f (c) 4.
(D) There exists a value c, where −5 c 2, such that f (c) 2.

85. The function f is an antiderivative of the function g defined by g(x ) 3− x2 x 4 cos x . Which of the
following is the x-coordinate of the location of a local maximum for the graph of y f (x) ?

(A) −3.961 (B) −2.161 (C) 1.494 (D) 3.140

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B B B B B B B B B

86. The graph of y f (x) on the interval 0 x 5 is shown above. Which of the following could be the graph of
y f (x ) ?

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

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B B B B B B B B B
87. At time t, 0 t 2 , the velocity of a particle moving along the x-axis is given by v(t ) ()
t sin t 3 . Let t b be
the time at which the particle changes direction from moving left to moving right. What is the total distance
traveled by the particle during the time interval 0 t b?

(A) 0.212 (B) 0.612 (C) 1.011 (D) 1.208

1 4 2 1 2 1
88. Let f be the function defined by f (x ) x − x3 x − x . For how many values of x in the open
4 3 2 2
interval (0, 1.565) is the instantaneous rate of change of f equal to the average rate of change of f on the closed

interval 0, 1.565 ?

(A) Zero (B) One (C) Three (D) Four

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B B B B B B B B B
89. Let g be a twice-differentiable function with g (x ) 0 and g (x ) 0 for all real numbers x, such that
g(3) 12 and g(5) 18. Which of 20, 21, and 22 are possible values for g(6) ?

(A) 21 only (B) 22 only (C) 20 and 21 only (D) 21 and 22 only

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B B B B B B B B B
x 2 3 4
f (x ) 1 2 6
f (x ) 4 5 3

90. The table above gives values of the differentiable function f and its derivative at selected values of x. If g is the
inverse function of f, which of the following is an equation of the line tangent to the graph of g at the point
where x 2 ?

1
(A) y − (x − 2) 3
5
1
(B) y − (x − 2) 1
4
1
(C) y (x − 2) 3
5
(D) y 4(x − 2) 1

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B B B B B B B B B

END OF SECTION I

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED,

YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON PART B ONLY.

DO NOT GO ON TO SECTION II UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

_______________________________________________________

MAKE SURE YOU HAVE DONE THE FOLLOWING.

• PLACED YOUR AP NUMBER LABEL ON YOUR ANSWER SHEET

• WRITTEN AND GRIDDED YOUR AP NUMBER CORRECTLY ON YOUR
ANSWER SHEET
• TAKEN THE AP EXAM LABEL FROM THE FRONT OF THIS BOOKLET
AND PLACED IT ON YOUR ANSWER SHEET

-37-
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AP Calculus AB Exam
®

SECTION II: Free Response 2019

DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET OR BREAK THE SEALS ON PART B UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

At a Glance
Total Time
1 hour and 30 minutes
Number of Questions
6
Percent of Total Score
50%
Writing Instrument
Either pencil or pen with
black or dark blue ink
Weight
The questions are
weighted equally, but
the parts of a question
are not necessarily
given equal weight.

Part A Instructions
Number of Questions The questions for Section II are printed in this booklet. Do not break the seals on Part B
2 until you are told to do so. Write your solution to each part of each question in the space
Time provided. Write clearly and legibly. Cross out any errors you make; erased or crossed-out
30 minutes
work will not be scored.
Electronic Device
Graphing calculator Manage your time carefully. During Part A, work only on the questions in Part A. You
required are permitted to use your calculator to solve an equation, find the derivative of a function
Percent of Section II Score at a point, or calculate the value of a definite integral. However, you must clearly indicate
33.33%
the setup of your question, namely the equation, function, or integral you are using. If you
Part B use other built-in features or programs, you must show the mathematical steps necessary
to produce your results. During Part B, you may continue to work on the questions in
Number of Questions
4 Part A without the use of a calculator.
Time As you begin each part, you may wish to look over the questions before starting to work
1 hour on them. It is not expected that everyone will be able to complete all parts of all questions.
Electronic Device
None allowed • Show all of your work, even though a question may not explicitly remind you to do so.
Percent of Section II Score Clearly label any functions, graphs, tables, or other objects that you use. Justifications
66.67% require that you give mathematical reasons, and that you verify the needed conditions
under which relevant theorems, properties, definitions, or tests are applied. Your work
will be scored on the correctness and completeness of your methods as well as your
answers. Answers without supporting work will usually not receive credit.
• Your work must be expressed in standard mathematical notation rather than calculator

! x dx may not be written as fnInt(X , X, 1, 5).

5
2 2
syntax. For example,
1

• Unless otherwise specified, answers (numeric or algebraic) need not be simplified. If you
use decimal approximations in calculations, your work will be scored on accuracy.
Unless otherwise specified, your final answers should be accurate to three places after
the decimal point.
• Unless otherwise specified, the domain of a function f is assumed to be the set of all
real numbers x for which f "x# is a real number.

Form I
Form Code 4PBP4-S

66
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CALCULUS AB
SECTION II, Part A
Time—30 minutes
Number of questions—2

A GRAPHING CALCULATOR IS REQUIRED FOR THESE QUESTIONS.

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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1. The rate at which cars enter a parking lot is modeled by E (t ) 30 5(t − 2)(t − 5) e− 0.2t . The rate at

O
which cars leave the parking lot is modeled by the differentiable function L. Selected values of L(t ) are given
in the table above. Both E (t ) and L(t ) are measured in cars per hour, and time t is measured in hours after
5 A.M. (t 0). Both functions are defined for 0 t 12.

(a) What is the rate of change of E (t ) at time t 7 ? Indicate units of measure.

E 7 Cars hour

by TI

Do not write beyond this border.

Do not write beyond this border.

(b) How many cars enter the parking lot from time t 0 to time t 12 ? Give your answer to the nearest
whole number.

ELA dt

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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

(c) Use a trapezoidal sum with the four subintervals indicated by the data in the table to approximate
12 12
L(t ) dt. Using correct units, explain the meaning of L(t ) dt in the context of this problem.
2 2

3 4 151 4 1 Cars
24th 2 68th not
betw t 2 end t 12
leaving cars

Do not write beyond this border.

Do not write beyond this border.

(d) For 0 t 6 , 5 dollars are collected from each car entering the parking lot. For 6 t 12, 8 dollars are
collected from each car entering the parking lot. How many dollars are collected from the cars entering the
parking lot from time t 0 to time t 12 ? Give your answer to the nearest whole dollar.
w
n 13
5 Ect dt 8 Ect de

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2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

( px6 ) for 0
x
2. The function f is defined by f (x ) 3(1 x)0.5 cos x 3. The function g is continuous and

decreasing for 0 x 3 with g(3) 0.

The figure above on the left shows the graphs of f and g and the regions R and S. R is the region bounded by
the graph of g and the x- and y-axes. Region R has area 3.24125. S is the region bounded by the y-axis and

Do not write beyond this border.

the graphs of f and g.
Do not write beyond this border.

The figure above on the right shows the graph of y ( g(x))2 and the region T. T is the region bounded by
the graph of y ( g(x))2 and the x- and y-axes. Region T has area 5.32021.

(a) Find the area of region S.

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2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(b) Find the volume of the solid generated when region S is revolved about the horizontal line y −3.

Do not write beyond this border.

Do not write beyond this border.

(c) Region S is the base of a solid. For this solid, each cross section perpendicular to the x-axis is a rectangle
whose height is 7 times the length of its base in region S. Write, but do not evaluate, an integral expression
for the volume of this solid.

-7- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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END OF PART A
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED,
YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON PART A ONLY.
DO NOT GO ON TO PART B UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

-8-
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CALCULUS AB
SECTION II, Part B
Time—1 hour
Number of questions—4

NO CALCULATOR IS ALLOWED FOR THESE QUESTIONS.

DO NOT BREAK THE SEALS UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

-13-
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3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
NO CALCULATOR ALLOWED


 9 − x 2 for −3 x 0
f (x )  a
 ( )
−x 3 cos px
2
for 0 x 4

3. Let f be the function defined above.

4 3 co dT

3fC
(a) Find the average rate of change of f on the interval − 3 x 4. fCu
3 gf gT
fC 3 ofcu7
l O
I
a
4 C3

Do not write beyond this border.

Do not write beyond this border.

3
(b) Write an equation for the line tangent to the graph of f at x 3.
f3 3 3 Co II
3 37 0
point
f17 1 3 sin Iz
slope my 3 1 311 z
sin
fG l II
y y m X Xi l sin3I
fkn 312

y 13 1 312 Cx 3 s
he 342

-14- Continue question 3 on page 15.

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3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
NO CALCULATOR ALLOWED

(c) Find the average value of f on the interval − 3 x 4.

fan dy

G C3

Do not write beyond this border.

Do not write beyond this border.

(d) Must there be a value of x at which f (x ) attains an absolute maximum on the closed interval

000
− 3 x 4 ? Justify your answer.
endpoint
extra relate
f andy
f
xt
fiscts.at
i
run over a b

-15- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
NO CALCULATOR ALLOWED

ii
3 4.5 i
7 10
4
eh
i eh
ooo

3 i
i

Do not write beyond this border.

Do not write beyond this border.

g
4. The continuous function f is defined for −4 x 4. The graph of f, shown above, consists of two line
1 1 5
segments and portions of three parabolas. The graph has horizontal tangents at x − ,x , and x .
2 2 2
It is known that f (x ) −x 2 5x − 4 for 1 x 4 . The areas of regions A and B bounded by the graph
x
of f and the x-axis are 3 and 5, respectively. Let g be the function defined by g(x ) f (t ) dt .
−4

(a) Find g(0) and g(4).

961 fCtldt 4.5 1 C 37 1

9147 flight
X
h

-16- Continue question 4 on page 17.

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4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
NO CALCULATOR ALLOWED

(b) Find the absolute minimum value of g on the closed interval −4, 4 . Justify your answer.

g'Cx7
g _o when I l o and L
fCx
N g and
9
4

9 gex gfctl.dk

O 1.5 sea r
45
1 6.5
guy f
u
f HI dt

taba

Do not write beyond this border.

