Advanced Web Technology

Unit I

ASP.NET is an open source, server side web application framework developed by

Microsoft. It is built on the .NET Framework and allows developers to create dynamic,
scalable, and secure web applications.

ASP.NET 4.5 (Active Server Pages)

ASP.NET 4.5 is a version of the ASP. NET web application framework, released by
Microsoft in 2012. It’s a part of the .NET Framework 4.5 and provides a set of tools and
libraries for building dynamic, scalable, and secure web applications.

ASP.NET 4.5 includes several key features and improvements, such as:

1. *Web Forms*: A framework for building web applications using a page-based model.

2. *MVC (Model-View-Controller)*: A framework for building web applications using a

model-view-controller pattern.

3. *Web API*: A framework for building RESTful web services.

4. *SignalR*: A library for building real-time web applications.

5. *Entity Framework*: An ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) framework for working with

databases.

ASP. NET 4.5 also includes several improvements and features, such as:

1. *Async and Await*: Improved support for asynchronous programming.

2. *Bundling and Minification*: Improved support for bundling and minifying JavaScript
and CSS files.

3. *WebSockets*: Support for WebSockets, enabling bidirectional, real-time

communication.

4. *Improved Security*: Enhanced security features, including improved protection

against cross-site scripting (XSS) and cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks.
Overall, ASP.NET 4.5 provides a robust and feature-rich framework for building web
applications, but it’s worth noting that it’s an older version, and newer versions, such as
ASP.NET Core, are now available.

Microsoft visual studio express for web

Microsoft Visual Studio Express for Web is a free version of the popular Visual Studio
integrated development environment (IDE). It’s designed specifically for web
development, allowing developers to create, design, and deploy web applications.

Here are some key features of Visual Studio Express for Web:

Key Features

1. *Web Development Tools*: Includes tools for building web applications, such as HTML,
CSS, JavaScript, and ASP.NET

2. *Code Editor*: A feature-rich code editor with syntax highlighting, code completion, and
debugging tools.

3. *Design View*: A visual design surface for creating and designing web pages.

4. *Database Tools*: Includes tools for working with databases, such as SQL Server
Express.

5. *Debugging and Testing*: Includes tools for debugging and testing web applications.

System Requirements

1. *Operating System*: Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10, or Windows Server 2008

R2.

2. *Processor*: 1.6 GHz or faster processor.

3. *RAM*: 1 GB of RAM (2 GB or more recommended).

4. *Hard Disk Space*: 5 GB of available hard disk space.

Limitations

1. *Limited Project Types*: Only supports web-related project types.

2. *No Plug-in Support*: Does not support plug-ins or extensions.

3. *Limited Debugging*: Limited debugging capabilities compared to the full version of

Visual Studio.

Overall, Visual Studio Express for Web is a great option for web developers who want a
free, feature-rich IDE for building web applications. However, it’s worth noting that it has
some limitations compared to the full version of Visual Studio.

Getting visual studio installing visual studio express (vsew)

Here’s a step-by-step guide to download and install Visual Studio Express for Web
(VSEW):

*System Requirements*

Before installing, ensure your system meets the requirements:

- Operating System: Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10, or Windows Server 2008 R2

- Processor: 1.6 GHz or faster processor

- RAM: 1 GB of RAM (2 GB or more recommended)

- Hard Disk Space: 5 GB of available hard disk space

*Downloading Visual Studio Express for Web*

1. Go to the Microsoft Visual Studio Express download page.

2. Click on the “Download” button for Visual Studio Express 2012 for Web or Visual Studio
Express 2013 for Web.

3. Choose the language and platform (32-bit or 64-bit) that matches your system
configuration.

4. Click on the “Download” button to start the download process.

*Installing Visual Studio Express for Web*

1. Once the download is complete, run the installer (vs_express_for_web_2012.exe or

vs_express_for_web_2013.exe).

