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Searching Sorting Algorithms

The document outlines searching and sorting algorithms, detailing various techniques such as linear, binary, and jump search, along with their time complexities. It also describes popular sorting algorithms including bubble, selection, and quick sort, highlighting their respective time complexities. The conclusion advises on the appropriate algorithms to use based on data characteristics, recommending linear search for unsorted data and quick/merge/heap sort for large datasets.

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4 views

Searching Sorting Algorithms

The document outlines searching and sorting algorithms, detailing various techniques such as linear, binary, and jump search, along with their time complexities. It also describes popular sorting algorithms including bubble, selection, and quick sort, highlighting their respective time complexities. The conclusion advises on the appropriate algorithms to use based on data characteristics, recommending linear search for unsorted data and quick/merge/heap sort for large datasets.

Uploaded by

goldysoni0309
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Searching and Sorting Algorithms

What is Searching?

Searching is the process of finding a specific element (called the key) in a data structure like an array or list.

Types of Searching Techniques:

1. Linear Search:

Check each element one by one.

Time Complexity: O(n)

C++ Example:

int linearSearch(int arr[], int n, int key) {

for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

if(arr[i] == key)

return i;

return -1;

2. Binary Search:

Divide the sorted array and search in halves.

Time Complexity: O(log n)

C++ Example:

int binarySearch(int arr[], int n, int key) {

int low = 0, high = n - 1;

while(low <= high) {

int mid = (low + high) / 2;

if(arr[mid] == key) return mid;

else if(arr[mid] < key) low = mid + 1;

else high = mid - 1;

return -1;
}

3. Jump Search:

Jump fixed steps and then do linear search.

Time Complexity: O(sqrt(n))

4. Interpolation Search:

Position is guessed using interpolation formula.

Time Complexity: Best: O(log log n), Worst: O(n)

5. Exponential Search:

Double the index and then apply binary search.

Time Complexity: O(log i)

What is Sorting?

Sorting means arranging data in order (ascending or descending).

Popular Sorting Algorithms:

1. Bubble Sort:

Repeatedly swap adjacent elements.

Time Complexity: O(n^2)

C++ Example:

void bubbleSort(int arr[], int n) {

for(int i = 0; i < n-1; i++)

for(int j = 0; j < n-i-1; j++)

if(arr[j] > arr[j+1])

swap(arr[j], arr[j+1]);

2. Selection Sort:

Find the minimum element and place it at the beginning.

Time Complexity: O(n^2)


3. Insertion Sort:

Insert elements into their correct place one by one.

Time Complexity: O(n^2), Best case: O(n)

4. Merge Sort:

Divide and merge subarrays.

Time Complexity: O(n log n)

5. Quick Sort:

Partition around pivot and sort subarrays.

Time Complexity: Best: O(n log n), Worst: O(n^2)

6. Heap Sort:

Convert to heap and extract max/min.

Time Complexity: O(n log n)

7. Radix Sort:

Sort based on digits.

Time Complexity: O(nk), where k is number of digits.

Conclusion:

Use linear search for unsorted data. Use binary/exponential search for sorted data.

Use quick/merge/heap sort for large datasets.

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