Do not write beyond this border.

yawl g o

(c) Find all intervals on which the graph of g is concave down. Give a reason for your answer.

Isn v
Esu
f E v
94 7 4167 Lo when 2

Since f is decreasing on that interval

-17- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
NO CALCULATOR ALLOWED

5. Brandon and Chloe ride their bikes for 4 hours along a flat, straight road. Brandon’s velocity, in miles per
hour, at time t hours is given by a differentiable function B for 0 t 4 . Values of B(t) for selected times t
are given in the table above. Chloe’s velocity, in miles per hour, at time t hours is given by the piecewise
function C defined by

 4−t 2
 te for 0 t 2
chief C (t ) 
12 − 3t − t 2 for 2 t 4. velocity


x
(a) How many miles did Chloe travel from time t 0 to time t 2?

Do not write beyond this border.

Do not write beyond this border.

Bca 1367
12.52
117
I

(b) At time t 3, is Chloe’s speed increasing or decreasing? Give a reason for your answer.

HG 12 g 9 6 so
act 3 Lt
9137 3 6 9 so
are
Smee both velocity andaccelerates
speeding spad incrasy
negate at t 3

-18- Continue question 5 on page 19.

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5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
NO CALCULATOR ALLOWED

(c) Is there a time t, for 0 t 4 , at which Brandon’s acceleration is equal to 2.5 miles per hour per hour?
Justify your answer.

and Bet is deff on lo 47

Blt is cts on au
there is at least one C suchthot
So by mean value them

B Cc 1316 1367 MI 2.5

u o
N G o
d
accelerator

at t c

Do not write beyond this border.

Do not write beyond this border.

(d) Is there a time t, for 0 t 2 , at which Brandon’s velocity is equal to Chloe’s velocity? Justify your
answer.

if
by intermediate thorn out

BLt7

-19- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
NO CALCULATOR ALLOWED

6. Consider the curve defined by 2x 2 3y 2 − 4xy 36.

dy 2y − 2x
(a) Show that .
dx 3y − 2x

Ux by d h t.y x.dz O

0
HI t 6g Ifs Ey
hx
If
d by ux hey Ux

Do not write beyond this border.

Do not write beyond this border.

I t.esZg 2x
(b) Find the slope of the line tangent to the curve at each point on the curve where x 6.

2
2 62 322 le 6 y 36 6,6 and
36
72 322 242 lie at Cbo6
0 slope of Taft
322 242 36
3 yl 821 127
0 1 18 12
3 y 6 Cy 21 0
Gil
slope of together at

Efta.at If
4
3
-20- Continue question 6 on page 21.
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6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
NO CALCULATOR ALLOWED

(c) Find the positive value of x at which the curve has a vertical tangent line. Show the work that leads to your
answer.

DL 2g 2x bndefined for a vert target

Tx

3g 2x D

3g 2x
I
2 4322 4
2 36
y 3 2 2 31.431 h x
2 36
5

Do not write beyond this border.

Do not write beyond this border.

i 2 36 x2 54
2
1 83 36 23 x 3r6
x 356

(d) Let x and y be functions of time t that are related by the equation 2x 2
0
3y 2 − 4xy 36. At time t 1,

o_O
dy dx
the value of x is 2, the value of y is −2, and the value of is 4. Find the value of at time t 1.
dt dt

4 d
4
If G If
2 u O
8 42 h 4 ddxz.tn

18 daff 0
8 LIE 18 12
16 80
diff

5J -21- GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.

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STOP
END OF EXAM
____________________________________

THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS APPLY TO THE COVERS OF THE

SECTION II BOOKLET.
• MAKE SURE YOU HAVE COMPLETED THE IDENTIFICATION
INFORMATION AS REQUESTED ON THE FRONT AND BACK
COVERS OF THE SECTION II BOOKLET.
• CHECK TO SEE THAT YOUR AP NUMBER LABEL APPEARS IN
THE BOX ON THE FRONT COVER.
• MAKE SURE YOU HAVE USED THE SAME SET OF AP
NUMBER LABELS ON ALL AP EXAMS YOU HAVE TAKEN
THIS YEAR.

-22-
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Answer Key for AP Calculus AB

Practice Exam, Section I

Question 1: B Question 76: D

Question 2: C Question 77: B
Question 3: D Question 78: A
Question 4: D Question 79: B
Question 5: C Question 80: C
Question 6: D Question 81: C
Question 7: D Question 82: A
Question 8: B Question 83: A
Question 9: B Question 84: C
Question 10: A Question 85: D
Question 11: A Question 86: A
Question 12: C Question 87: C
Question 13: A Question 88: C
Question 14: D Question 89: B
Question 15: A Question 90: C
Question 16: B
Question 17: B
Question 18: D
Question 19: A
Question 20: C
Question 21: D
Question 22: D
Question 23: B
Question 24: A
Question 25: A
Question 26: B
Question 27: C
Question 28: B
Question 29: A
Question 30: B

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Multiple-Choice Section for Calculus AB

2019 Course Framework Alignment and Rationales

Question 1

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Finding Antiderivatives
and Indefinite Integrals
1.E FUN-6.C
- Basic Rules and
Notation
(A) x2
Incorrect. This is the derivative of , not the antiderivative.
4
(B) Correct. By the power rule for antiderivatives, the antiderivative of
xn 1
x n is for n 1. Therefore,
n 1
x2 1 2 1 x3 x3
dx x dx C C.
4 4 4 3 12
(C) Incorrect. This response would result if the power rule for
antiderivatives was not applied correctly. The antiderivative of x2
x3
was taken to be x3 rather than .
3
(D) Incorrect. This response would result if the power rule for
antiderivatives was not applied correctly. The antiderivative of x2
x3
was taken to be 3x3 rather than .
3

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Question 2

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Defining the Derivative

1.D CHA-2.C of a Function and Using
Derivative Notation
(A) Incorrect. This response would result if the derivative of cos x was
taken to be sin x rather than sin x. The slope at the point ,0
2
was therefore taken to be 1. In addition, an equation of a line
through the point x0 , y0 was written as y m x x0 y0
instead of y m x x0 y0 , leading to the response

y 1 x 0 x .
2 2
(B) Incorrect. This response would result if the derivative of cos x was

taken to be sin x rather than ,0 sin x. The slope at the point

2
was therefore taken to be 1, giving an equation of the tangent line as
y 1 x 0 x .
2 2
(C) Correct. The slope of the tangent line is the value of the derivative at
x .
2
dy dy
sin x sin 1
dx dx x 2
2

At x , y cos 0.
2 2
An equation of the tangent line at the point , 0 is therefore
2
y 1 x 0 x .
2 2
(D) Incorrect. This response might come from writing an equation of a
line through the point x0 , y0 as y m x x0 y0 instead of

y m x x0 y0 , leading to y 0 x . 1 x
2 2
Alternately, an error might have been made in simplifying an
equation of the tangent line. The slope of the tangent line at x
2
was correctly found.
dy dy
sin x sin 1
dx dx x 2
2

An equation of the tangent line at the point , 0 was written, as

2
follows.
y 1 x 0 x
2 2

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Question 3

Skill Learning Objective Topic

1.E FUN-3.C The Chain Rule

(A) Incorrect. This response might come from incorrectly applying the chain rule
d
twice as f g x f g x , as follows.
dx
d 2 d d 1
2 sin x 2 2 sin x 2 2 cos x 4cos
dx dx dx 2 x
(B) Incorrect. This response might come from correctly applying the chain rule
the first time but not the second, as follows.
d 2 d
2 sin x 2 2 sin x sin x 2 2 sin x cos x
dx dx
(C) Incorrect. This response might come from using the chain rule only once,
with the innermost “inside” function, x , as follows.
d 2 d 1
2 sin x 2 2 sin x x 2 2 sin x
dx dx 2 x
(D) Correct. The chain rule must be used twice for this composition of three
functions.
d 2 d
2 sin x 2 2 sin x sin x
dx dx
d
2 2 sin x cos x x
dx
1
2 2 sin x cos x
2 x
2sin x cos x
x

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Question 4

Skill Learning Objective Topic

1.E FUN-6.D Integrating Using Substitution

(A) Incorrect. This response would result if the factor 3 was mishandled during the
substitution using u x3 3x 5, and the expression 3x 2 3 from the derivative
was substituted back for u rather than the expression x3 3 x 5, as follows.
du 3 du
u x3 3 x 5 3x 2 3 3 x 2 1 dx
dx x2 1

x2 1 1 1 3 1
dx 3 du 3 C C
3 3
u3 2u 2 2 2 2
x 3x 5 3x 3
(B) Incorrect. Starting with the substitution u x3 3x 5,
du du
u x3 3 x 5 3x 2 3 3 x 2 1 dx .
dx 3 x2 1
Substituting for x3 3x 5 and for dx gives
x2 1 1 1 1 1
dx du C.
x3 3x 5
3
u3 3 3 2u 2

The expression 3 x 2 3 from the derivative might have been substituted back for u ,
however, rather than the expression x3 3x 5.
(C) Incorrect. This response would result if the factor 3 was mishandled during the
substitution using u x3 3x 5, as follows.
du 3du
u x3 3x 5 3x 2 3 3 x2 1 dx
dx x2 1

x2 1 1 1 3 1
dx 3 du 3 C C
3 3
u3 2u 2 2 3 2
x 3x 5 x 3x 5
(D) Correct. Starting with the substitution u x3 3x 5,
du du
u x3 3 x 5 3x 2 3 3 x 2 1 dx .
dx 3 x2 1
Substituting for x3 3x 5 and for dx gives
x2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
dx du C C.
x 3
3x 5
3
u3 3 3 2u 2 6
x 3
3x 5
2

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Question 5

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Determining Concavity
2.B FUN-4.A of Functions over Their
Domains
(A) Incorrect. These are the intervals for which f x 0, that is, those
on which the graph of f is concave down, not concave up.
f x 12 x 2 4 x3
f x 24 x 12 x 2 12 x 2 x
The graph of f is a parabola opening downward and with zeros at
x 0 and x 2. Therefore, f x 0 on the intervals ,0
and 2, .
(B) Incorrect. The graph of f will be concave up on intervals where
f x 0. This response comes from determining where
f x 0, however, rather than where f x 0.
f x 12 x 2 4 x3 4 x2 3 x 0 when 3 x 0, so when
x 3.
(C) Correct. The graph of f will be concave up on intervals where
f x 0.
f x 12 x 2 4 x3
f x 24 x 12 x 2 12 x 2 x
The graph of f is a parabola opening downward and with zeros at
x 0 and x 2. Therefore, f x 0 on the interval between the
two zeros, or 0 x 2.
(D) Incorrect. This response comes from determining where f x 0
and f x 0 rather than just where f x 0.
f x 4 x3 x4 x3 4 x 0 when 0 x 4.
2 3 2
f x 12 x 4x 4x 3 x 0 when x 3.
Therefore, f x 0 and f x 0 only when 0 x 3.

