Kai.

Vanjibaba Gramin

Vikas Mandal’s

Sau. Shantidevi Chavan Institute of

Engineering & Technology (Polytechnic)
Bhoras, Dhule Road, Chalisgaon, Dist: Jalgaon

Department of Computer Engineering

A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
“INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ’’
-Submitted To-

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF

TECHNICAL EDUCATION
MUMBAI

For Academic Year

1
 Kai.Vanjibaba Gramin

2024-2026

-Submitted By-

MS.DEORE NID (Enrollment NO : 2010040054)

Vikas Mandal’s

Sau. Shantidevi Chavan Institute of

Engineering & Technology (Polytechnic)
Bhoras, Dhule Road, Chalisgaon, Dist: Jalgaon

Department of Computer Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the entitled project

“INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ’’
Has been successfully completed by

DEORE NIDHI VIJAYSING

Has been regulary accessed by us and that is well upto the standerd by

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 Kai.Vanjibaba Gramin

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION MUMBAI

For Acadmic
Year 2024-2025

Prof.Ms.P.B.Patil Prof.Mr.N.B.BAGUL

( Project Guide ) ( Principal )

Prof.Mr.S.G.AHIRRAO Prof.
( Head of Dipartment ) ( Exammer )

Vikas Mandal’s

Sau. Shantidevi Chavhan Institute of

Engineering & Technology (Polytechnic)
Bhoras, Dhule Road, Chalisgaon, Dist: Jalgaon

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 Kai.Vanjibaba Gramin

Department of Computer Engineering

SUBMISSION
We are the student of third year Computer
Engineering for the acadmic year 2022-2023 humbly submit
that we have completed from time to time the project work
on skills and study as per the guidance of Prof. Ms.P. B. Patil

The following project work have not copied

or it’s any appreciable part from any other in convenient of
acadmic ethics.

Date: / / 2025

Name of student Signature of student

DEORE NIDHI VIJAYSING

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 INDEX
Sr.No. Content Page.No

1 Acknowledgments 4

2 Abstract 5

3 Introduction 6

4 Working 8

5 Information technology process 9

6 Important Features of Information 12

Technology

7 Advantages of Information Technology 13

8 Disadvantages of Information Technology 14

9 Perspectives 15

10 Conclusion 17

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 11 Reference 18

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would take this opportunity to express my sincere Thanks & Gratitude
my teacher Mss.P. B. Patil for his vital support & Guidance in Completing this
project.
We also express our gratitude to all the facility members, Parents And our
fellow mates who have helped me in making this Project a Success. We also thank
our almighty God for his blessings Showed on me During this period.

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 ABSTRACT
Information Technology plays a significant role in the education construction
of student profile. The main intend of this research was to study and point
important issues regarding the use of information technology (IT) in enhancing
learning in higher education. The study was conducted among the students at South
East European University, aiming to offer better education for the students by
screening the current situation of using information technology and proposing
several possible solutions for improvement. Abstraction is one of the four
cornerstones of Computer Science. … Abstraction is the process of filtering out –
ignoring – the characteristics of patterns that we don‟t need in order to concentrate
on those that we do. It is also the filtering out of specific details.

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 INTRODUCTION

For some individuals, Information Technology is all about seeking help

from folks and ladies when they have a problem with their PC. While that
perspective on IT isn‟t thoroughly off-base, it downplays the extent of this basic
professional field.

The most fundamental IT definition is that it‟s the utilization of innovation

to tackle business or authoritative issues for an expansive scope.Regardless of the
job, an individual from an IT division works with others to take care of innovation
issues, both of all shapes and sizes.
Even though an association‟s IT office handles various capacities and
assumes a basic part in keeping things running. They can robotize and take
measures for a considerable lot of their day by day assignments, so the business
keeps on running easily.

The ideal IT office is additionally lined up with the business‟ objectives and
straightforward in its cycles such that the remainder of the business can
comprehend and give a contribution to.

