MATH 001 Engineering & Sciences Mathematics 1

Lecture Notes

Module I

 Review of Real Numbers and Their Properties.

 Exponents and Radicals.
 Polynomials and Special Products.
 Factoring Polynomials.
 Rational Expressions.
 The Rectangular Coordinate System and Graphs.

Text Book: Algebra & Trigonometry 10th Edition. (2020). Ron Larson
CENGAGE Learning. ISBN-13: 978-1-337-27117-2
 MODULE-1
BASIC CONCEPTS OF ALGEBRA (Week 1 to Week 4)

Summative
Article # CLO Page # Class Work Problems Week# Practice Problems
Assessment
1.1 09, 10, 20, 21, 23,
07, 08, 17, 19, 22, 24, 27, 28, 33, 37, 47, 56, 65, 67,
P–1 & 12 1&2 25, 26, 36, 38, 48,
69, 72
2.1 55, 66, 68, 70, 71
Quiz #1
1.1
P–2 & 24 Ex- 1 Page 15, 29, 32, 35, 38,48, 54 3
14, 27, 31, 36, 37, in
49, 53
2.1 Week -4
1.1 10, 11, 13, 22, 24, from topics
P–3 & 26 09, 14, 15, 16, 20, 21, 25, 26, 39, 43, 44, 59, 62, 75 3 27, 40, 46, 57, 60,
2.1 61, 77 P - 1 to P - 4
1.1
06, 08, 10, 14, 22,
P–4 & 34 05, 07, 09, 13, 19, 21, 33, 37, 43, 50 4
23, 34, 40, 44, 51
Assignment #1
2.4 in
1.1
P–5 & 48 07, 09, 13, 15, 33, 34, 41 4
08, 10, 14, 16, 35, Week -5
36, 44 from
2.1
1.1 Module-I
P–6 & 51 05, 18, 19, 29, 38 4 06, 17, 20, 33, 36
2.1

Page 2 of 50
Page 3 of 50
 EXERCISE: P1
CW-1 Q:07

Determine which numbers in the set

𝟕 𝟐
{−𝟗 , − , 𝟓, , √𝟐 , 𝟎, 𝟏, −𝟒 , 𝟐, −𝟏𝟏 } are:
𝟐 𝟑

(a) Natural numbers (b) Whole numbers (c) Integers

(d) Rational numbers (e) Irrational numbers

Solution:
(a) Natural numbers

(b) Whole numbers

(c) Integers

(d) Rational numbers

(e) Irrational numbers

CW-2 Q:08

Determine which numbers in the set

𝟕 𝟓
{√𝟓 , −𝟕, − , 𝟎, 𝟑. 𝟏𝟒, , −𝟑 , 𝟏𝟐, 𝟓 } are:
𝟑 𝟒

(a) Natural numbers (b) Whole numbers (c) Integers

(d) Rational numbers (e) Irrational numbers

Solution:
(a) Natural numbers

(b) Whole numbers

(c) Integers

(d) Rational numbers

(e) Irrational numbers

Page 4 of 50
CW-3 Q:17

For the inequality 𝒙 ≤ 𝟓

(a) sketch the subset on the real number line

(b) state whether the subset is bounded or unbounded

Solution:

CW-4 Q:19

For the inequality −𝟐 < 𝒙 < 𝟐

(a) sketch the subset on the real number line

(b) state whether the subset is bounded or unbounded

Solution:

Page 5 of 50
CW-5 Q:22

For the interval (−∞ , 𝟐)

(a) sketch the subset on the real number line

(b) state whether the subset is bounded or unbounded

Solution:

CW-6 Q:24

For the interval (−𝟏 , 𝟐]

(a) sketch the subset on the real number line

(b) state whether the subset is bounded or unbounded

Solution:

Page 6 of 50
CW-7 Q:27

Use inequality notation and interval notation to describe the set.

𝒕 is at least 𝟏𝟎 and at most 𝟐𝟐.

Solution:

CW-8 Q:28

Use inequality notation and interval notation to describe the set.

𝒌 is less than 𝟓 but no less than −𝟑.

Solution:

Page 7 of 50
CW-9 Q:33

Evaluate the expression|−𝟏| − |−𝟐|.

Solution:

CW-10 Q:37
|𝒙 𝟐|
Evaluate the expression , 𝒙 < −𝟐.
𝒙 𝟐

Solution:

CW-11 Q:47

Use absolute value notation to represent the situation.