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Question 6

Skill Learning Objective Topic

1.E FUN-3.D Implicit Differentiation

(A) Incorrect. This response would result if there was an error in the
1
dy
power rule when differentiating 3y 3 and when solving for , as
dx
follows.
1
dy dy
1 y3
dx dx
dy dy dy dy 1
At the point 2, 8 , 1 2 1 3 .
dx dx dx dx 3
(B) Incorrect. This response would result if the chain rule was not used
and a sign error was made during the differentiation of the left side,
as follows.
2
3 dy
1 y
dx
1 dy dy 3
At the point 2, 8 , 1 .
4 dx dx 4
(C) Incorrect. This response would result if the chain rule was not used
during the differentiation of the left side, as follows.
2
3 dy
1 y
dx
1 dy dy 5
At the point 2, 8 , 1 .
4 dx dx 4
(D) Correct. The chain rule is the basis for implicit differentiation.
2
dy dy3
1 y
dx dx
The point 2, 8 is on the curve since x 2 and y 8 satisfy the
1 dy dy 3 dy dy 4
equation. At this point, 1 1 .
4 dx dx 4 dx dx 3

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Question 7

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Derivatives of cos x,
1.E FUN-3.A sin x, ex, and ln x
(A) Incorrect. This response is an antiderivative of x5 5 x , not the
derivative.
(B) Incorrect. This response would result if the derivative of a x was
taken to be just a x rather than ln a a x .
(C) Incorrect. This response would result if the power rule was applied to
the exponential function 5 x , resulting in the response x 5 x 1

d x
rather than using the exponential rule a ln a a x .
dx
(D) Correct. The derivative of x5 is 5x 4 by the power rule, and the
derivative of the exponential function 5 x is ln 5 5 x. Therefore,
d 5
x 5x 5x4 ln 5 5 x.
dx

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Question 8

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Connecting Limits at
2.B LIM-2.D Infinity and Horizontal
Asymptotes
(A) Incorrect. This response might come from treating the problem like
the limit of a rational function as x goes to infinity when the
numerator and denominator are polynomials of the same degree. If
only the coefficients of the x 2 term and the e x term are considered,
6
it might be thought that the limit would be 2.
3
(B) 10 6 x 2
Correct. The numerator of is a translated power function
5 3e x
and the denominator is a translated exponential function. Since the
exponential function e x grows faster than the power function x 2 ,
the relative magnitude of the denominator compared to the
numerator will result in this expression converging to 0 as x goes to
infinity.
(C) Incorrect. This response might come from treating the problem like
the limit of a rational function as x goes to 0. If only the constant
terms are considered, it might be thought that the limit would be
10
2.
5
(D) Incorrect. It might be thought that the limit is nonexistent since the
numerator goes to and the denominator goes to as x goes
to infinity, but this does not take into account the relative magnitude
of the exponential function in the denominator compared to the
quadratic term in the numerator as x gets larger.

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Question 9

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Finding the Area Between

1.E CHA-5.A Curves Expressed as
Functions of
(A) Incorrect. This response might come from several errors in the
antidifferentiation and evaluation. If the term 2x is differentiated rather
than antidifferentiated, and if in the resulting evaluation the 2 is not
included in the evaluation at the endpoints, the result would be as follows.
2
2 2 1 3 8 2
4x x2 2 x dx 2x x 2x 2 dx 0 2
0 0 3 0 3 3
Then either the negative is ignored or the absolute value is taken, since area
must be positive.
(B) Correct. The graphs of y 2 x and y 4x x 2 intersect when x 0
and x 2. The graph of y 4 x x 2 lies above the graph y 2 x on the
interval 0 x 2. (One way to see this is to sketch a graph of the
parabola and the line, observing that the graph of y 4 x x 2 has a slope
of 4 at x 0, while the graph of y 2 x has a slope of 2. ) The area of
the region bounded by the two graphs is therefore
2
2 2 x3 8 4
4x x2 2 x dx 2x x 2 dx x2 4 .
0 0 3 3 3
0
(C) Incorrect. This response might come from two different errors. This first is
not finding where the two graphs intersect but looking only at the zeros of
y 4 x x 2 at x 0 and x 4, using those as the limits of integration
to get
4
4 4 x3 64 16
4x x2 2 x dx 2x x 2 dx x2 16 ,
0 0 3 3 3
0
and then ignoring the negative (or taking the absolute value, since area
must be positive).
The response might also come from integrating only y 4 x x 2 over the
interval 0 x 2, as follows.
2
2 2 2 x3 8 16
4x x dx 2x 8
0 3 3 3
0
(D) Incorrect. This response might come from adding the two functions rather
than taking the difference between them, as follows.
2
2 2 2 2 2 x3 8 28
4x x 2 x dx 6x x dx 3x 12
0 0 3 3 3
0

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Question 10

Skill Learning Objective Topic

1.E FUN-3.B The Quotient Rule

(A) Correct. The derivative of g is found using the quotient rule.
2 xf x f x x2 1
g x 2
The graph of f is used to determine that f 2 3 and
f x
7 3 4f 2 f 2 5 4 3 4 5 8
f 2 4. Then g 2 .
3 2 f 2 2 9 9

(B) Incorrect. This response would result if the numerator of the derivative of the quotient
was taken to be the product of the derivatives minus the product of the functions, as
follows.
2 xf x f x x2 1 4f 2 f 2 5 4 4 3 5 1
g x g 2
f x 2
f 2 2 9 9

(C) Incorrect. This response would result if the derivative of a quotient was taken to be the
quotient of the derivatives, as follows.
2x 4 4
g x g 2 1
f x f 2 4
(D) Incorrect. This response would result if the terms in the numerator were added rather than
subtracted in the quotient rule, as follows.
2 xf x f x x2 1 4f 2 f 2 5 4 3 4 5 32
g x g 2
f x 2
f 2 2 9 9

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Question 11

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Applying Properties of Definite

1.E FUN-6.A
Integrals
(A) x2 x
Correct. The function f x has a removable discontinuity at x 0,
x
x x2
since f 0 is undefined but lim lim x 1 1. The definition of the
x x
0 x 0
definite integral can be extended to functions with removable discontinuities. If
g x x 1, then g x f x for all x except x 0, and therefore
1
1 1 1 1 2 1 1
f x dx g x dx x 1 dx
x x 1 1 2.
1 1 1 2 1 2 2
(B) Incorrect. This response might arise from an assumption that the value of the definite
integral is 0 because the integration is over the symmetric interval 1, 1 .
(C) Incorrect. The antiderivative of a quotient might have been taken to be the quotient
of antiderivatives, as follows.
1
1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 2
1 2 x x
x x 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 4
dx
1 x 1 2 1 1 1 3
x
2 1 2 2 2
(D) Incorrect. This response might come from not recognizing that the definition of the
definite integral can be extended to functions with removable discontinuities.

Question 12

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Using the Mean Value

3.D FUN-1.B
Theorem
(A) Incorrect. This interval might be chosen because of an error in
computing the average rate of change over the interval as
f 0 f 4 8 0 f 0 f 4 8 0
2 rather than 2.
4 4 0 4 4
(B) Incorrect. This interval might be chosen because of an error in
computing the average rate of change over the interval as
8 4 4 f 8 f 4 2 0 1
2 rather than .
f 8 f 4 2 0 8 4 4 2
(C) Correct. The function f is continuous on the closed interval 8, 12
and differentiable on the open interval 8, 12 . By the Mean Value
Theorem, there is a number c in the interval 8, 12 such that
f 12 f 8 10 2
f c 2.
12 8 4
(D) Incorrect. This response would result if the Intermediate Value
Theorem was used instead of the Mean Value Theorem to select the
open interval 12, 16 where f c 2 for some number c in the
interval.

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Question 13

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Using L'Hospital's Rule

1.E LIM-4.A for Finding Limits of
Indeterminate Forms
(A) Correct. Since lim sin x 0 and lim e
x
1 0, the
x 0 x 0
indeterminate limit can be evaluated using L’Hospital’s Rule, as
follows.
sin x cos x cos 0 1
lim lim x 1
x 0 ex 1 x 0 e e0 1
(B) Incorrect. While using L’Hospital’s Rule, an error might have been
made in the differentiation of e x , treating it as if taking the
derivative of ex, as follows.
sin x cos x cos 0 1
lim x lim
x 0e 1 x 0 e e e
(C) Incorrect. This response would result if the limit of the numerator
was observed to be 0, but the denominator was not taken into
consideration.
(D) Incorrect. This response would result if the limit of the denominator
was observed to be 0 while the numerator was not taken into
consideration, leading to the assumption that the limit does not exist.

