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Properties of Solids Lesson

The lesson covers the mechanical properties of solids, focusing on elasticity, stress, strain, and Hooke's Law. It explains how materials deform under forces and regain shape, with key concepts including stress, strain, and elastic moduli. The stress-strain curve illustrates material behavior, aiding in the selection of materials for engineering applications.

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3 views2 pages

Properties of Solids Lesson

The lesson covers the mechanical properties of solids, focusing on elasticity, stress, strain, and Hooke's Law. It explains how materials deform under forces and regain shape, with key concepts including stress, strain, and elastic moduli. The stress-strain curve illustrates material behavior, aiding in the selection of materials for engineering applications.

Uploaded by

snehal.dalvi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson: Dimensions in Physics

Have You Ever Wondered...

Why do bridges bend slightly under heavy loads?

How do metal wires stretch and return to shape?

Why do different materials break under different conditions?

These questions lead us to the study of mechanical properties of solids-how solid materials deform and

respond to forces.

1. Elasticity

Elasticity is the property of a body to regain its original shape after the deforming force is removed.

- Perfect elasticity: Body regains original shape completely

- Plasticity: Body does not return to original shape

2. Stress and Strain

- **Stress**: Force per unit area (N/m^2 or pascal)

Stress = F / A

- **Strain**: Ratio of change in dimension to original dimension (dimensionless)

- Types:

a) Longitudinal stress and strain (change in length)

b) Volume stress and strain (change in volume)

c) Shear stress and strain (change in shape)

3. Hooke's Law

Within elastic limits, stress is directly proportional to strain:

Stress proportional to Strain => Stress = E x Strain

Where E is the modulus of elasticity (Young's modulus, bulk modulus, or shear modulus)

4. Elastic Moduli
Lesson: Dimensions in Physics

- **Young's Modulus (Y):** For longitudinal strain

Y = (F/A) / (DeltaL/L)

- **Bulk Modulus (B):** For volume strain

B = - (DeltaP) / (DeltaV/V)

- **Shear Modulus (eta):** For shear strain

eta = (shearing force/area) / (angular displacement)

5. Stress-Strain Curve

- Shows relation between stress and strain

- Key points:

a) Proportional limit: Hooke's law valid

b) Elastic limit: Beyond this, deformation is permanent

c) Yield point: Material begins to flow

d) Breaking point: Fracture occurs

6. Applications

- Selection of materials for bridges, machines, and structures

- Design of wires, springs, and structural supports

- Helps engineers choose materials based on strength, ductility, and elasticity

Quick Summary

- Solids deform under force and regain shape if elastic

- Stress = Force / Area; Strain = deformation / original size

- Hooke's law: Stress proportional to Strain within elastic limit

- Elastic moduli describe how rigid or compressible a material is

- Stress-strain curve helps understand material behavior

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