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C Programming Language Basics

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C Programming Language Basics

Uploaded by

varaprasad.nani24
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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C Programming Language Basics

C is a powerful general-purpose programming language. It is fast, portable, and widely used for

system and application development. C was developed in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs

and has influenced many other programming languages.

This guide provides a comprehensive overview of the C language, covering its basic concepts,

syntax, and fundamental programming techniques.

1. Introduction to C Language
C is a procedural programming language that supports structured programming and recursion. It is

known for its efficiency and low-level memory access capabilities.

2. Data Types and Variables


C supports several basic data types: int, float, double, char. Variables are used to store data, and

each variable must be declared with a data type before use.

3. Operators
C has a wide range of operators, including arithmetic (+, -, *, /), relational (==, !=, >, <), logical (&&,

||, !), and bitwise operators (&, |, ^, ~).

4. Control Structures
Control structures in C include if, else, switch, for, while, and do-while loops. These structures help

control the flow of the program based on certain conditions.

5. Functions
Functions are blocks of code designed to perform specific tasks. C supports both standard library
functions and user-defined functions. Functions help in organizing code and reusability.

6. Arrays and Strings


Arrays in C are used to store a collection of data of the same type. Strings are arrays of characters

terminated with a null character '\0'.

7. Pointers
Pointers are variables that store memory addresses. They are powerful features of C that enable

direct memory manipulation and are used extensively for dynamic memory allocation.

8. File Handling
C provides file handling capabilities to create, read, write, and manipulate files. The standard

functions for file handling include fopen, fclose, fprintf, fscanf, fread, and fwrite.

9. Dynamic Memory Allocation


Dynamic memory allocation in C is managed using functions like malloc, calloc, realloc, and free.

These functions are essential for handling data structures whose size may change during program

execution.

10. Structs and Unions


Structures (structs) and unions are user-defined data types that allow grouping of variables under

one name. They are useful for handling data records.

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