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Question 14

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Exponential Models
2.C FUN-7.F with Differential
Equations
(A) Incorrect. The expression 12t might have been treated as if it was the
velocity, not the acceleration. Therefore, the position was taken to be
s t 6t 2 C , with C 5 since s 0 5.
(B) Incorrect. This response might come from attempting to use the
1 2
formula s at v0 t s0 for the position of an object falling
2
with constant acceleration a, as follows.
1 2 1
s at v0 t s0 12t t 2 2t 5 6t 3 2t 5
2 2
(C) Incorrect. The initial velocity might not have been considered during
the antidifferentiation of the acceleration, as follows.
a t 12t v t 6t 2
v t 6t 2 s t 2t 3 C ;
s 0 5 5 0 0 C C 5
(D) Correct. Since the acceleration is given, the position can be found
using antidifferentiation and the values of the velocity and position
at time t 0.
a t 12t v t 6t 2 C1 ; v 0 2 2 0 C1 C1 2
v t 6t 2 2 s t 2t 3 2t C2 ;
s 0 5 5 0 0 C2 C2 5
The position of the particle is s t 2t 3 2t 5 for t 0.

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Question 15

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Connecting Differentiability and

3.C FUN-2.A Continuity - Determining When
Derivatives Do and Do Not Exist
(A) Correct. This statement is true.
lim f x lim x2 3 25 3 22
x 5 x 5
lim f x lim 10 x 28 50 28 22
x 5 x 5
Therefore, lim f x exists and lim f x 22 f 5 , so f is continuous at
x 5 x 5
x 5.
f 5 h f 5 5 h 2 3 22 10h h 2
lim lim lim 10
h 0 h h 0 h h 0 h
f 5 h f 5 10 5 h 28 22 10h
lim lim lim 10
h 0 h h 0 h h 0 h
Therefore, f is also differentiable at x 5 and f 5 10. An alternative way
to see that the piecewise-defined function f is differentiable at x 5 is to
2 x for x 5
observe that f x Since f is continuous at x 5 and the
10 for x 5.
derivatives 2x and 10 are equal at x 5, f is differentiable at x 5.
(B) Incorrect. This statement is false. The function f is both continuous and
differentiable at x 5 because lim f x lim f x f 5 22 and
x 5 x 5
f 5h f 5 f 5 h f 5
lim lim 10.
h 0 h h 0 h
(C) Incorrect. This statement is false, since if f is differentiable at x 5, it must also
be continuous at x 5.
(D) Incorrect. This statement is false. The function f is both continuous and
differentiable at x 5 because lim f x lim f x f 5 22 and
x 5 x 5
f 5 h f 5 f 5 h f 5
lim lim 10.
h 0 h h 0 h

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Question 16

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Finding General
1.E FUN-7.D Solutions Using
Separation of Variables
(A) Incorrect. This response would result if a chain rule error was made
during the antidifferentiation of the dy term.
dy dy
2 y dx
dx 2 y
1
dy dx ln 2 y x C
2 y
ln 1 1 C C 1
ln 2 y x 1 2 y ex 1

Since 2 y 0 at the initial value y 1, the solution would be

2 y e x 1 , or y 2 e x 1.
(B) Correct. The differential equation can be solved using separation of
variables and the initial condition to determine the appropriate value
for the arbitrary constant.
dy dy
2 y dx
dx 2 y
1
dy dx ln 2 y x C
2 y
ln 1 1 C C 1
ln 2 y x 1 ln 2 y x 1 2 y e1 x

Since 2 y 0 at the initial value y 1, the solution to the

differential equation is 2 y e1 x , or y 2 e1 x .
(C) Incorrect. This response would result if an arbitrary constant was not
included during the antidifferentiation.
dy dy
2 y dx
dx 2 y
1 x
dy dx ln 2 y x 2 y e
2 y
Since 2 y 0 at the initial value y 1, the solution would be
2 y e x , or y 2 e x.
(D) Incorrect. This response would result if an arbitrary constant was not
included during the antidifferentiation and the incorrect sign was
taken for the absolute value when solving for y.
dy dy
2 y dx
dx 2 y
1 x
dy dx ln 2 y x 2 y e
2 y
x x
2 y e y 2 e

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Question 17

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Interpreting the
Behavior of
2.B FUN-5.A Accumulation
Functions Involving
Area
(A) Incorrect. This is the x -coordinate of a critical point of g , not of a
point of inflection of the graph of g . The equation
g x x 2 5 x 14 x 2 x 7 0 might have been solved
for x rather than the equation g x 2 x 5 0.
(B) Correct. To find the point of inflection of the graph of g , determine
where g changes sign.
g x x2 5x 14
g x 2x 5
5 5
Then g x 0 at x . Since g x 0 for x and
2 2
5 5
g x 0 for x , the graph of g changes concavity at x
2 2
5
and therefore, the graph of g has a point of inflection at x .
2
(C) Incorrect. This is a value of x where g x 0, not a value where
g x 0.
(D) Incorrect. This is the x -coordinate of a critical point of g , not of a
point of inflection of the graph of g . The equation
g x x 2 5 x 14 x 2 x 7 0 might have been solved
for x rather than the equation g x 2 x 5 0.

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Question 18

Skill Learning Objective Topic

1.E FUN-3.B The Product Rule

(A) Incorrect. This response would result if the chain rule was correctly used
for the derivative of sec 2x but the product rule was incorrectly applied
d
as f x g x f x g x .
dx
3x 2 2sec 2 x tan 2 x
(B) Incorrect. This response would result if the product rule was correctly
used but the derivative of sec 2x was taken to be 2tan 2 2 x .
d
x3 sec 2 x 3 x 2 sec 2 x x3 tan 2 2 x 2 3 x 2sec 2 x
dx
(C) Incorrect. This response would result if the product rule was correctly
used but the chain rule was not used for the derivative of sec 2 x .
d
x3 sec 2 x 3 x 2 sec 2 x x3 sec 2 x tan 2 x 3 x 2sec 2 x
dx
(D) Correct. A combination of the product rule and the chain rule is used to
compute the derivative.
d 3 d
x sec 2 x x3 sec 2 x 3 x 2 sec 2 x
dx dx
x3 sec 2 x tan 2 x 2 3x 2sec 2 x
2 x3sec 2 x tan 2 x 3 x 2sec 2 x

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Question 19

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Straight-Line Motion:
Connecting Position,
2.B CHA-3.B
Velocity, and
Acceleration
(A) Correct. The velocity of the particle is v t 3t 2 8t 4. At time
t 1, v 1 1. Since the velocity is negative, the particle is moving
down the y -axis. The rate of change of the velocity is v t 6t 8.
At time t 1, v 1 2. Since this is negative, the particle is
moving with decreasing velocity at time t 1.
(B) Incorrect. It was correctly determined that the particle is moving
down the y -axis, but since v t 6t 8 and v 1 2, the
particle’s velocity is decreasing, not increasing.
(C) Incorrect. It was correctly determined that the particle is moving
with decreasing velocity, but since v t 3t 2 8t 4 and
v1 1, the particle is moving down the y -axis, not up the axis.
(D) Incorrect. Since v t 3t 2 8t 4 and v 1 1, the particle is
moving down the y -axis, not up the axis. Since v t 6t 8 and
v 1 2, the particle’s velocity is decreasing, not increasing.

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Question 20

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Applying Properties of
1.C FUN-6.A
Definite Integrals
(A) Incorrect. The value of this integral can be determined using the
properties of the definite integral, as follows.
1 4
g x dx g x dx 2 2
4 1
(B) Incorrect. The value of this integral can be determined using the
properties of the definite integral, as follows.
4 4
3 f x dx 3 f x dx 3 8 24
1 1
(C) Correct. It is not true in general that
4 4 4
3 f x g x dx 3 f x dx g x dx , so the individual
1 1 1
4 4
values of f x dx and g x dx cannot be used to determine
1 1
4 8
the value of 3 f x g x dx. For example, if f x and
1 3
2 4 4
g x , then f x dx 8, g x dx 2, and
3 1 1
4
4 16
3 f x g x dx dx 16. However, if
1 1 3
16 4 4
f x x 1 and g x x 1 , then f x dx 8
9 9 1
4
and g x dx 2 as before, but now
1
4
4 64 2 64
3 f x g x dx x 1 dx .
1 1 27 3
(D) Incorrect. The value of this integral can be determined using the
properties of the definite integral, as follows.
4 4 4
3f x g x dx 3 f x dx g x dx
1 1 1
4 4
3 f x dx g x dx 3 8 2 22
1 1

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Question 21

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Defining the Derivative

1.D CHA-2.B of a Function and Using
Derivative Notation
(A) Incorrect. This response might come from observing that the
numerator is zero when h 0 without consideration of the
denominator.
(B) Incorrect. This response might come from observing that both the
numerator and the denominator are zero when h 0 and
0
interpreting as equal to 1.
0
(C) Incorrect. This response would result if the limit of the difference
quotient was correctly recognized as the derivative of the function
f x sin 2 x , but the chain rule was not used in finding the
derivative.
(D) Correct. The limit of this difference quotient is of the form
f x h f x
lim , where f x sin 2 x . This is one way to
h 0 h
express the derivative of f . By the chain rule, f x cos 2 x 2.

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Question 22

Skill Learning Objective Topic

2.D FUN-7.C Sketching Slope Fields

(A) Incorrect. This response might be chosen because the slopes for the
dy
differential equation x y are nonnegative, which matches
dx
the behavior shown in the slope field. However, the segments in the
slope field where y 0 all have slope 0 and that would not be true
for this differential equation.
(B) Incorrect. This response might be chosen because the slope segments
look like they might match the behavior of the cubic polynomial
f x x3 . However, the slopes of the segments in the slope field
depend only on the variable y and that would not be true for the
dy
differential equation x3 .
dx
(C) Incorrect. This response might be chosen because the slopes for the
dy
differential equation y 3 depend only on the variable y and
dx
have the value 0 when y 0, which matches the behavior shown in
the slope field. However, the segments in the slope field all have
nonnegative slopes and that would not be true for this differential
equation when y 0.
(D) Correct. The segments in the slope field suggest that (1) the slopes
depend only on the variable y, (2) the slopes are nonnegative, and
(3) the slopes are zero when y 0. The differential equation
dy
y 2 satisfies all three conditions. The differential equation
dx
dy
x y does not satisfy conditions (1) and (3). The differential
dx
dy
equation x3 does not satisfy any of the conditions. The
dx
dy
differential equation y 3 does not satisfy condition (2) when
dx
y 0.