2. Click on the “Next” button to start the installation process.

3. Accept the license terms and click on the “Next” button.

4. Choose the installation location and click on the “Next” button.

5. Select the features you want to install (e.g., web development tools, SQL Server
Express).

6. Click on the “Install” button to start the installation process.

7. Wait for the installation to complete. This may take several minutes.

8. Click on the “Finish” button to complete the installation process.

*Launching Visual Studio Express for Web*

1. Go to the Start menu (Windows 7 or Windows 8) or the Start screen (Windows 10).

2. Type “Visual Studio Express” in the search bar.

3. Click on the “Visual Studio Express for Web” icon to launch the application.

You’re now ready to start building web applications with Visual Studio Express for Web!
Creating your first asp.net 4.5 website

Here's a step-by-step guide to creating your first ASP.NET 4.5 website:

Step 1: Launch Visual Studio

Open Visual Studio 2012 or later, which supports ASP.NET 4.5.

Step 2: Create a New Project

1. Click on "File" in the menu bar.

2. Select "New" and then "Project...".

3. In the "New Project" dialog box, select "ASP.NET Web Forms Application" under the
"C#" or "VB" section.

4. Name your project (e.g., "MyFirstWebsite").

5. Choose a location for your project.

6. Click "OK".

Step 3: Choose the .NET Framework

1. In the "New ASP.NET Project" dialog box, select ".NET Framework 4.5" from the
dropdown list.

2. Click "OK".

Step 4: Design Your Website

1. In the Solution Explorer, right-click on the project and select "Add" > "New Item...".

2. In the "Add New Item" dialog box, select "Web Form" under the "C#" or "VB" section.

3. Name your web form (e.g., "Default.aspx").

4. Click "Add".

Step 5: Write Your Code

1. Open the Default.aspx file in the editor.

2. Write your HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code to design your website.

3. Use the Toolbox to drag and drop controls onto your web form.

Step 6: Run Your Website

1. Press F5 or click on the "Debug" menu and select "Start Debugging".

2. Your website will launch in the default web browser.

Step 7: Test and Deploy

1. Test your website to ensure it works as expected.

2. Once you're satisfied with your website, you can deploy it to a web server or hosting
provider.

Introduction to ASP. NET 4.5

ASP.NET 4.5 is a version of the ASP. NET web application framework, released by
Microsoft in 2012. It's a part of the .NET Framework 4.5 and provides a set of tools and
libraries for building dynamic, scalable, and secure web applications.

Key Features of ASP. NET 4.5

1. *Improved Performance*: ASP.NET 4.5 includes several performance enhancements,

such as improved caching, optimized database queries, and better support for
asynchronous programming.

2. *WebSockets*: ASP.NET 4.5 introduces support for WebSockets, enabling

bidirectional, real-time communication between web clients and servers.
3. *Bundling and Minification*: ASP.NET 4.5 includes improved support for bundling and
minifying JavaScript and CSS files, reducing page load times and improving overall
performance.

4. *Web API*: ASP.NET 4.5 introduces the ASP.NET Web API, a framework for building
RESTful web services.

5. *Improved Security*: ASP. NET 4.5 includes several security enhancements, such as
improved protection against cross-site scripting (XSS) and cross-site request forgery
(CSRF) attacks.

Benefits of Using ASP .NET 4.5

1. *Rapid Development*: ASP.NET 4.5 provides a robust set of tools and libraries for
building web applications quickly and efficiently.

2. *Scalability*: ASP.NET 4.5 is designed to support large-scale web applications, with

features like improved caching, optimized database queries, and better support for
asynchronous programming.

3. *Security*: ASP.NET 4.5 includes several security enhancements, such as improved

protection against XSS and CSRF attacks.

4. *Cross-Platform Compatibility*: ASP.NET 4.5 supports deployment to multiple

platforms, including Windows, Linux, and macOS.

Real-World Applications of ASP.NET 4.5

1. *Web Applications*: ASP.NET 4.5 is well-suited for building complex web applications,
such as e-commerce sites, social media platforms, and online forums.

2. *Web Services*: ASP .NET 4.5 provides a robust framework for building RESTful web
services, enabling developers to create scalable and secure APIs.

3. *Mobile Applications*: ASP.NET 4.5 can be used to build mobile applications, using
frameworks like Xamarin or React Native.
In conclusion, ASP.NET 4.5 is a powerful and feature-rich framework for building dynamic,
scalable, and secure web applications. Its improved performance, WebSockets support,
and enhanced security features make it an ideal choice for developers building complex
web applications.

