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DBMS

Normalization is the process of organizing database data to minimize redundancy and ensure data integrity through a series of normal forms. First Normal Form (1NF) requires atomic values in each column, Second Normal Form (2NF) builds on 1NF by eliminating partial dependencies on the primary key, and Third Normal Form (3NF) further eliminates transitive dependencies among non-prime attributes. Each form addresses specific anomalies and improves the database structure.

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12 views2 pages

DBMS

Normalization is the process of organizing database data to minimize redundancy and ensure data integrity through a series of normal forms. First Normal Form (1NF) requires atomic values in each column, Second Normal Form (2NF) builds on 1NF by eliminating partial dependencies on the primary key, and Third Normal Form (3NF) further eliminates transitive dependencies among non-prime attributes. Each form addresses specific anomalies and improves the database structure.

Uploaded by

nidhi.karkala26
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Define Normalization. Explain 1NF,2NF and 3NF with suitable example.

Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to:


●​ Minimize redundancy.
●​ Eliminate undesirable characteristics like insertion, update, and deletion anomalies.
●​ Ensure data consistency and integrity by decomposing large, complex tables into smaller, related
ones.

Normalization follows a series of steps called normal forms (NF), where each form imposes stricter
conditions on the data organization.

First Normal Form (1NF)

Definition: A table is in 1NF if:

●​ Each column contains atomic (indivisible) values.


●​ Each column contains values of the same type.
●​ All entries in a column must contain single values (no multivalued attributes).

Violation:​
If a table contains multivalued attributes, it violates 1NF.

Second Normal Form (2NF)

Definition:​
A table is in 2NF if:

●​ It is already in 1NF.
●​ It contains no partial dependency (all non-prime attributes are fully functionally dependent on
the primary key).
Violation:​
If a non-prime attribute is only partially dependent on the primary key, it violates 2NF.

Third Normal Form (3NF)

Definition:A table is in 3NF if:

●​ It is already in 2NF.
●​ It contains no transitive dependency (non-prime attributes depend only on the primary key).

Violation:​
If a non-prime attribute depends on another non-prime attribute, it violates 3NF.

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