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Question 23

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Volumes with Cross

1.E CHA-5.B Sections - Squares and
Rectangles
(A) Incorrect. This response is the area of the region, not the volume of
the solid.
1 x 1
e dx ex e 1
0 0

(B) Correct. The area of a square of side length s is s2 . A typical cross

section of the solid is a square with side from the x -axis to the graph
of y e x . The length of the side of the square is therefore s ex ,
2
so the area of the square is e x e 2 x . The volume of the solid is
found using the definite integral of the cross-sectional area.
1
1 2x 1 2x 1 2 1
e dx e e
0 2 0 2 2
(C) Incorrect. This response would result if the volume was set up
correctly as the definite integral of the cross-sectional area e2 x , but
an error was made in the antidifferentiation by not considering the
chain rule, as follows.
1 2x 1
e dx e2 x e2 1
0 0
(D) Incorrect. This response would result if the volume was set up
correctly as the definite integral of the cross-sectional area e2 x , but
an error was made with respect to the chain rule in the
antidifferentiation of the exponential function (or the integrand was
differentiated rather than antidifferentiated), as follows.
1 2x 1
e dx 2e 2 x 2e 2 2
0 0

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Question 24

Skill Learning Objective Topic

The Fundamental
3.D FUN-6.B Theorem of Calculus
and Definite Integrals
(A) Correct. By the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus,
12
f x dx f 12 f 0 4 4 8, where the values of
0
f at x 0 and x 12 are obtained from the graph.
(B) Incorrect. This response would result if the function f was
integrated over the interval 0, 12 rather than f , as follows.
12 1 1 1
f x dx 4 4 4 3 4 4 6
0 2 2 2
(C) Incorrect. This response would result if the Fundamental Theorem of
Calculus was incorrectly applied, as follows.
12
f x dx f 12 f 0 1 1 0
0

(D) Incorrect. This response is the total area bounded by the graph of f
and the x -axis over the interval 0, 12 .
12 1 1 1
f x dx 4 4 4 3 4 4 8 6 8 22
0 2 2 2

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Question 25

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Verifying Solutions for Differential

3.G FUN-7.B
Equations
(A) Correct. One way to verify that a function is a solution to a differential equation is to
check that the function and its derivatives satisfy the differential equation. The
differential equation in this option involves y and y . The correct derivative must be
computed and the algebra correctly done to verify that the differential equation is
satisfied.
y 12e6 x
y 6y 30 12e6 x 6 2e 6 x 5 30 12e6 x 12e6 x 30 30 0
(B) Incorrect. The correct derivative was found, but this differential equation will appear to
be satisfied if the 12 in the second term is not distributed correctly across the two terms
in the parentheses, as follows.
y 12e6 x
2y 12 y 5 24e6 x 12 2e6 x 5 5 24e6 x 24e6 x 5 5 0
(C) Incorrect. This differential equation has y 2e6 x as a solution, not y 2e 6 x 5. Both
functions have y 12e6 x and y 72e6 x , but 72e6 x 5 12e6 x 6 2e 6 x 0,
whereas 72e6 x 5 12e6 x 6 2e 6 x 5 30.
(D) Incorrect. This differential equation will appear to be satisfied if the chain rule is not
used in taking the derivative of the exponential, as follows.
y 2e 6 x y 2e 6 x
y 2y y 5 2e 6 x 2 2e 6 x 2e 6 x 5 5 2e 6 x 4e 6 x 2e 6 x 5 5 0

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Question 26

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Using the Candidates

3.D FUN-4.A Test to Find Absolute
(Global) Extrema
(A) Incorrect. This response would result if the critical point was not
found, and the endpoint with the smallest function value was
selected.
(B) Correct. The absolute minimum will occur at a critical point or one
of the endpoints.
1 1 3
1 1 1
y 4x 3 2 0 x3 x
2 2 8
1
The candidates are x 0, x , and x 1.
8
When x 0, y 0.
4
1 1 3 1 3 1 1
When x , y 3 2 .
8 8 8 16 4 16
When x 1, y 1.
1
The absolute minimum is therefore at x .
8
1
Alternatively, since x is the only critical point and the Second
8
Derivative Test shows that it is the location of a local minimum, it
must also be the location of the absolute minimum on the interval
0, 1 .
(C) Incorrect. This response would result if an error in the power rule
has the derivative being computed as y 4 x 2 with a zero at
1
x . It was concluded that this was the location of a local
2
minimum from the Second Derivative Test and therefore had to be
the location of the absolute minimum, since it was the only critical
point in the interval 0, 1 .
1
1 1 3
(Note that y 3 1 and it is not obvious whether this
2 16
value is smaller or greater than y 0 0, so it would have been
1
difficult to use the Candidates Test. The y -value at x is actually
2
positive.)
(D) Incorrect. This is the value of x at which the maximum value of y
occurs on the interval 0, 1 .

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Question 27

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Interpreting the
3.F CHA-3.A Meaning of the
Derivative in Context
(A) Incorrect. The rate at which the depth of the water is increasing is
W t . Therefore, this sentence is an interpretation of the statement
W 2 3, not an interpretation about W t .
(B) Incorrect. The rate at which the depth of the water is increasing is
W t . Therefore, this sentence is an interpretation of the statement
W t 3 for all t in the interval 0 t 2.
(C) Correct. In the expression W 2 , the 2 represents the value of the
independent variable and is therefore the number of hours since the
tank began filling with water. W 2 , being the value of a derivative,
is the rate of change of W , that is, the rate of change of the rate at
which the depth of the water is rising; in this case, 2 hours after the
tank begins filling with water. The units for the derivative would be
the units of W per unit of time; thus, feet per hour per hour. The
statement says that at time 2 hours after the tank begins filling with
water, the rate at which the depth of the water is rising, W t , is
increasing at a rate that is greater than 3 feet per hour per hour.
(D) Incorrect. This sentence is an interpretation of the statement
W t 3 for all t in the interval 0 t 2. W 2 , being the value
of a derivative, is the instantaneous rate of change of W at the
particular instant t 2.

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Question 28

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Solving Related Rates

1.E CHA-3.E
Problems
(A) h
Incorrect. This response would result if the relationship tan
30
was correctly used, where h is the height of the balloon above the
point P at time t , but then the derivative of tan was taken to be
sec tan rather than sec 2 .
d 1 dh
sec tan
dt 30 dt
At the instant when h 40 , the distance from the person to the
balloon is 302 402 2500 50.
50 40 d 1 1 d 1 3 3 3
2
30 30 dt 30 15 dt 15 5 4 100
(B) Correct. If h t is the height of the balloon above the point P at
h
time t , then tan . Using implicit differentiation with respect
30
d 1 dh
to t shows that sec 2 . At the instant when h 40, the
dt 30 dt
distance from the person to the balloon is
50 5
302 402 2500 50. At this instant, sec and
30 3
2
5 d 1 1 d 1 9 3
therefore 2 .
3 dt 30 15 dt 15 25 125
(C) h
Incorrect. This response would result if the relationship tan
30
was correctly used, where h is the height of the balloon above the
point P at time t , but then the derivative of tan was taken to be
sin rather than sec 2 .
d 1 dh
sin
dt 30 dt
At the instant when h 40, the distance from the person to the
balloon is 302 402 2500 50.
40 d 1 1 d 1 5 1
2
50 dt 30 15 dt 15 4 12
(D) h
Incorrect. This response would result if the relationship tan
30
was correctly used, where h is the height of the balloon above the
point P at time t , but then the derivative of tan was taken to be
cos 2 rather than sec 2 .
d 1 dh
cos 2
dt 30 dt
At the instant when h 40, the distance from the person to the
balloon is 302 402 2500 50.
2
30 d 1 1 d 1 25 5
2
50 dt 30 15 dt 15 9 27
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Question 29

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Connecting Infinite Limits and

2.B LIM-2.D
Vertical Asymptotes
(A) Correct. Since
x 2 x 2 x 2 1
x 4 16 x2 4 x2 4 x 2 x 2 x2 4 x 2 x2 4
for x 2, the graph has only one vertical asymptote, which is at x 2. The
graph has a removable discontinuity at x 2.
(B) Incorrect. The denominator is
x4 16 x2 4 x2 4 x 2 x 2 x2 4 which has two zeros,
which might lead to the conclusion that there are two vertical asymptotes.
(C) Incorrect. The expression might have been correctly simplified to
x 2 x 2 x 2 1
4 2 2 2
x 16 x 4 x 4 x 2 x 2 x 4 x 2 x2 4
for x 2, but then the conclusion was made that there are three vertical
asymptotes because the denominator is a cubic polynomial.
(D) Incorrect. Since the denominator is a quartic polynomial, the assumption
might have been made that there are four zeros and therefore four vertical
asymptotes.

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Question 30

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Riemann Sums,
Summation Notation,
3.D LIM-5.C
and Definite Integral
Notation
(A) Incorrect. The sum can be interpreted as a right Riemann sum in the
n
2
form f 1 k x x where f x x 2 and x The value
k 1
n
of x corresponds to an interval of length 2, but b is not equal to
2 because the interval starts at x 1.
(B) Correct. The sum can be interpreted as a right Riemann sum in the
n
2
form f 1 k x x where f x x 2 and x The value
k 1
n
of x corresponds to an interval of length 2. The sum starts with
the right endpoint 1 x and ends with the right endpoint
1 n x so the Riemann sum is over the interval 1, 3 .
3
The limit of the Riemann sum is the definite integral f x dx.
1
b 2
There could not be another value of b for which x dx has the
1
3 2 b 2
same value as x dx since I b x dx is a strictly increasing
1 1
function of b. Therefore, b 3 is the only choice.
(C) Incorrect. Suppose the value of the limit is A. The equation
b 2 b3 1 1
A x dx has only one solution, b 3A 1 3 .
1 3 3
Therefore, b could not be any real number.
(D) Incorrect. This response might come from believing that the limit
does not exist since it involves an infinite summation.

