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People Counter System Using PIR Sensor

The document outlines the design and implementation of a People Counter System using Passive Infrared (PIR) sensors, an Arduino UNO, and an LCD display to count individuals entering and exiting a room. It details the components required, their specifications, the working principle of the system, and includes a simulation code for operation. The system is noted for its accuracy, low cost, and applications in various environments, though it also has limitations such as potential miscounts and interference from heat sources.

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indirapraveen1972
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19 views6 pages

People Counter System Using PIR Sensor

The document outlines the design and implementation of a People Counter System using Passive Infrared (PIR) sensors, an Arduino UNO, and an LCD display to count individuals entering and exiting a room. It details the components required, their specifications, the working principle of the system, and includes a simulation code for operation. The system is noted for its accuracy, low cost, and applications in various environments, though it also has limitations such as potential miscounts and interference from heat sources.

Uploaded by

indirapraveen1972
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PASSIVE INFRARED(PIR) SENSOR

OBJECTIVE:

To use PIR sensors at a doorway to count how many people enter/exit a room and display
the count on a serial monitor or LCD.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED AND IT’S SPECIFICATION:

COMPONENTS SPECIFICATION QUANTITY

PIR Sensors Detect motion at the entrance/exit to determine 2


direction (IN/OUT)
Arduino UNO Main controller for processing sensor inputs 1
and tracking count
16x2 LCD Displays the current people count 1

I2C Module (for practical Makes LCD wiring easier 1


connections since it is
unavailable in Tinkercad)
Breadboard Prototyping and easy wiring 1

Power Supply ( 5V battery) Provides DC supply to the Arduino, PIR 1


Sensors, LCD Display, LEDs
LED (for indication purposes or 2
to check connectivity) For entry/exit or system status indicator
220Ω Resistor Limits the flow of current flowing through the 1
LED’s
USB Cable To power and program the Arduino 1

10kΩ Potentiometer To control the contrast of the characters shown 1


(replacement for I2C Module in in the LCD display
case of Tinkercad connections)
Jumper wires For connections between sensors, LCD, and As required
Arduino
CONNECTION DIAGRAM:

BASIC PRINCIPLE:

The basic principle of People Counter system depends upon the following
components:

 PIR Sensors
 Microcontroller
 Counter Logic
 Output Device

1. PIR Sensors: A Passive Infrared (PIR) sensor is an electronic sensor that detects motion
by measuring the infrared (IR) radiation (heat) emitted by objects in its field of view.

2. Microcontroller: Here Arduino is used as a Microcontroller. The basic principle of


Arduino is to act as an open-source microcontroller platform that can read inputs, ,
process them using user-defined code, and produce outputs.

3. Counter logic: Counter logic monitors one or more input signals and increases
(increments) or decreases (decrements) a stored value based on predetermined conditions
or sequences.
4. Output Device: Here the LCD display is used to display the output and thus it displays
the person count.

WORKING PRINCIPLE:

The working principle of a people counter system is based on detecting and


counting individuals as they pass through a specific point. These systems use Passive Infrared
sensors and logic to increment or decrement a count depending on the direction of movement.
The PIR sensor detects the movement of the person crossing a particular point by detecting the
infrared radiation emitted by warm objects. They do not detect motion directly, but changes in
infrared heat in their field of view. These sensors also detect with the assistance of varying
temperature changes of the object. Here we use 2 PIR sensors such that one manages the entry
count whereas the other manages the exit count. The Arduino UNO acts as an open source
microcontroller such that we can manage the flow of data from the PIR sensors thereby
processing the logic through the uploaded C code to the Arduino board.

The LCD display is connected through bread board to display the count of
the people entered and exited. The potentiometer is also connected to the LCD display to adjust
the intensity of the characters on the screen and to prevent the display from being too faint or too
dark. The connections are given as per the connection diagram using the jumper wires in the
breadboard and the system can be powered either by using an Arduino or external DC supply.
The threshold voltage required for Arduino board and it’s components is 5V such that the
Arduino voltage regulator limits the voltage to 5V incase of voltage level above 5V is provided.

TINKERCAD SIMULATION:
SIMULATION CODE:

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);

int exited=0;

int entered=0;

void setup() {

lcd.begin(16, 2);

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print("PeopleEntered:");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print("PeopleExit:");

void loop() {

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

if(digitalRead(6)==HIGH)

entered++;

lcd.setCursor(14,0);

lcd.print(String(entered));

delay (2500);

if (digitalRead(7) ==HIGH)

exited++;

if(entered>=exited){
lcd.setCursor(14, 1);

lcd.print(String(exited));

delay (2500);

MERITS:

 Accurate Occupancy Monitoring


 Improved Security
 Low Cost & Easy Implementation
 Hands-Free Operation
 No labour force required
 Emits lesser radiation compared to other type of sensors
 Disruption of other wireless transmission signals can be prevented using PIR sensors

DRAWBACKS:

 Possibility of a miscount if multiple people pass simultaneously or change direction


quickly
 PIR-based systems typically can only track one person at a time accurately
 Not ideal for very large entryways or open areas without using multiple sensors
 It counts people but does not identify them such that they lack surveillance
 Heat sources and moving objects can interfere with PIR detection, causing false counts.
 Leads to false counts due to animals as they also exhibit heat emission
 Ensures lesser safety compared to other smart sensor detection

APPLICATIONS:

1. Museums and Exhibition Halls


2. Libraries and Classrooms
3. Retail Stores and Malls
4. Public Transport Terminals
INFERENCE:

The People Counter System successfully demonstrates how PIR sensors and an
Arduino Uno can be integrated to create an automated, cost-effective, and energy-efficient
method of monitoring occupancy. By detecting motion and processing the sensor data through
simple counter logic, the system can accurately count the number of people entering and exiting
a room, with the count clearly displayed on an LCD screen. This type of system has wide
applications in smart buildings, energy management, and security automation, proving the
practical value of microcontroller-based embedded systems in real-world environments.

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