A Tour of the IDE (Integrated Development Environment)

Menu Bar

The menu bar is located at the top of the IDE and provides access to various menus,
such as:

1. File: Create, open, and save projects and files.

2. Edit: Edit code, including cut, copy, paste, and undo.

3. View: Customize the IDE layout, including toolbars, windows, and tabs.

4. Debug: Debug code, including setting breakpoints and stepping through code.

5. Tools: Access various tools, such as the NuGet package manager and the Visual Studio
installer.

6. Window: Manage windows and tabs within the IDE.

7. Help: Access help resources, including documentation, tutorials, and online support.

Toolbars

Toolbars provide quick access to frequently used commands and features. Some
common toolbars include:

1. Standard: Provides basic editing and navigation commands.

2. Text Editor: Provides commands for editing code, such as formatting and syntax
highlighting.

3. Debug: Provides commands for debugging code, such as setting breakpoints and
stepping through code.

Solution Explorer

The Solution Explorer is a window that displays the structure of your project or solution.
It allows you to:

1. Create new projects: Add new projects to your solution.

2. Add existing projects: Add existing projects to your solution.

3. Manage project files: Add, remove, and manage files within your project.

4. Build and deploy: Build and deploy your project or solution.

Code Editor

The Code Editor is where you write and edit your code. It provides features such as:

1. Syntax highlighting: Highlights code syntax to make it easier to read.

2. IntelliSense: Provides code completion and suggestions as you type.

3. Code refactoring: Allows you to refactor code to improve its structure and readability.

4. Debugging: Allows you to set breakpoints and step through code to debug issues.
Designer Windows

Designer windows provide a visual interface for designing and building user interfaces.
Some common designer windows include:

1. Web Forms Designer: Allows you to design and build web forms using a drag-and-drop
interface.

2. Windows Forms Designer: Allows you to design and build Windows desktop
applications using a drag-and-drop interface.

3. WPF Designer: Allows you to design and build Windows Presentation Foundation
(WPF) applications using a drag-and-drop interface.

Output Window

The Output window displays output from the build process, debugging, and other
activities. It provides information such as:

1. Build errors: Displays errors that occur during the build process.

2. Debug output: Displays output from the debugging process, such as variable values
and exception messages.

3. Other output: Displays other output, such as warnings and information messages.

Building an ASP.NET Website:

Creating Websites with Visual Studio 2012

Step 1: Create a New Project

1. Open Visual Studio.

2. Click on "File" > "New" > "Project...".

3. In the "New Project" dialog box, select "ASP.NET Web Forms Application" under the
"C#" or "VB" section.

4. Name your project and choose a location.

5. Click "OK".

Step 2: Design Your Website

1. In the Solution Explorer, right-click on the project and select "Add" > "New Item...".

2. In the "Add New Item" dialog box, select "Web Form" under the "C#" or "VB" section.

3. Name your web form (e.g., "Default.aspx").

4. Click "Add".

5. Design your web form using the Designer window.

Step 3: Write Your Code

1. Open the Default.aspx.cs file (or Default.aspx.vb for VB).

2. Write your C# (or VB) code to handle events, validate user input, and interact with
databases.
Step 4: Add Controls and Features

1. Use the Toolbox to drag and drop controls onto your web form.

2. Configure control properties and events as needed.

3. Add features such as user authentication, data binding, and validation.

Step 5: Test and Debug

1. Press F5 or click on the "Debug" menu and select "Start Debugging".

2. Test your website to ensure it works as expected.

3. Use the Debugger to identify and fix errors.

Step 6: Deploy Your Website

1. Use the "Publish" feature in Visual Studio to deploy your website to a web server or
hosting provider.

2. Configure your website settings, such as database connections and security settings.

3. Test your deployed website to ensure it works as expected.

Different Project Types

Web Project Types

1. ASP .NET Web Forms Application: A traditional web application project that uses Web
Forms, Master Pages, and Web User Controls.

2. ASP .NET MVC Application: A web application project that uses the Model-View-
Controller (MVC) pattern.
3. ASP .NET Web API Application: A web application project that uses the ASP.NET Web
API framework to build RESTful web services.

4. ASP .NET Single Page Application: A web application project that uses a single-page
application (SPA) framework, such as AngularJS or KnockoutJS.

Desktop Project Types

1. Windows Forms Application: A desktop application project that uses Windows Forms
to build graphical user interfaces.

2. WPF Application: A desktop application project that uses Windows Presentation

Foundation (WPF) to build graphical user interfaces.