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Question 76

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Determining Intervals
on Which a Function Is
2.E FUN-4.A
Increasing or
Decreasing
(A) Incorrect. The graph of f is concave up where f is increasing.
This response might come from switching the roles of the function
and its derivative and thinking that f is increasing where the graph
of f is concave up. The graph of f is concave up on the intervals
0, 1 and 2, 4 .
(B) Incorrect. This response might come from treating the given graph
as the graph of f rather than the graph of f . These are the two
intervals where f is increasing.
(C) Incorrect. These are the intervals where both f and f are
increasing.
Correct. The function f is increasing on closed intervals where f
is positive on the corresponding open intervals. The graph indicates
that f x 0 on the intervals 0, 2 and 4, 5 , so f is
increasing on the intervals 0, 2 and 4, 5 .

Question 77

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Straight-Line Motion:
Connecting Position,
1.E CHA-3.B
Velocity, and
Acceleration
(A) Incorrect. This response is the acceleration of the object at time
t 3.
Correct. The velocity is the derivative of the height. Using the
calculator, v 3 h 3 7.778.
(C) Incorrect. This response is the height of the object at time t 3.
(D) 3
Incorrect. This response is the value of h t dt.
1

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Question 78

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Approximating Values
of a Function Using
1.E CHA-3.F
Local Linearity and
Linearization
(A) Correct. An equation of the line tangent to the graph of g at x a
is y g a g a x a . In this question, a 1. The value of
y when x 1.2 would be an approximation to g 1.2 .
g 1.2 g 1 g 1 1.2 1 4 2 0.2 3.6
(B) Incorrect. This response would result if the derivative was not used
as the slope of the tangent line, as follows.
g 1.2 g 1 x
(C) Incorrect. This response would result if the derivative was not used
as the slope of the tangent line, and x was taken to be 0.2 rather
than 0.2, as follows.
g 1.2 g 1 x
(D) Incorrect. During the evaluation of the change in y along the tangent
line, the change in x was incorrectly taken to be 0.2 rather than
0.2, as follows.
g 1.2 g 1 y g g x

Question 79

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Finding the Average

3.F CHA-4.B Value of a Function on
an Interval
(A) Incorrect. The definite integral was not divided by the length of the
interval 30, 60 over which the averaging is done.
(B) Correct. The average value of a function f over an interval a, b is
1 b
f x dx. Tara’s average heart rate from t 30 to t 60 is
b a a
the average value of the function h over the interval 30, 60 and
1 60
would therefore be given by the expression h t dt.
60 30 30
(C) Incorrect. This response is the average rate of change of Tara’s heart
rate from t 30 to t 60, not the average of her heart rate over
that interval. By the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, this
h 60 h 30
expression is equal to .
60 30
(D) Incorrect. This response is the average of the rate of change of Tara’s
heart rate at the two times t 30 and t 60, not the average of her
heart rate over the interval from t 30 to t 60.

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Question 80

Skill Learning Objective Topic

The Fundamental
1.E FUN-6.B Theorem of Calculus
and Definite Integrals
(A) Incorrect. This response comes from taking
g5 g 2 g 5 7 g 5 4.402.
(B) Incorrect. This response is the value of g 5 , not the value of g 5 .
(C) Correct. By the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus,
5
g 5 g 2 g x dx. Therefore,
2
5 5
g 5 g 2 x3 x dx 7 x3 x dx 13.899,
2 2
where the evaluation of the definite integral is done with the
calculator.
(D) Incorrect. This response would result if the initial condition was not
included in the computation, resulting in
5
g 5 x3 x dx 20.899.
2

Question 81

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Exploring Types of
2.B LIM-2.A
Discontinuities
(A) Incorrect. The function corresponding to this graph has a jump
discontinuity at x 3, not a removable one, because
lim f x lim f x .
x 3 x 3
(B) Incorrect. The function corresponding to this graph has a jump
discontinuity at x 3, not a removable one, because
lim f x lim f x .
x 3 x 3
(C) Correct. A removable discontinuity occurs at x c if lim f x
x c
exists, but f c does not exist or is not equal to the value of the
limit. This graph could be the graph of f since lim f x exists but
x 3
is not equal to f 3 .
(D) Incorrect. The function corresponding to this graph has a
discontinuity at x 3 due to a vertical asymptote, not a removable
discontinuity.

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Question 82

Skill Learning Objective Topic

1.E FUN-6.A Applying Properties of Definite Integrals

(A) Correct. Using the property of definite integrals over adjacent intervals,
20 17 20
f x dx f x dx f x dx 8 3 5.
0 0 17
Another application of the same property gives
20 13 20 13 20 20
f x dx f x dx f x dx f x dx f x dx f x dx.
0 0 13 0 0 13
13 20 20
Therefore, f x dx f x dx f x dx 5 7 2.
0 0 13

(B) Incorrect. Using the property of definite integrals over adjacent intervals,
20 13 20 13 20 20
f x dx f x dx f x dx f x dx f x dx f x dx.
0 0 13 0 0 13
20
However, if f x dx was incorrectly determined to be
0
17 20
f x dx f x dx 8 3 11 rather than
0 17
17 20
f x dx f x dx 8 3 5, the result would be as follows.
0 17
13 20 20
f x dx f x dx f x dx 11 7 4
0 0 13

(C) Incorrect. This response would result if the property of definite integrals over adjacent
intervals was not used appropriately. The values of the three definite integrals might
have been added, as follows.
17 20 20
f x dx f x dx f x dx 8 3 7 12
0 17 13

(D) Incorrect. The property of definite integrals over adjacent intervals was not used
appropriately. The absolute values of the definite integrals were added, as follows.
17 20 20
f x dx f x dx f x dx 8 3 7 18
0 17 13

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Question 83

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Removing
3.D LIM-2.C
Discontinuities
(A) Correct. The limit at x 3 exists if the left-hand and right-hand
limits are equal.
16
lim f x lim f x k3 3 2
x 3 x 3 k 3
The solution to this equation for k 0 is k 2.081. With this value
of k , lim f x exists and is equal to f 3 . Therefore, f is
x 3
continuous at x 3.
(B) Incorrect. This response comes from trying to make the left-hand and
right-hand limits of the derivative equal at x 3, as follows.
1 for x 3
f x 16
2
for x 3
k2 x
16
lim f x lim f x 1 2
x 3 x 3 2
k 3
The solution to this equation for k 0 is k 2.646.
(C) Incorrect. In trying to set the left-hand and right-hand limits of f
equal at x 3, the 3 might have been substituted for the parameter
k rather than the variable x, as follows.
16
27 x
9 x
The positive solution to this equation is x 8.550.
(D) Incorrect. This response might come from errors that lead to an
equation that has no positive solution. For example, it might come
from trying to make the left-hand and right-hand limits of the
derivative equal at x 3 but also making a chain rule error in the
derivative of the piece for x 3, as follows.
1 for x 3
f x 16
2
for x 3
k2 x
16
lim f x lim f x 1 2
x 3 x 3 k2 3
This equation has no solution for k .

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Question 84

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Working with the

3.D FUN-1.A Intermediate Value
Theorem
(A) Incorrect. By the Intermediate Value Theorem, the function f is
guaranteed to have at least one zero, but it could have more. For
2 3 14
example, the function f x x 2 x2 x 1 satisfies the
3 3
values in the table, but it has three zeros.
(B) Incorrect. The largest value of f in the table occurs at x 2, but
that does not guarantee that f has a relative maximum at x 2.
2 3 14
For example, the function f x x 2 x2 x 1 satisfies the
3 3
values in the table, but it does not have a relative maximum at x 2
because f 2 0.
(C) Correct. Since f is continuous on the closed interval 5, 2 and
f 5 4 f 2 , then by the Intermediate Value Theorem there
must be a value c in the open interval 5, 2 such that f c 4.
(D) f 2 f 5 14
Incorrect. While it is true that 2, the Mean
2 5 7
Value Theorem cannot be used to claim that there exists a value c in
the open interval 5, 2 such that f c 2 because there is no
assumption that f is differentiable on the open interval 5, 2 .
Consider the function f defined as follows.
9 for x 1
10 x 1 for 1 x 0
f x
4 x 1 for 0 x 1
5 for x 1
The graph of f goes through each of the points in the table, but
none of the linear pieces of the graph has slope 2.

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Question 85

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Using the First

3.D FUN-4.A Derivative Test to Find
Relative (Local) Extrema
(A) Incorrect. This is a value of x where f x g x 0. But since
the graph of y g x goes from negative to positive at this point,
this would be a local minimum for the graph of y f x , not a
local maximum.
(B) Incorrect. This is a value of x where g x 0, not where
f x g x 0. It is the x -coordinate of a local maximum for
the graph of y g x , not for the graph of y f x .
(C) Incorrect. This is a value of x where g x 0, not where
f x g x 0. It is the x -coordinate of a local minimum for the
graph of y g x .
(D) Correct. A local maximum for the graph of y f x occurs at a
value of x where f g changes from positive to negative. The
graph of y g x crosses the x -axis from positive to negative at
x 3.140.