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Information technology (IT) is the use of computers to store or retrieve data[1] and
information. IT is typically used within the context of business operations as
opposed to personal or entertainment technologies.[2] IT is considered to be a
subset of information and communications technology (ICT). An information
technology system (IT system) is generally an information system, a
communications system, or, more specifically speaking, a computer system –
including all hardware, software, and peripheral equipment – operated by a limited
group of IT users.
Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating, and communicating
information since the Sumerians in Mesopotamia developed writing in about 3000
BC.[3] However, the term information technology in its modern sense first appeared
in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review; authors Harold J.
Leavitt and Thomas L. Whisler commented that "the new technology does not yet
have a single established name. We shall call it information technology (IT)." Their
definition consists of three categories: techniques for processing, the application of
statistical and mathematical methods to decision-making, and the simulation of
higher-order thinking through computer programs.

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 WORKING
Information technology (IT) professionals are responsible for helping
organizations maintain their digital infrastructure and providing troubleshooting
assistance to technology consumers. IT employees are in demand to help others
keep up with technological advances and security procedures.
If you are interested in developing skills in programming and problem-
solving, you may consider a career in IT. In this article, we provide examples of
IT jobs to help you find the right career path that suits your interests, skills and
goals.

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 Information technology process
The figure below shows the process of information technology (James,
1997):

Fig. Process of Information Technology

The process of the information technology has 5 processes (Lewis P,

2000). They are:
1. IT operations and infrastructure.
2. Security of information.
3. Communications.
4. Applications.
5. Business process management system (John, 1982).

• Physiological layer: information technology operations and

infrastructure
Workers should not try to sell the new services or applications to
their boss if the servers are shut down every week, the network of data is
not able to support all the needs of business or the wait hours of end
users and the days to solve their incidents of information technology
(Baker, 1988).
• Safety layer: information security

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 After the infrastructure is extended and if it is working smoothly,
then the business require its difficult information to be protected. If the
procedures of information technology or the Information Security
cannot provide the required level of security to manage the information
electronically, they should be sure that the confidence in there is is lost
and the other alternatives is found.

• Social layer: communications

In today‟s business the response time of people‟s server of the
internet or the easiness to contact with their technical support, can make
the customers to love their products. This layer not only covers the front
end of customer but also the back office of their systems and the way
they open to their providers through the use of standard protocols to
exchange the data.
If people can get their forecast of demand automatically back in their
own system there is a restructure of solid network of partners for the
business who are rising to work in their company (Davidson, 1998).

• Esteem layer: applications

A lot of enterprise is performing well for the previous layers,
without a named CIO. The skills of the information distributed through
the department are possible to survive, with the help of some external
consultancy. The risk is to develop a cluster of information, with the
difficulties to get an integrated system. The way an enterprise manages
the level of IS reveals company‟s culture. An individual„s behavior is
led to store the information without any difficulties to share it. On the
other side, esteem and consideration for the rest of the company, is
reflect more and more integrated IS where the information is available
in an easy way to those who require it (Adams, 1982).

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 • Top level: business process management system
In this kind of organization the procedure are defined on one side and on
the other side information system are implemented in an integrated way
with the state of art technology. When an audit process is performed,
people discover 3 worlds which are disconnected (Richard, 2000):

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 Important Features of Information Technology
Following are the major features as well as advantages of
Information Technology –
The development of Information Technology has made education
system simpler, easier, and widespread. Now, people of remote areas
can also use technology for their children‟s education and also avail
the benefits of adult education.
• Diffusion of e-governance on a large scale.
• Participation of public in governance and policy making.
• Fast economic development.
• Development of remote areas.
• Technology helps the police in nabbing the criminals.
• The judiciary and other administrative services can also take
the help of technology to make work easier and faster.
• Highly beneficial for the common people, as they can access
their rights and can take legal action against the person who
violates his/her rights.
• It increases the happiness and prosperity of not only an
individual, but rather the society as a whole.
Besides, there are many other advantages too that can be availed in our
everyday life only with the further development of information
technology.
Advantages of Information Technology

• Protecting and Storing Information

Electronic storage systems are being created to hold the
information that is being shared over the internet and internal intranets.
Secure maintenance of customer and company files is vital to the

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integrity of the company. Virtual vaults keep information safe by
limiting access to a select few. Security systems are put in place to
protect your electronic information and keep it from being wiped out or
damaged during a system breakdown. Hackers are also kept at bay with
intense securities.

• Processes
The ability to find ways to complete more work in a shorter
amount of time is essential to the success of a company. Information
technology improves a company‟s efficiency by implementing
automated processes to make employees more capable of handling a
larger work load. Reports, queries and monitoring financials can be
completed by the computer programs, leaving employees free to
complete other tasks.

