Data Science - Python String

10. Python - String

Table of Contents

1. Gentle reminder ................................................................................................................................. 2

2. What is a string? ................................................................................................................................. 2
2.1. Definition 1................................................................................................................................... 2
2.2. Definition 2................................................................................................................................... 2
2.3. String is more popular.................................................................................................................. 2
3. Creating string .................................................................................................................................... 3
3.1. When should we go for triple single and triple double quotes? ................................................. 5
4. Mutable .............................................................................................................................................. 8
5. Immutable .......................................................................................................................................... 8
6. Strings are immutable ........................................................................................................................ 8
7. Mathematical operators on string objects ...................................................................................... 10
7.1. Addition (+) operator with string ............................................................................................... 10
7.2. Multiplication (*) operator with string ...................................................................................... 10
8. Length of the string .......................................................................................................................... 11
9. Membership operators (in, not in) .................................................................................................. 12
9.1. in operator ................................................................................................................................. 12
9.2. not in operator ........................................................................................................................... 13
10. Methods in str class........................................................................................................................ 14
11.1. upper() method ........................................................................................................................ 17
11.2. lower() method ........................................................................................................................ 18
11.3. strip() method .......................................................................................................................... 19
11.4. count(p) method ...................................................................................................................... 20
11.5. replace(p1, p2) method ........................................................................................................... 21
11.6. split(p) method ........................................................................................................................ 23

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10. Python - String

1. Gentle reminder

✓ We already learnt first Hello world program in python.

✓ In that program we just print a group of characters by using print(p)
function.
✓ That group of characters are called as a string.

Program printing Welcome to python programming

Name demo1.py
print("Hello world")
Output
Hello world

2. What is a string?

2.1. Definition 1

✓ A group of characters enclosed within single or double or triple quotes is

called as string.

2.2. Definition 2

✓ We can say string is a sequential collection of characters.

2.3. String is more popular

✓ In any kind of programming language, mostly usage data type is string.

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3. Creating string

Syntax 1 With single quotes

name1 = 'Daniel'

Syntax 2 With double quotes

name2 = "Daniel"

Syntax 3 With triple single quotes

name3 = '''Daniel'''

Syntax 4 With triple double quotes

name4 = """Daniel"""

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Program Creating string by using all possibilities

Name demo2.py

name1= 'Daniel'
name2 = "Prasad"
name3 = '''Mouli'''
name4 = """Veeru"""

print(name1, "name is created by using single quotes")

print(name2, "name is created by using double quotes")
print(name3, "name is created by using triple single quotes")
print(name4, "name is created by using triple double quotes")

output
Daniel name is created by using single quotes
Prasad name is created by using double quotes
Mouli name is created by using triple single quotes
Veeru name is created by using triple double quotes

Make a note

✓ Generally, to create a string mostly used syntax is double quotes syntax.

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3.1. When should we go for triple single and triple double quotes?

✓ If you want to create multiple lines of string, then triple single or triple
double quotes are the best to use.

Program printing Employee information

Name demo3.py

loc1 = '''TCS company

White Field
Bangalore'''

loc2 = """TCS company

Bangalore
ITPL tech park"""

print(loc1)
print(loc2)

output

TCS company
White Field
Bangalore

TCS company
Bangalore
ITPL tech park

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Diagram representation

Program Accessing string by using index

Name demo4.py

wish = "Hello World"

print(wish[0])
print(wish[1])

Output
H
e

Program Accessing string by using slicing

Name demo5.py

wish = "Hello World"

print(wish[0:7])

Output
Hello W

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Program Accessing string by using for loop

Name demo6.py

wish = "Hello World"

for char in wish:

print(char)

Output

H
e
l
l
o

W
o
r
l
d

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4. Mutable

✓ Once if we create an object then the state of existing object can be

change/modify/update.
✓ This behaviour is called as mutability.

5. Immutable

✓ Once if we create an object then the state of existing object cannot be

change/modify/update.
✓ This behaviour is called as immutability.

6. Strings are immutable

✓ String having immutable nature.

✓ Once we create a string object then we cannot change or modify the
existing object.

Program Printing name and first index in string

Name demo7.py

name = "Daniel"
print(name)
print(name[0])

output

Daniel
D

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Program string having immutable nature

Name demo8.py

name = "Daniel"

print(name)
print(name[0])
name[0]="X"

output

Daniel
D
TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment

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7. Mathematical operators on string objects

✓ We can perform two mathematical operators on string.

✓ Those operators are,
o Addition (+) operator.
o Multiplication (*) operator.

7.1. Addition (+) operator with string

✓ The + operator works like concatenation or joins the strings.

Program + works as concatenation operator

Name demo9.py

a = "Python"
b = "Programming"
print(a+b)

output
PythonProgramming

7.2. Multiplication (*) operator with string

✓ This operator works with string to do repetition.

Program * operator works as repetition in strings

Name demo10.py

course="Python"
print(course*3)

output
PythonPythonPython

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8. Length of the string

✓ We can find number of characters in string by using len() function

Program length of the string

Name demo11.py

course = "Python"
print(len(course))

Output
6

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9. Membership operators (in, not in)

Definition 1

✓ We can check, if a string or character is a member of string or not by

using in and not in operators

Definition 2

✓ We can check, if string is a substring of main string or not by using in and

not in operators.