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Question 86

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Connecting a Function,
2.B FUN-4.A Its First Derivative, and
Its Second Derivative
(A) Correct. The graph of f indicates that f is increasing from x 0
to x 2, then decreasing from x 2 to x 3, and then increasing
from x 3 to x 5. Therefore, the graph of f should be positive
from x 0 to x 2, negative from x 2 to x 3, and positive
from x 3 to x 5. This graph is the only one that has this
behavior, so it could be the graph of f . Some other features of the
graph of f support this conclusion. Since f is not differentiable at
x 2, the graph of f should not be defined at x 2. Since f
has a local minimum at x 3 and is differentiable there, f 3
should equal 0. This graph is consistent with those observations.
(B) Incorrect. This graph shows the correct sign for f on the interval
from x 0 to x 2. However, the sign of f should be negative
from x 2 to x 3 and positive from x 3 to x 5, since f
changes from decreasing to increasing over the interval 2, 5 . That
is the opposite of what is happening between x 2 and x 5 in
this graph. In addition, the graph of f does not support the
conclusion that lim f x lim f x , as suggested in this graph.
x 2 x 2
(C) Incorrect. This graph shows the correct sign for f on the interval
from x 2 to x 5. However, the sign of f should be positive
from x 0 to x 2, not negative, since f is increasing from
x 0 to x 2. In addition, the graph of f does not support the
conclusion that lim f x lim f x , as suggested in this graph.
x 2 x 2
(D) Incorrect. This graph shows the correct sign for f on the interval
from x 0 to x 3. However, the sign of f should be positive
from x 3 to x 5, since f is increasing over the interval 3, 5 .
In addition, the graph of f does not support the conclusion that
lim f x 0, as suggested in this graph.
x 2

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Question 87

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Connecting Position,
Velocity, and
1.E CHA-4.C
Acceleration Functions
Using Integrals
(A) Incorrect. It was correctly determined that the particle changes
direction from moving left to moving right at t b 1.84527. This
value might have been stored in the calculator, and the stored value
used for the limit of integration in order to ensure accuracy.
However, this response is the displacement during the time interval
0 t b, not the total distance traveled.
b 1.84527
v t dt t sin t 3 dt 0.212
0 0

(B) Incorrect. The zero of v t where the velocity changes from positive
to negative was found to be t a 1.46459. This value might have
been stored in the calculator, and the stored value used for the limit
of integration in order to ensure accuracy. This is the time when the
particle changes direction from moving right to moving left, not
from left to right. The total distance traveled by the particle during
the time interval 0 t a is
a 1.46459
v t dt t sin t 3 dt 0.612.
0 0

(C) Correct. The graph of the velocity over the interval 0, 2 shows
that the velocity changes from positive to negative, then back to
positive. The time at which the particle changes direction from
moving left to moving right, therefore, is the second zero of v t ,
where the velocity changes from negative to positive. This zero is at
t b 1.84527. Store this value in the calculator, and use the
stored value for the limit of integration in order to ensure accuracy.
The total distance traveled by the particle during the time interval
b 1.84527
0 t b is v t dt t sin t 3 dt 1.011.
0 0

(D) Incorrect. This response is the total distance traveled by the particle
during the entire time interval 0 t 2.
2 2
v t dt t sin t 3 dt 1.208
0 0

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Question 88

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Interpreting the
1.E CHA-3.A Meaning of the
Derivative in Context
(A) Incorrect. This response might be chosen if the calculation of the
average rate of change resulted in a value that was greater than 0 or
less than 0.5. It would also be chosen if the average rate of change
was correctly found to be 0.39206, but the instantaneous rate of
change was taken to be the second derivative of f , not the first
derivative. In either case, the resulting equation would have no
solution in the interval 0, 1.565 .
(B) Incorrect. This response would be chosen if the average rate of
change was correctly found to be 0.39206, but the graph of f , not
f , was drawn to determine the number of intersection points with
the horizontal line y 0.39206. It would also be chosen if the
instantaneous rate of change was correctly identified as the derivative
of f , but the average rate of change over the interval 0, 1.565 was
thought to be the average at the endpoints,
f 0 f 1.565
0.30678, or the average value of the function
2
1 1.565
over the interval, f x dx 0.32195. In all these cases,
1.565 0
the resulting equation would have only one solution in the interval
0, 1.565 .
(C) Correct. The average rate of change of f on the closed interval
f 1.565 f 0
0, 1.565 is 0.39206. The instantaneous rate
1.565 0
1
of change of f is the derivative, f x x3 2 x 2 x . The
2
graph of f , produced using the calculator, intersects the horizontal
line y 0.39206 three times in the open interval 0, 1.565 .
(D) Incorrect. This response might be chosen because the function f is
a polynomial of degree 4.

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Question 89

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Sketching Graphs of
3.E FUN-4.A Functions and Their
Derivatives
(A) Incorrect. The graph of g is increasing because g x 0 and
concave up because g x 0. The secant line through the points
3, 12 and 5, 18 is y 3 x 3 12. Because the graph of g is
increasing and concave up, the graph will lie above the secant line
for x 5. In particular, the value of g 6 is strictly greater than the
value of y on the secant line at x 6, that is,
g 6 3 6 3 12 21. Therefore, g 6 cannot equal 21.
(B) Correct. The graph of g is increasing because g x 0 and
concave up because g x 0. The secant line through the points
3, 12 and 5, 18 is y 3 x 3 12. Because the graph of g is
increasing and concave up, the graph will lie above the secant line
for x 5. In particular, the value of g 6 is strictly greater than the
value of y on the secant line at x 6, that is,
g 6 3 6 3 12 21. Therefore, 22 is the only possible
value for g 6 .
(C) Incorrect. The graph of g is increasing because g x 0 and
concave up because g x 0. The secant line through the points
3, 12 and 5, 18 is y 3 x 3 12. Because the graph of g is
increasing and concave up, the graph will lie above the secant line
for x 5. In particular, the value of g 6 is strictly greater than the
value of y on the secant line at x 6, that is,
g 6 3 6 3 12 21. Therefore, g 6 cannot equal 20 or
21.
(D) Incorrect. The graph of g is increasing because g x 0 and
concave up because g x 0. The secant line through the points
3, 12 and 5, 18 is y 3 x 3 12. Because the graph of g is
increasing and concave up, the graph will lie above the secant line
for x 5. In particular, the value of g 6 is strictly greater than the
value of y on the secant line at x 6, that is,
g 6 3 6 3 12 21. Therefore, g 6 could equal 22, but
not 21.

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Question 90

Skill Learning Objective Topic

Differentiating Inverse
1.E FUN-3.E
Functions
(A) Incorrect. This response would result if it was correctly determined
that g 2 f 1 2 3, but a sign error was made in taking
1 1
g 2 rather than g 2 , perhaps by combining
f 3 f 3
the calculations of the slope of an inverse function and the slope of a
perpendicular line.
(B) Incorrect. This response would result if the derivative of g at x 2
was taken to be the reciprocal of the derivative of f at x 2,
1 1
resulting in g 2 instead of
f 2 4
1 1 1
g 2 . In addition, the line was computed
f g 2 f 3 5
using the point 2, 1 on the graph of f rather than the point
2, 3 on the graph of g .
(C) Correct. Since f g x x, the chain rule can be used to
determine that f g x g x 1. Substituting x 2 gives
1 1
1 f g 2 g 2 f 3 g 2 g 2 . Since
f 3 5
1
g 2 f 3, an equation of the line tangent to the graph of
2
1
g at x 2 is therefore y x 2 3.
5
(D) Incorrect. This response is an equation of the line tangent to the
graph of f at the point where x 2 rather than the line tangent to
the graph of g , the inverse function of f , at x 2.

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AP® CALCULUS AB
2019 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 1

(a) E 7 6.164924 1 : answer with units

The rate of change of E t at time t 7 is 6.165 (or 6.164) cars

per hour per hour.

12 1 : integrand
(b) E t dt 520.070489 2:
0 1 : answer

To the nearest whole number, 520 cars enter the parking lot from
time t 0 to time t 12.

12 L 2 L 5 L 5 L 9
(c) L t dt 5 2 9 5 1 : trapezoidal sum
2 2 2
L 9 L 11 L 11 L 12 3: 1 : approximation
11 9 12 11 1 : explanation
2 2
15 40 40 24 24 68 68 18
3 4 2 1
2 2 2 2
345.5

12
L t dt is the number of cars that leave the parking lot in the
2
10 hours between 7 A.M. (t 2) and 5 P.M. (t 12).

6 12
(d) 5 E t dt 8 E t dt 3530.1396 1 : integrand
0 6
3: 1 : limits and constants
To the nearest dollar, 3530 dollars are collected from time t 0 to 1 : answer
time t 12.

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AP® CALCULUS AB
2019 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 2

3 3 3
(a) f x g x dx f x dx g x dx 1 : definite integral of f
0 0 0
3 3: 1 : uses area of R
f x dx 3.24125 4.919585 1 : answer
0

The area of region S is 4.920 (or 4.919).

3 2 2
(b) f x 3 g x 3 dx 1 : form of integrand
0
3 3 1 : integrand
f x 3 2
dx g x 2
6g x 9 dx 4:
0 0 1 : uses areas of R and T
3 2 3 2 3 3 1 : limits, constant, and answer
f x 3 dx g x dx 6 g x dx 9 dx
0 0 0 0
3 2
f x 3 dx 5.32021 6 3.24125 9 3
0
156.263709

The volume of the solid is 156.264 (or 156.263).

3 2 1 : integrand
(c) Volume 7 f x g x dx 2:
0 1 : expression

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AP® CALCULUS AB
2019 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 3

f 4 f 3 1 0 1
(a) Average rate of change 1 : answer
4 3 7 7

(b) f 3 3 1: f 3
3 3cos 3
2 2:
1 : equation
x
For 0 x 4, f x 1 3 sin
2 2
3 3
f 3 1 3sin 1
2 2 2

3
An equation for the tangent line is y 3 1 x 3.
2

(c) The average value of f on the interval 3 x 4 is 1 : integrals of f over

1 4 3 x 0 and 0 x 4
f x dx.
4 3 3 0
1 : value of 9 x 2 dx
3
4:
1 : antiderivative of
4 0 4 x
f x dx f x dx f x dx x 3cos
3 3 0 2
1 : answer
0 0 9
f x dx 9 x 2 dx
3 3 4

4 4
4 x 1 2 6 x
f x dx x 3cos dx x sin 8
0 0 2 2 2 0

1 4 1 9
f x dx 8
4 3 3 7 4

(d) lim f x f 0 3 and lim f x 3, so f is continuous at 1 : continuity at x 0

x 0 x 0 2:
1 : answer with justification
x 0.

Because f is continuous on 3, 4 , the Extreme Value Theorem

guarantees that f attains an absolute maximum on 3, 4 .