• Communication
Communication in every aspect of human interaction is
essential. In the business world, communication is imperative to the
success of the company. Emailing, video conferencing and chat rooms
allow for easier communicating between employees and supervisors as
well as employees and clients.
Disadvantages of Information Technologies

Expense of Implementation and Maintenance

Setup costs for implementing an information technology system
within a home or business can be very costly. Software can training can
also take another big bite out of the budget. Information technology
systems, just like any other equipment, need to be maintained and

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repaired from time to time. But there are also updating and upgrading
costs associated with IT systems. Elimination of Jobs
By implementing IT systems into a company, tasks take less time
and therefore, employees have more time throughout the day. Paperwork
is processed and filed immediately, reports are generated with the touch
of a button and financial statements are generated automatically.
Companies are finding that they can combine jobs and need a smaller
staff to operate fully. Breaches in Security
When information is stored electronically, there are more
chances of having security breaches. Hackers are evolving along with
technology and they are never up to any good. Security systems that
were state-of-the-art last year are now out-of-date and in desperate need
of upgrading. To protect company data, a security specialist should be
kept on staff.
Perspectives

Academic perspective
In an academic context, the Association for Computing Machinery defines IT as
"undergraduate degree programs that prepare students to meet the computer
technology needs of business, government, healthcare, schools, and other kinds of
organizations.... IT specialists assume responsibility for selecting hardware and
software products appropriate for an organization, integrating those products with
organizational needs and infrastructure, and installing, customizing, and
maintaining those applications for the organization‟s computer users."
Undergraduate degrees in IT (B.S., A.S.) are similar to other computer science
degrees. In fact, they often times have the same foundational level courses.
Computer science (CS) programs tend to focus more on theory and design,
whereas Information Technology programs are structured to equip the graduate with
expertise in the practical application of technology solutions to support modern
business and user needs.

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Commercial and employment perspective
Companies in the information technology field are often discussed as a group as
the "tech sector" or the "tech industry". These titles can be misleading at times and
should not be mistaken for “tech companies”; which are generally large scale, for-
profit corporations that sell consumer technology and software. It is also worth
noting that from a business perspective, Information Technology departments are a
“cost center” the majority of the time. A cost center is a department or staff which
incurs expenses, or “costs”, within a company rather than generating profits or
revenue streams. Modern businesses rely heavily on technology for their day-to-
day operations, so the expenses delegated to cover technology that facilitates
business in a more efficient manner is usually seen as “just the cost of doing
business”. IT departments are allocated funds by senior leadership and must
attempt to achieve the desired deliverables while staying within that budget.
Government and the private sector might have different funding mechanisms, but
the principles are more-or-less the same. This is an often overlooked reason for the
rapid interest in automation and Artificial Intelligence, but the constant pressure to
do more with less is opening the door for automation to take control of at least
some minor operations in large companies.
Many companies now have IT departments for managing the computers, networks,
and other technical areas of their businesses. Companies have also sought to
integrate IT with business outcomes and decision-making through a BizOps or
business operations department.
In a business context, the Information Technology Association of America has
defined information technology as "the study, design, development, application,
implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems".
The responsibilities of those working in the field include network administration,
software development and installation, and the planning and management of an
organization's technology life cycle, by which hardware and software are
maintained, upgraded and replaced.

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 CONCLUSION
Information Technology helps businesses, governments, and individuals
increase their efficiency and effectiveness. Rapid improvements in hardware and
processing ability forces consumers to purchase new, relevant technology. On a
market level, this rapid turnover creates demand. From a firm‟s perspective
however, this can result in a lower customer retention rate. Regardless,
organizations are continuing to demand innovative technological solutions, leaving
room for new entrants, particularly those with a unique concept. Firms who are
able to find a niche market – or one with low competition – will find this industry
attractive. Barriers to entry remain high when entering existing markets though,
therefore most potential entrants will find the overall industry unattractive.

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 REFERENCE
• https://www.open.edu/openlearn/people-politics-
law/politicspolicy-people/sociology/information-technology-
newera/content-section---references
• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_technology
• https://www.tlu.ee/~sirvir/Information%20and%20Knowledge
%20Management/Technologies%20for%20Information%20and
%20Knowledge%20Management/references.html
• https://www.nap.edu/read/10545/chapter/8
• https://libguides.lib.fit.edu/c.php?g=427593&p=2919004

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