3. Console Application: A console application project that runs in a command-line

interface.

Mobile Project Types

1. Windows Phone App: A mobile application project that targets Windows Phone
devices.

2. Windows Store App: A mobile application project that targets Windows Store devices.

Cloud Project Types

1. Azure Cloud Service: A cloud-based project that deploys to Microsoft Azure.

2. Azure Web App: A cloud-based project that deploys to Microsoft Azure as a web app.

Database Project Types

1. SQL Server Database Project: A database project that targets Microsoft SQL Server.

2. Azure SQL Database Project: A database project that targets Microsoft Azure SQL
Database.
Testing Project Types

1. Unit Test Project: A testing project that contains unit tests for your application.

2. Web Performance Test Project: A testing project that contains web performance tests
for your application.

Choosing the Right Website Template

1. Blog: Choose a template with a clean and simple design, featuring a prominent blog
section.

2. E-commerce: Select a template with a built-in shopping cart, product showcase, and
payment gateway integration.

3. Portfolio: Opt for a template with a visually appealing design, showcasing your work
and projects.

4. Business: Choose a template with a professional and corporate design, featuring a

clear navigation and call-to-action buttons.

Design and Layout

1. Responsive: Ensure the template is responsive, adapting to different screen sizes and
devices.

2. Color Scheme: Select a template with a color scheme that matches your brand identity.

3. Typography: Choose a template with a clear and readable typography.

4. Imagery: Opt for a template with high-quality imagery and graphics.

Features and Functionality

1. Customizable: Ensure the template is customizable, allowing you to make changes to

the design and layout.

2. Widgets and Modules: Choose a template with built-in widgets and modules, such as
social media integration, contact forms, and newsletter sign-ups.

3. Search Engine Optimization (SEO): Opt for a template with built-in SEO features, such
as meta tags, titles, and descriptions.

4. Mobile-Friendliness: Ensure the template is mobile-friendly, providing a smooth user

experience on mobile devices.

Compatibility and Support

1. Browser Compatibility: Ensure the template is compatible with major browsers,

including Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Safari.

2. CMS Compatibility: Choose a template compatible with your preferred Content

Management System (CMS), such as WordPress, Joomla, or Drupal.

3. Support and Documentation: Opt for a template with comprehensive documentation,

tutorials, and support resources.

4. Updates and Maintenance: Ensure the template is regularly updated and maintained,
providing bug fixes and new features.

By considering these factors, you can choose a website template that meets your needs
and provides a solid foundation for your online presence.

Template Types

1. Starter Templates: Basic templates that provide a foundation for building a website.

2. Theme Templates: Pre-designed templates that provide a consistent look and feel.

3. Layout Templates: Templates that focus on the layout and structure of the website.
Design and Layout

1. Responsive Design: Ensure the template is responsive and adapts to different screen
sizes and devices.

2. Master Pages: Choose a template that uses Master Pages to provide a consistent
layout throughout the website.

3. CSS and JavaScript: Ensure the template uses CSS and JavaScript to enhance the
user experience.

Features and Functionality

1. Navigation and Menu: Choose a template with a clear and intuitive navigation and
menu system.

2. Content Management: Ensure the template provides a content management system

(CMS) to easily manage and update content.

3. Security and Authentication: Choose a template that provides built-in security and
authentication features.

Compatibility and Support

1. Browser Compatibility: Ensure the template is compatible with major browsers,

including Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Safari.

2. Framework Compatibility: Choose a template that is compatible with the ASP.NET

framework version you are using.

3. Support and Documentation: Opt for a template with comprehensive documentation,

tutorials, and support resources.

Popular Template Options

1. Starter Kit: A free, open-source template provided by Microsoft.

2. Boilerplate: A popular, open-source template that provides a comprehensive foundation
for building asp .net applications.

3. AdminLTE: A popular, open-source template that provides a comprehensive foundation

for building administrative interfaces.

Creating website with visual studio 2012

Here's a step-by-step guide to creating a website with Visual Studio 2012:

# Step 1: Launch Visual Studio 2012

Open Visual Studio 2012 on your computer.

# Step 2: Choose the Project Type

Click on "File" -> "New" -> "Project..." to open the New Project dialog box. In the Installed
Templates section, select "Visual C#" or "Visual Basic" under the "Web" category.