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AP® CALCULUS AB
2019 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 4

0 9 3
(a) g 0 f t dt 3 1: g 0
4 2 2
1 : integral of f over 1 t 4
4:
4 1 : antiderivative
g 4 f t dt 1: g 4
4
0 1 4
f t dt f t dt f t dt
4 0 1
3 4
5 t2 5t 4 dt
2 1
4
3 1 3 5 2
5 t t 4t
2 3 2 1
3 1 3 5 2 1 3 5 2
5 4 4 4 4 1 1 4 1
2 3 2 3 2
3 8 11
5 11
2 3 6

(b) g x f x is negative for 1 x 0, and nonnegative 1: g x f x

elsewhere. Thus, the absolute minimum value of g on 4, 4 can 1 : identifies x 4 and x 0
3:
only occur at x 4 or x 0. as candidates
1 : answer with justification
g 4 0
3
g 0
2

The absolute minimum value of g on 4, 4 is g 4 0.

(c) The graph of g is concave down on the intervals 2 1

x , 1 : intervals
2 2:
1 5 1 : reason
x 1, and x 4 because g x f x is decreasing on
2 2
these intervals.

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AP® CALCULUS AB
2019 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 5

t 2
2 t2 1 4 t2 1 1 4
(a) te 4 dt e e 1 : integral
0 2 t 0 2 2
3: 1 : antiderivative
1 : answer
1 1 4
Chloe traveled e miles from time t 0 to time t 2.
2 2

(b) C 3 6 0 1: C 3 0 and C 3 0
2:
C 3 9 0 1 : answer with reason

Chloe’s speed is increasing at time t 3 because her velocity and

acceleration have the same sign.

B 4 B 0
(c) B is differentiable B is continuous on 0, 4 . 1:
2: 4 0
1 : answer with justification
B 4 B 0 11 1
2.5
4 0 4 0

By the Mean Value Theorem, there is a time t, for 0 t 4, such

that B t 2.5 miles per hour per hour.

(d) B and C are continuous on 0, 2 , therefore B C is continuous on 1 : considers B t C t

2:
0, 2 . 1 : answer with justification

B 0 C 0 1 0 0
B 2 C 2 1.5 2 0

By the Intermediate Value Theorem, there is a time t, for 0 t 2,

such that B t C t 0, or B t C t .

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AP® CALCULUS AB
2019 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 6

d d dy dy
(a) 2 x2 3y2 4 xy 36 4x 6y 4y 4x 0 1 : implicit differentiation
dx dx dx dx 2:
1 : verification
dy dy 4y 4x 2y 2x
6y 4x 4y 4x
dx dx 6y 4x 3y 2x

(b) x 6 2 62 3y2 4 6 y 36 1 : slope at 6, 2

2:
y 2
8y 12 0 y 2 or y 6 1 : slope at 6, 6
dy 4 12 4
dx x, y 6, 2 6 12 3
4
The slope of the line tangent to the curve at 6, 2 is .
3
dy 12 12
0
dx x, y 6, 6 18 12
The slope of the line tangent to the curve at 6, 6 is 0.

(c) The curve has vertical tangent lines where 3 y 2x 0 and 1 : sets 3 y 2x 0
2:
2 y 2 x 0. 1 : answer
2
2 2 2
3y 2x 0 x y2 x2 3 x 4x x 36
3 3 3
4 8 2 2 2
2 x x 36 x2 54
3 3 3
Because x is positive, x 3 6 .

(d) d 2 x 2 3y2 4 xy
d
36 1 : chain rules or product rule
dt dt
dy dy 3: 1 : derivative with respect to t
dx dx
4x 6y 4 x y 0 1 : answer
dt
dt dt dt
dx dy
4x 4 y 6 y 4x 0
dt dt
dx dx
4 2 4 2 6 2 4 2 4 0 5
dt t 1 dt t 1

— OR —

dy dy dx 2 y 2 x dx
dt dx dt 3 y 2 x dt
2 2 2 2 dx 4 dx dx
4 5
3 2 2 2 dt t 1 5 dt t 1 dt t 1

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2019 AP Calculus AB Scoring Worksheet

Section I: Multiple Choice

1.2000 =
Number Correct Weighted Section I Score
(out of 45) (Do not round)

Section II: Free Response

Question 1 1.0000 =
(out of 9) (Do not round)

Question 2 1.0000 =
(out of 9) (Do not round)

Question 3 1.0000 =
(out of 9) (Do not round)

Question 4 1.0000 =
(out of 9) (Do not round)

Question 5 1.0000 =
(out of 9) (Do not round)

Question 6 1.0000 =
(out of 9) (Do not round)

Sum =
Weighted
Section II
Score
(Do not round)

Composite Score

+ =
Weighted Weighted Composite Score
Section I Score Section II Score (Round to nearest
whole number)

AP Score Conversion Chart

Calculus AB
Composite
Score Range AP Score
69-108 5
56-68 4
43-55 3
27-42 2
0-26 1

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2019 AP Calculus AB
Question Descriptors and Performance Data

Multiple-Choice Questions

Question Skill Learning Objective Topic Key % Correct

Finding Antiderivatives and Indefinite Integrals -
1 1.E FUN-6.C B 88
Basic Rules and Notation
Defining the Derivative of a Function
2 1.D CHA-2.C C 65
and Using Derivative Notation
3 1.E FUN-3.C The Chain Rule D 66
4 1.E FUN-6.D Integrating Using Substitution D 54
5 2.B FUN-4.A Determining Concavity of Functions over Their Domains C 70
6 1.E FUN-3.D Implicit Differentiation D 41
x
7 1.E FUN-3.A Derivatives of cos x, sin x, e , and ln x D 62
8 2.B LIM-2.D Connecting Limits at Infinity and Horizontal Asymptotes B 50
Finding the Area Between Curves Expressed
9 1.E CHA-5.A B 64
as Functions of x
10 1.E FUN-3.B The Quotient Rule A 64
11 1.E FUN-6.A Applying Properties of Definite Integrals A 53
12 3.D FUN-1.B Using the Mean Value Theorem C 63
Using L'Hospital's Rule for Finding Limits
13 1.E LIM-4.A A 60
of Indeterminate Forms
14 2.C FUN-7.F Exponential Models with Differential Equations D 75
Connecting Differentiability and Continuity -
15 3.C FUN-2.A A 54
Determining When Derivatives Do and Do Not Exist
16 1.E FUN-7.D Finding General Solutions Using Separation of Variables B 30
Interpreting the Behavior of Accumulation Functions
17 2.B FUN-5.A B 65
Involving Area
18 1.E FUN-3.B The Product Rule D 62
Straight-Line Motion: Connecting Position, Velocity,
19 2.B CHA-3.B A 34
and Acceleration
20 1.C FUN-6.A Applying Properties of Definite Integrals C 57
Defining the Derivative of a Function
21 1.D CHA-2.B D 61
and Using Derivative Notation
22 2.D FUN-7.C Sketching Slope Fields D 49
23 1.E CHA-5.B Volumes with Cross Sections - Squares and Rectangles B 36
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
24 3.D FUN-6.B A 40
and Definite Integrals
25 3.G FUN-7.B Verifying Solutions for Differential Equations A 34
Using the Candidates Test to Find Absolute (Global)
26 3.D FUN-4.A B 53
Extrema
27 3.F CHA-3.A Interpreting the Meaning of the Derivative in Context C 66
28 1.E CHA-3.E Solving Related Rates Problems B 36
29 2.B LIM-2.D Connecting Infinite Limits and Vertical Asymptotes A 34
Riemann Sums, Summation Notation, and Definite
30 3.D LIM-5.C B 27
Integral Notation

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2019 AP Calculus AB
Question Descriptors and Performance Data

Question Skill Learning Objective Topic Key % Correct

Determining Intervals on Which a Function Is Increasing
76 2.E FUN-4.A D 82
or Decreasing
Straight-Line Motion: Connecting Position, Velocity,
77 1.E CHA-3.B B 86
and Acceleration
Approximating Values of a Function Using Local
78 1.E CHA-3.F A 66
Linearity and Linearization
79 3.F CHA-4.B Finding the Average Value of a Function on an Interval B 61
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
80 1.E FUN-6.B C 62
and Definite Integrals
81 2.B LIM-2.A Exploring Types of Discontinuities C 81
82 1.E FUN-6.A Applying Properties of Definite Integrals A 71
83 3.D LIM-2.C Removing Discontinuities A 53
84 3.D FUN-1.A Working with the Intermediate Value Theorem C 48
Using the First Derivative Test to Find Relative (Local)
85 3.D FUN-4.A D 51
Extrema
Connecting a Function, Its First Derivative,
86 2.B FUN-4.A A 76
and Its Second Derivative
Connecting Position, Velocity, and Acceleration
87 1.E CHA-4.C C 32
Functions Using Integrals
88 1.E CHA-3.A Interpreting the Meaning of the Derivative in Context C 33
89 3.E FUN-4.A Sketching Graphs of Functions and Their Derivatives B 33
90 1.E FUN-3.E Differentiating Inverse Functions C 37

Free-Response Questions

Question Skill Learning Objective Topic Mean Score

1 1.E|3.D|3.F|4.D|4.A|4.B|4.C|4.E CHA-2.D|CHA-4.E|LIM-5.A 2.3|8.3|6.2|8.3 6.03
2 1.D|1.E|2.B|4.E CHA-5.A|CHA-5.C|CHA-5.B 8.4|8.12|8.7 3.46
3 1.D|1.E|3.C|3.D|4.A CHA-2.A|CHA-2.C|CHA-4.B|FUN-1.C 2.1|2.2|8.1|5.2 1.71
4 1.D|1.E|2.B|2.E|4.A FUN-6.A|FUN-4.A 6.6|5.5|5.6 2.98
5 1.D|1.E|3.D|3.E|4.A CHA-4.C|CHA-3.B|FUN-1.B|FUN-1.A 8.2|4.2|5.1|1.16 2.71
6 1.C|1.E|3.G|4.C FUN-3.D|FUN-4.E|CHA-3.E 3.2|5.12|4.5 2.98

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