The distance between 𝒙 and 𝟓 is no more than 𝟑.

Solution:

Page 8 of 50
CW-12 Q:56

Identify the terms of the mathematical expression 𝟒𝒙𝟑 + 𝟎. 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟓. Then

identify the coefficients of the variable terms of the expression.

Solution:

Page 9 of 50
CW-13 Q:65
Identify the rule(s) of algebra illustrated by the statement.
𝟏
(𝒉 + 𝟔) = 𝟏, 𝒉 ≠ −𝟔
(𝒉 + 𝟔)
Solution:

CW-14 Q:67
Identify the rule(s) of algebra illustrated by the statement.
𝒙(𝟑𝒚) = (𝒙 ∙ 𝟑)𝒚 = (𝟑𝒙)𝒚
Solution:

Page 10 of 50
CW-15 Q:69
Perform the operation. (Write fractional answers in simplest form.)
𝟐𝒙 𝒙
−
𝟑 𝟒
Solution:

CW-16 Q:72
Perform the operation. (Write fractional answers in simplest form.)
𝟐𝒙 𝟔
÷
𝟑 𝟕
Solution:

Page 11 of 50
 Practice Questions for students
Q.09 Determine which numbers in the set
{𝟐. 𝟎𝟏 , 𝟎. 𝟔, −𝟏𝟑 , 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟏 … . , 𝟏, −𝟔} are:

(a) Natural numbers (b) Whole numbers (c) Integers

(d) Rational numbers (e) Irrational numbers

Solution:
(a) Natural numbers

(b) Whole numbers

(c) Integers

(d) Rational numbers

(e) Irrational numbers

Q:10 Determine which numbers in the set

𝟏𝟐 𝟏
{𝟐𝟓, −𝟏𝟕, − , √𝟗, 𝟑. 𝟏𝟐, 𝛑, 𝟕, − 𝟏𝟏. 𝟏, 𝟏𝟑} are:
𝟓 𝟐

(a) Natural numbers (b) Whole numbers (c) Integers

(d) Rational numbers (e) Irrational numbers

Solution:
(a) Natural numbers

(b) Whole numbers

(c) Integers

(d) Rational numbers

(e) Irrational numbers

Page 12 of 50
Q:20 For the inequality 𝟎 < 𝒙 ≤ 𝟔

(a) sketch the subset on the real number line

(b) state whether the subset is bounded or unbounded

Solution:

Q:21 For the interval [𝟒 , ∞)

(a) sketch the subset on the real number line

(b) state whether the subset is bounded or unbounded

Solution:

Page 13 of 50
Q:23 For the interval [−𝟓 , 𝟐)

(a) sketch the subset on the real number line

(b) state whether the subset is bounded or unbounded

Solution:

Q:25 Use inequality notation and interval notation to describe the set.

𝒚 is nonnegative.

Solution:

Q:26 Use inequality notation and interval notation to describe the set.

𝒚 is no more than 𝟐𝟓.

Solution:

Q:30 Evaluate the expression|𝟎|.

Solution:

Page 14 of 50
Q:36 Evaluate the expression −𝟒|−𝟒|.

Solution:

|𝒙 𝟏|
Q:38 Evaluate the expression , 𝒙 > 𝟏.
𝒙 𝟏

Solution:

Q:48 Use absolute value notation to represent the situation.

The distance between 𝒙 and −𝟏𝟎 is at least 𝟔.

Solution:

Page 15 of 50
Q:55 Identify the terms of the mathematical expression 𝟔𝒙𝟑 − 𝟓𝒙. Then

identify the coefficients of the variable terms of the expression.

Solution:

Q:66 Identify the rule(s) of algebra illustrated by the statement.

(𝒙 + 𝟑) − (𝒙 + 𝟑) = 𝟎
Solution:

Q:68 Identify the rule(s) of algebra illustrated by the statement.

𝟏 𝟏
(𝟕 ∙ 𝟏𝟐) = ∙ 𝟕 𝟏𝟐 = (𝟏 ∙ 𝟏𝟐) = 𝟏𝟐
𝟕 𝟕
Solution:

Page 16 of 50
Q:70 Perform the operation. (Write fractional answers in simplest form.)
𝟑𝒙 𝒙
+
𝟒 𝟓
Solution:

Q:71
Perform the operation. (Write fractional answers in simplest form.)
𝟑𝒙 𝟓
∙
𝟏𝟎 𝟔
Solution:

Page 17 of 50
Page 18 of 50
 EXERCISE: P2
CW-01 Example:01
Evaluate the exponential expression.
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟒𝟒
(a) (−𝟓) (b) −𝟓 (c) 𝟐∙ 𝟐 (d)
𝟒𝟔
Solution:

CW-02 Q:29

Rewrite the expression with positive exponents. Simplify, if possible.

