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WWformulas - Cheat Sheet

The document provides a comprehensive formula sheet for applied wastewater math, including conversion factors, area and volume calculations, flow rates, detention time, and sludge digestion metrics. It also outlines various measurements and lab procedures relevant to wastewater treatment processes. Key formulas and definitions are presented for efficient calculations in wastewater management.

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Satya Teja Tata
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© © All Rights Reserved
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21 views4 pages

WWformulas - Cheat Sheet

The document provides a comprehensive formula sheet for applied wastewater math, including conversion factors, area and volume calculations, flow rates, detention time, and sludge digestion metrics. It also outlines various measurements and lab procedures relevant to wastewater treatment processes. Key formulas and definitions are presented for efficient calculations in wastewater management.

Uploaded by

Satya Teja Tata
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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APPLIED WASTEWATER MATH FORMULA SHEET

AND CONVERSION FACTORS


12 in = 1 ft 27 cu ft = 1 cu yd 1,000 mg = 1 gm 60 sec = 1 min
3 ft = 1yd 7.48 gal = 1 cu ft 1,000 gm = 1 kg 60 min = 1 hour
5,280 ft = 1 mi 8.34 lbs = 1 gal water 1,000 ml = 1 liter 1,440 min = 1 day
144 sq in = 1ft2 62.4 lbs = 1 ft3 water 2.31 ft water = 1 psi 10,000 mg/L = 1%
43,560 ft2 = 1 acre 746 watts = 1hp 0.433 psi = 1 ft water 454 gm = 1 lb
L = Length B = Base π = 3.14 W = Width H = Height R = Radius
Q = Flow Rate A = Area V = Volume v = velocity SG = Specific Gravity

Chlorine Demand (mg/L) = dosage (mg/L) – residual (mg/L)

AREA

Rectangle: A = L x W Triangle: A = ½ B x H Circle: Area = πR2

VOLUME

Cylinder: V = πR 2H Rectangle: V = L x W x H Cone: V = 1/3πR2H

VELOCITIES and FLOW RATES

1. Velocity = distance
time

2. Q = v x A

DETENTION TIME

Detention Time = V
Q

PARTS PER MILLION / POUNDS

lbs = 8.34 lbs / gal x mg/L x MG x SG

SEDIMENTATION AND LOADINGS

1. Weir overflow rate = total flow


length of weir

2. Surface overflow rate = Influent flow


surface area

3. Solids Loading rate = solids applied


surface area

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SEDIMENTATION AND LOADINGS (continued)

4. Efficiency, % = (in) – (out) x 100%


(in)

5. Organic loading rate (activated sludge) = CBOD applied


V

6. Hydraulic loading rate = Q


A

7. Centrifuge hydraulic loading: hydraulic loading rate = Q x run time


run time + skim time

ACTIVATED SLUDGE

1. SVI = 30 min settling, ml/L x 1,000 mg


MLSS, mg/L gram

2. SDI = 100
SVI

3. Solids inventory, lbs = (Tank volume, MG) x (solids concentration, mg/L) x (8.34 lbs / gal)

4. Sludge age, days = solids under aeration, lbs


solids added, lbs / day

5. F/M = CBOD applied


Organic solids under aeration

6. MCRT = solids inventory


[effluent solids + WAS solids]

7. Change, WAS rate, MGD = (current solids inventory, lbs) – (desired solids inventory, lbs)
WAS, mg/L x 8.34 lbs / gal

8. Return sludge rate, MGD = (settleable solids, mL) x Q


(1,000 mL) – (settleable solids, mL)

SLUDGE DIGESTION

1. Dry solids, lbs = (sludge, gal) x (sludge, % solids) x (8.34 lbs / gal) x SG
100%

2. Seed Sludge, lbs volatile solids = volatile solids pumped (lbs volatile solids / day)
loading factor (lbs VS / day) / lb VS in digester

3. Seed Sludge, gal = seed sludge (lbs volatile solids)


seed sludge (lbs / gal) x (solids %) x (volatile solids %)
100% (100%)

4. Digested sludge removed = Total sludge in – volatile solids destroyed

5. Lime required, lbs = (sludge, MG) x (volatile acids, mg/L) x (8.34 lbs / gal)

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SLUDGE DIGESTION (continued)

6. Percent volatile solids reduction = (in - out) x 100%


in - (in x out)

7. VS destroyed, lbs / day / cu ft = volatile solids added (lbs / day) x volatile solids reduction (%)
digester volume (ft3) x 100%

8. Gas production (cu ft / lb VS) = gas produced (ft3 / day)


VS destroyed (lbs / day)

HORSEPOWER, FORCE, CHEMICAL PUMPS

1. Water HP = Q(gpm) x 8.34 lbs / gal x head (ft)


33,000 ft-lbs / min

2. Break HP = Water HP
pump efficiency

3. Motor HP = BHP
motor efficiency

4. Upward force = 62.4 (lbs / ft3) x height (ft) x area (ft2)

5. Side wall force = 31.2 (lbs / ft3) x volume (ft3)

6. Chemical solution, lbs / gal = (solution %) x 8.34 lbs / gal)


100%

7. Feed pump flow, gal / day = chemical feed (lbs / day)


Chemical solution (lbs / gal)

8. Scale setting, % = desired flow (gal / day) (100%)


maximum feed rate (gal/day)

9. Total Dynamic Head = Static Head + Friction Losses

10. Static Head = Suction Lift + Discharge Head

11. Polymer solution % = dry polymer (lb)


100% Vol of solution (gal) x 8.34 (lbs / gal)

LAB PROCEDURES AND MEASUREMENTS

1. TSS, mg/L = (RDD – DD) x 1M


sample vol (mL)
2. VSS, mg/L = (RDD – FDD) x 1M
sample vol (mL)

where: RDD = dried residue + dish + disc (filter)(grams)


DD = dish + disc, grams
FDD = fired residue + dish + disc (grams)
1M = 1,000,000

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LAB PROCEDURES AND MEASUREMENTS (continued)

3. VSS, % = volatile solids (mg/L) x 100%


total suspended solids (mg/L)

4. CBOD sample size (mL) = 1,200


estimated CBOD (mg/L)

5. Seed correction, mg/L for 1 mL seed = seed initial D.O. – seed final D.O.
mL seed added

6. CBOD, mg/L = [(Initial D.O. – Final D.O.) – seed correction factor] x bottle volume (mL)
sample volume (mL)

7. Initial D.O. = (mL sample x D.O. sample) + (mL dilution water x D.O. dilution water)
bottle volume (mL)

8. Temperature Conversion: Temperature, F = (temperature C)(1.8) + 32

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