9.1. in operator

✓ in operator returns True, if the string or character found in the main

string.

Program in operator
Name demo12.py

print('p' in 'python')
print('z' in 'python')
print('on' in 'python')
print('pa' in 'python')

output
True
False
True
False

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9.2. not in operator

✓ The not in operator returns opposite result of in operator.

✓ not in operator returns True, if the string or character not found in the
main string.

Program not in operator

Name demo13.py

print('b' not in 'apple')

output
True

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10. Methods in str class

✓ As discussed, str is a predefined class.

✓ So, str class can contain methods because methods can be created inside
of class only.
✓ We can check these methods by using dir(parameter1) predefined
function.

✓ So, internally str class contains two types of methods,

o With underscore symbol methods.

▪ We no need to focus

o Without underscore symbol methods.

▪ We need to focus much on these

Program Printing str class methods by using dir(str) function

Name demo14.py

print(dir(str))

output

__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__',

'__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__iter__',
'__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__',
'__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__',
'__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__',
'__subclasshook__', 'capitalize',

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Important methods

'count', 'upper', 'lower', 'replace', 'split', 'strip',

Important point

✓ As per object-oriented principle,

o If we want to access instance methods, then we should access by
using object name.
✓ So, all str class methods we can access by using str object

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Important methods in str class

✓ upper()
✓ lower()
✓ strip()
✓ count(p)
✓ replace(p1, p2)
✓ split(p)

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11.1. upper() method

✓ upper() is a pre-defined method in str class

✓ This method we should access by using string object.
✓ This method converts lower case letters into upper case letters

Program Converting from lowercase to uppercase

Name demo15.py

name = "daniel"
print("Before converting: ", name)
print("After converting: ", name.upper())

Output
Before converting: daniel
After converting: DANIEL

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11.2. lower() method

✓ lower() is a pre-defined method in str class

✓ This method we should access by using string object.
✓ This method converts upper case letters into lower case letters

Program Converting from uppercase to lowercase

Name demo16.py

name = "DANIEL"
print("Before converting: ", name)
print("After converting: ", name.lower())

Output
Before converting: DANIEL
After converting: daniel

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11.3. strip() method

✓ strip() is a pre-defined method in str class

✓ This method we should access by using string object.
✓ This method removes left and right side spaces of string

Make a note

✓ This method will not remove the spaces which are available middle of
string object.

Program removing spaces in starting and ending of the string

Name demo17.py

course = "Python "

print("with spaces course length is: ",len(course))
x = course.strip()
print("after removing spaces, course length is: ",len(x))

Output
with spaces course length is: 18
after removing spaces, course length is: 6

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11.4. count(p) method

✓ count(p) is a pre-defined method in str class

✓ This method we should access by using string object.
✓ By using count() method we can find the number of occurrences of
substring present in the string

Program counting sub string by using count() method

Name demo18.py

s="Python programming language, Python is easy"

print(s.count("Python"))
print(s.count("Hello"))

output
2
0

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11.5. replace(p1, p2) method

✓ replace(p1, p2) is a pre-defined method in str class

✓ This method we should access by using string object.
✓ We can replace old string with new string by using replace(p1, p2)
method.

Program replacing string by using replace method

Name demo19.py

s1 = "Java programming language"

s2 = s1.replace("Java", "Python")

print(s1)
print(s2)

output
Java programming language
Python programming language

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Replace method returns new string object

✓ As we know string is immutable, so replace(p1, p2) method never

perform changes on the existing string object.
✓ replace(p1, p2) method creates new string object, we can check this by
using id(p) function

Program replacing string by using replace(p1, p2) method

Name demo20.py

s1 = "Java programming language"

s2 = s1.replace("Java", "Python")

print(s1)
print(s2)

print(id(s1))
print(id(s2))

output
Java programming language
Python programming language
49044256
48674600

String objects are immutable, Is replace(p1, p2) method will modify the string
objects?

✓ Once we create a string object, we cannot change or modify the existing

string object.
✓ This behaviour is called as immutability.
✓ If we are trying to change or modify the existing string object, then with
those changes a new string object will be created.
✓ So, replace(p1, p2) method will create new string object with the
modifications.

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Splitting of Strings:

11.6. split(p) method

✓ split(p) is a pre-defined method in str class

✓ This method we should access by using string object.
✓ The default separator is space.
✓ We can split the given string according to specified separator by using
split(p) method.
✓ split(p) method returns list.

Program splitting string by using split() method

Name demo21.py

s = "Python programming language"

n = s.split()

print("Before splitting:", s)
print("After splitting: ", n)

output

Before splitting: Python programming language

After splitting: ['Python', 'programming', 'language']

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Program splitting string by using split(p) method

Name demo22.py

s = "This is, Python programming, language "

n = s.split(",")

print("Before splitting:", s)
print("After splitting: ", n)

output

Before splitting: This is, Python programming, language

After splitting: ['This is', ' Python programming', ' language']

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