𝟑 𝟑
𝒙 𝟑 𝒚𝟒 𝒂 𝟐 𝒃
(a) (b)
𝟓 𝒃 𝟐 𝒂
Solution:

Page 19 of 50
CW-03 Q:32
Write the number −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟓 in scientific notation.
Solution:

CW-04 Q:35
Write the number 𝟗. 𝟒𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟐 in decimal notation.
Solution:

Page 20 of 50
CW-05 Q:38

Rewrite the expression with positive exponents. Simplify, if possible.

𝟔.𝟎×𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝟐.𝟓×𝟏𝟎 𝟑
(a) (b)
𝟑.𝟎×𝟏𝟎 𝟑 𝟓.𝟎×𝟏𝟎𝟐
Solution:

Page 21 of 50
CW-06 Q:48

Simplify each radical expression.

𝟒 𝟓
(a) 𝟑 𝒙𝟒 𝒚𝟐 (b) √𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝒙𝟖 𝒛𝟒
Solution:

CW-07 Q:54
𝟑
Rationalize the denominator of the expression .Then simplify your
√𝟓 √𝟔
answer.
Solution:

Page 22 of 50
 Practice Questions for students
Q:14 Evaluate the exponential expression.
𝟏 𝟐 (𝟑 𝟐 )𝟐
(a) 𝟑 +𝟐 (b)
Solution:

Q:27 Rewrite the expression with positive exponents. Simplify, if possible.

(a) (𝒙 + 𝟓)𝟎 (b) (𝟐𝒙𝟐 ) 𝟐

Solution:

Q:31 Write the number 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟓𝟎. 𝟒 in scientific notation.

Solution:

𝟔
Q:36 Write the number 𝟗. 𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎 in decimal notation.
Solution:

Q:37 Rewrite the expression with positive exponents. Simplify, if possible.

(a) (𝟐. 𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟗 )(𝟑. 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎 𝟒 ) (b) (𝟏. 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟕 )(𝟓. 𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎 𝟑 )
Solution:

Page 23 of 50
Q:49 Simplify each radical expression.

(a) 𝟐√𝟐𝟎 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓√𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒙𝟐 (b) 𝟖√𝟏𝟒𝟕𝒙 − 𝟑√𝟒𝟖𝒙

Solution:

𝟓
Q:53 Rationalize the denominator of the expression . Then simplify
√𝟏𝟒 𝟐
your answer.
Solution:

Page 24 of 50
 EXERCISE: P3
CW-01 Q:09
The polynomial 𝟏 + 𝟔𝒙𝟒 − 𝟒𝒙𝟓 is given.
(a) Write the polynomial in standard form.
(b) Identify the degree and leading coefficient of the polynomial.
(c) State whether the polynomial is a monomial, a binomial, or a trinomial.
Solution:

CW-02 Q:14
𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟑
Determine whether the expression is a polynomial. If so, write the
𝟐
polynomial in standard form.
Solution:

Page 25 of 50
CW-03 Q:15
Determine whether the expression 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟒 + 𝒚𝟑 is a polynomial. If so, write
the polynomial in standard form.
Solution:

CW-04 Q:16
Determine whether the expression 𝒚𝟒 − 𝒚 is a polynomial. If so, write the
polynomial in standard form.
Solution:

CW-05 Q:20
Find the sum (𝟒𝒚𝟐 − 𝟑) + (−𝟕𝒚𝟐 + 𝟗) and write the result in standard form.
Solution:

CW-06 Q:21
Find the sum (𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔) + (−𝟖. 𝟑𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟒. 𝟕𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟕) and write the result in
standard form.
Solution:

Page 26 of 50
CW-07 Q:25
Multiply the polynomials 𝟑𝒙(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏).
Solution:

CW-08 Q:26
Multiply the polynomials 𝒚𝟐 (𝟒𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟑).
Solution:

CW-09 Q:39
Find the special product (𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎)(𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎).
Solution:

Page 27 of 50
CW-10 Q:43
Find the special product (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑)𝟐 .
Solution:

CW-11 Q:44
Find the special product (𝟓 − 𝟖𝒙)𝟐 .
Solution:

