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Java_Interview_QA

The document provides a collection of interview questions and answers related to Java and Spring Boot, covering topics such as Redis, microservices, Java concurrency, thread locks, Spring Boot performance, Spring Security with JWT, SQL indexing, querying, Spring Batch, and DevOps insights. Key concepts include the use of RestTemplate, circuit breaker patterns, asynchronous processing, and Docker's role in deployments. Each section includes code snippets and explanations to illustrate the concepts effectively.

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b.shinde.avadhut
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3 views

Java_Interview_QA

The document provides a collection of interview questions and answers related to Java and Spring Boot, covering topics such as Redis, microservices, Java concurrency, thread locks, Spring Boot performance, Spring Security with JWT, SQL indexing, querying, Spring Batch, and DevOps insights. Key concepts include the use of RestTemplate, circuit breaker patterns, asynchronous processing, and Docker's role in deployments. Each section includes code snippets and explanations to illustrate the concepts effectively.

Uploaded by

b.shinde.avadhut
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Java & Spring Boot Interview Questions

with Answers
3. Redis:
 ▲ What is Redis?

Redis (Remote Dictionary Server) is an in-memory data structure store used as a database, cache,
and message broker. It supports data structures such as strings, hashes, lists, sets, and sorted sets
with range queries, bitmaps, and geospatial indexes.

 ▲ How to fetch map values from Redis

To fetch map (hash) values:


```
@Autowired
private StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;

Map<Object, Object> entries = redisTemplate.opsForHash().entries("employee:1001");


```

4. Microservices:
 ▲ Step-by-step implementation of RestTemplate

1. Add dependency (if not included with Spring Boot).


2. Configure Bean:
```
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
```
3. Autowire and use:
```
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;

String response = restTemplate.getForObject("http://service-url/api/data", String.class);


```

 ▲ Circuit Breaker pattern – Syntax (Using Resilience4j)

```
@CircuitBreaker(name = "backendService", fallbackMethod = "fallbackMethod")
public String callExternalService() {
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://external-service/api", String.class);
}

public String fallbackMethod(Throwable t) {


return "Fallback response due to error: " + t.getMessage();
}
```

5. Java Concurrency:
 ▲ Synchronous vs Asynchronous processing

- Synchronous: Tasks are executed sequentially; the caller waits for the response.
- Asynchronous: Tasks run in the background; the caller doesn’t wait for completion, improving
responsiveness.

 ▲ How to implement async in Java

Using `@Async`:
```
@EnableAsync
@SpringBootApplication
public class AppConfig {}

@Async
public CompletableFuture<String> processAsync() {
return CompletableFuture.completedFuture("Completed");
}
```

6. Threads and Locks:


 ▲ Basics and real-world usage of thread locks

Thread locks prevent concurrent modification of shared resources. Real-world example: In a banking
app, prevent multiple withdrawals from the same account at the same time.

 ▲ Banking scenario with thread lock

```
public class BankAccount {
private final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private int balance;

public void withdraw(int amount) {


lock.lock();
try {
if (balance >= amount) {
balance -= amount;
}
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
```

7. Spring Boot Performance:


 ▲ Tuning techniques and best practices

- Use connection pooling (HikariCP)


- Enable caching (e.g., Redis)
- Optimize SQL queries and indexing
- Use @Transactional wisely
- Profile and monitor with Actuator & Micrometer
- Avoid N+1 query problem

8. Spring Security & JWT:


 ▲ JWT implementation and User validation

1. Generate Token:
```
String token = Jwts.builder()
.setSubject(username)
.signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256, secretKey)
.compact();
```
2. Validate Token:
```
String user = Jwts.parser()
.setSigningKey(secretKey)
.parseClaimsJws(token)
.getBody()
.getSubject();
```

9. SQL Indexing:
 ▲ What is indexing?

Indexing improves query performance by allowing the database to find rows faster without scanning
the entire table.

 ▲ Query to apply index on salary column


```
CREATE INDEX idx_salary ON employee(salary);
```

10. SQL Querying:


 ▲ Find 2nd highest salary without using OFFSET

```
SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employee
WHERE salary < (SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employee);
```

11. Spring Batch:


 ▲ Techniques to improve DB performance and reduce load

- Use chunk-oriented processing


- Apply pagination in readers
- Use multithreading or partitioning
- Optimize commit interval
- Use job repository with persistent storage

13. DevOps Insight:


 ▲ What is Docker and its importance in deployments

Docker is a containerization tool that packages applications and dependencies into containers,
ensuring consistency across environments. It simplifies deployments, scaling, and microservices
orchestration.

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