CW-12 Q:59
Find the special product [(𝒎 − 𝟑) + 𝒏][(𝒎 − 𝟑) − 𝒏].
Solution:

Page 28 of 50
CW-13 Q:62
Find the special product (𝒙 + 𝒚)(𝒙 − 𝒚)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 ).
Solution:

CW-14 Q:75
Find the area of the shaded region in terms of 𝒙. Write your result as a
polynomial in standard form.
Solution:

Page 29 of 50
 Practice Questions for students
Q:10 The polynomial −𝒚 + 𝟐𝟓𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏 is given.
(a) Write the polynomial in standard form.
(b) Identify the degree and leading coefficient of the polynomial.
(c) State whether the polynomial is a monomial, a binomial, or a trinomial.
Solution:

Q:11 Determine whether the expression 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒙𝟑 + 𝟖 is a polynomial. If so,

write the polynomial in standard form.
Solution:

Q:13
𝟑𝒙 𝟒
Determine whether the expression is a polynomial. If so, write the
𝒙
polynomial in standard form.
Solution:

Page 30 of 50
Q:22 Find the sum (𝟏𝟓. 𝟔 𝒘𝟒 − 𝟏𝟒 𝒘 − 𝟏𝟕. 𝟒) + (𝟏𝟔. 𝟗 𝒘𝟒 − 𝟗. 𝟐 𝒘 + 𝟏𝟑) and
write the result in standard form.
Solution:

Q:24 Simplify (𝒚𝟑 + 𝟏) − [(𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏) + (𝟑𝒚 − 𝟕)] and write the result in
standard form.
Solution:

Q:27 Multiply the polynomials −𝟓𝒛(𝟑𝒛 − 𝟏).

Solution:

Page 31 of 50
Q:40 Find the special product (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑)(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑).
Solution:

Q:46 Find the special product (𝟖𝒙 + 𝟑)𝟐 .

Solution:

Q:57 Find the special product [(𝒙 − 𝟑) + 𝒚]𝟐 .

Solution:

Page 32 of 50
Q:60 Find the special product [(𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚) + 𝒛][(𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚) − 𝒛].
Solution:

Q:61 Find the special product (𝒖 + 𝟐)(𝒖 − 𝟐)(𝒖𝟐 + 𝟒).

Solution:

Q:77 Find the area of the shaded region in terms of 𝒙. Write your result as a
polynomial in standard form.
Solution

Page 33 of 50
Page 34 of 50
 EXERCISE: P4
CW-01 Q:05
Factor out the common factor: 𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟔𝒙
Solution:

CW-02 Q:07
Factor out the common factor: 𝟑𝒙(𝒙 − 𝟓) + 𝟖(𝒙 − 𝟓)
Solution:

CW-03 Q:09
Completely factor the difference of two squares: 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖𝟏
Solution:

CW-04 Q:13
Completely factor the difference of two squares: 𝟔𝟒 − 𝟗𝒛𝟐
Solution:

Page 35 of 50
CW-05 Q:19
Factor the perfect square trinomial: 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒
Solution:

CW-06 Q:21
Factor the perfect square trinomial: 𝟐𝟓𝒛𝟐 − 𝟑𝟎𝒛 + 𝟗
Solution:

CW-07 Q:33
Factor the trinomial: 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟐
Solution:

Page 36 of 50
CW-08 Q:37
Factor the trinomial: 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙 − 𝟖
Solution:

CW-09 Q:43
Factor by grouping: 𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐
Solution:

CW-10 Q:50
Factor the trinomial by grouping: 𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟐
Solution:

Page 37 of 50
 Practice Questions for students
Q:06 Factor out the common factor: 𝟑𝒛𝟑 − 𝟔𝒛𝟐 + 𝟗𝒛
Solution:

Q:08 Factor out the common factor: (𝒙 + 𝟑)𝟐 − 𝟒(𝒙 + 𝟑)

Solution:

Q:10 Completely factor the difference of two squares: 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝟒

Solution:

Q:14 Completely factor the difference of two squares: 𝟖𝟏 − 𝟑𝟔𝒛𝟐

Solution:

Page 38 of 50
Q:22 Factor the perfect square trinomial: 𝟑𝟔𝒚𝟐 + 𝟖𝟒𝒚 + 𝟒𝟗
Solution:

Q:23 Factor the perfect square trinomial: 𝟒𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒚 + 𝟗

Solution:

Q:34 Factor the trinomial: 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟔

Solution:

Page 39 of 50
Q:40 Factor the trinomial: 𝟖𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝟏𝒙 + 𝟏𝟖
Solution:

Q:44 Factor by grouping: 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟐𝟓

Solution:

Q:51 Factor the trinomial by grouping: 𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓

Solution:

Page 40 of 50
We now need to look at rational expressions. A rational expression is nothing
more than a fraction in which the numerator and/or the denominator are
polynomials. Here are some examples of rational expressions.

Page 41 of 50
 EXERCISE: P5
CW-01 Q:07
𝟏
Find the domain of the expression .
𝟑 𝒙
Solution:

CW-02 Q:09
𝒙 𝟔
Find the domain of the expression .
𝟑𝒙 𝟐
Solution:

CW-03 Q:13
Find the domain of the expression √𝒙 − 𝟕.
Solution:

CW-04 Q:15
𝟏
Find the domain of the expression .
√𝒙 𝟑
Solution:

Page 42 of 50
CW-05 Q:33
𝟓 𝒙 𝟏
Perform the multiplication and simplify: ∙
𝒙 𝟏 𝟐𝟓(𝒙 𝟐)
Solution:

CW-06 Q:34
𝒓 𝒓𝟐
Perform the division and simplify: ÷
𝒓 𝟏 𝒓𝟐 𝟏
Solution:

CW-07 Q:41
𝟏 𝒙
Perform the addition and simplify: +
𝟑𝒙 𝟐 𝒙 𝟏
Solution:

Page 43 of 50
 Practice Questions for students
𝟏
Q:08 Find the domain of the expression .
𝒙 𝟓
Solution:

𝒙 𝟒
Q:10 Find the domain of the expression .
𝟏 𝟐𝒙
Solution:

Q:14 Find the domain of the expression √𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓.

Solution:

𝟏
Q:16 Find the domain of the expression .
√𝒙 𝟐
Solution:

Page 44 of 50
 𝒙𝟐 𝟒 𝟐 𝒙
Q:35 Perform the multiplication and simplify: ÷
𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟒
Solution:

𝒕𝟐 𝒕 𝟔 𝒕 𝟑
Q:36 Perform the division and simplify: ∙
𝒕𝟐 𝟔𝒕 𝟗 𝒕𝟐 𝟒
Solution:

𝟐 𝟒
Q:44 Perform the addition and simplify: +
𝒙𝟐 𝟗 𝒙 𝟑
Solution:

Page 45 of 50
Page 46 of 50
 EXERCISE: P6
CW-01 Q:05
Plot the points (𝟐 , 𝟒), (𝟑 , −𝟏), (−𝟔 , 𝟐), (−𝟒 , 𝟎), (−𝟏 , −𝟖), (𝟏. 𝟓 , −𝟑. 𝟓).
Solution:

CW-02 Q:18
Find the distance between the points (𝟖 , 𝟓), and (𝟎 , 𝟐𝟎).
Solution:

Page 47 of 50
CW-03 Q:19
Find the distance between the points (𝟏 , 𝟒), and (−𝟓 , −𝟏).
Solution:

CW-04 Q:29
Find the midpoint of the line segment joining the points (𝟔 , −𝟑), and (𝟔 , 𝟓).
Solution:

CW-05 Q:38
A soccer player passes the ball from a point that is 𝟏𝟖 yards from the end line
and 𝟏𝟐 yards from the sideline. A teammate who is 𝟒𝟐 yards from the same
end line and 𝟓𝟎 yards from the same sideline receives the pass. (See figure.)
How long is the pass?
Solution:

Page 48 of 50
 Practice Questions for students
𝟐 𝟓
Q:06 Plot the points (𝟏 , −𝟓), (−𝟐 , −𝟕), (𝟑 , 𝟑), (−𝟐 , 𝟒), (𝟎 , 𝟓), , .
𝟑 𝟐
Solution:

Q:17 Find the distance between the points (−𝟐 , 𝟔), and (𝟑 , −𝟔).
Solution:

Page 49 of 50
Q:20 Find the distance between the points (𝟏 , 𝟑), and (𝟑 , −𝟐).
Solution:

Q:33 Find the midpoint of the line segment joining the points (−𝟏 , 𝟐), and
(𝟓 , 𝟒).
Solution:

𝟏
Q:36 Find the midpoint of the line segment joining the points
𝟐
, 𝟏 ,
and − 𝟓𝟐 , 𝟒
𝟑
.
Solution:

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