# Step 3: Select the Website Template

Choose the "ASP.NET Web Forms Application" or "ASP.NET MVC 4 Web Application"
template, depending on your preference.

# Step 4: Configure the Project

Enter a name for your website, choose a location to save the project, and select the .NET
Framework version.

# Step 5: Design the Website

Use the Visual Studio designer to create web pages, add controls, and design the layout
of your website.
# Step 6: Write the Code

Write C# or ASP.NET code to add functionality to your website, handle events, and
interact with databases.

# Step 7: Test and Debug

Use the built-in debugger to test and debug your website, identify errors, and fix issues.

# Step 8: Publish the Website

Use the "Publish Web" feature to deploy your website to a hosting server, FTP site, or file
system.

That's it! With these steps, you can create a website using Visual Studio 2012.

Choosing the right website template

Choosing the right website template can be overwhelming, but here are some tips to help
you make the right choice:

# Consider Your Website's Purpose

1. Business: Choose a template that is professional, clean, and easy to navigate.

2. Blog: Select a template that is simple, minimalistic, and focuses on content.

3. E-commerce: Opt for a template that is designed for online shopping, with features like
product galleries and shopping carts.

4. Portfolio: Choose a template that showcases your work, with features like image
galleries and project descriptions.

# Think about Your Brand

1. Color scheme: Choose a template that matches your brand's color scheme.

2. Typography: Select a template with typography that aligns with your brand's font styles.
3. Imagery: Opt for a template that uses imagery that resonates with your brand.

# Evaluate the Template's Features

1. Responsive design: Ensure the template is mobile-friendly and responsive.

2. Customization options: Choose a template that offers easy customization options.

3. Page layouts: Select a template that offers various page layouts to suit your needs.

4. Third-party integrations: Opt for a template that integrates with third-party services you
use.

# Check the Template's Performance

1. Page speed: Ensure the template is optimized for fast page loading.

2. SEO: Choose a template that is optimized for search engines.

3. Browser compatibility: Select a template that is compatible with various browsers.

# Read Reviews and Check the Template's Support

1. Reviews: Read reviews from other users to get an idea of the template's strengths and
weaknesses.

2. Support: Opt for a template that offers reliable customer support.

By considering these factors, you can choose a website template that meets your needs
and helps you achieve your online goals.

Creating and opening a new website

Here's a step-by-step guide to creating and opening a new website:

# Step 1: Plan Your Website

1. Define your website's purpose and target audience.

2. Determine the content and features you want to include.

3. Sketch a rough wireframe of your website's layout.

# Step 2: Choose a Domain Name

1. Brainstorm a unique and memorable domain name.

2. Check if the domain name is available using a registrar like GoDaddy.

3. Register your domain name.

# Step 3: Select a Web Host

1. Research and compare different web hosting services.

2. Choose a reliable web host that meets your needs.

3. Sign up for a web hosting plan.

# Step 4: Design Your Website

1. Use a website builder like Wix, Squarespace, or WordPress.

2. Choose a pre-designed template or create a custom design.

3. Customize your website's layout, colors, and fonts.

# Step 5: Add Content

1. Create high-quality, engaging content for your website.

2. Add text, images, videos, and other media to your website.

3. Organize your content into pages, posts, and categories.

# Step 6: Launch Your Website

1. Review your website for errors and bugs.

2. Test your website's functionality and performance.

3. Launch your website and make it available to the public.

# Step 7: Promote Your Website

1. Develop a marketing strategy to promote your website.

2. Use social media, email marketing, and search engine optimization (SEO) to attract
visitors.

3. Monitor your website's analytics and adjust your marketing strategy accordingly.

That's it! With these steps, you can create and open a new website.

Creating and opening a new website

Planning and Registration

1. *Choose a domain name*: Pick a unique and memorable name for your website.
2. *Register the domain name*: Use a registrar like GoDaddy or Namecheap to register
your domain name.
3. *Select a web hosting service*: Choose a reliable web hosting service like Bluehost,
HostGator, or SiteGround.

Setting Up Your Website

1. *Choose a website builder or CMS*: Select a website builder like Wix, Squarespace,
or WordPress, or a Content Management System (CMS) like Joomla or Drupal.
2. *Install the necessary software*: If you're using a CMS, install it on your website.
3. *Design your website*: Create a visually appealing design for your website using
templates, themes, or custom coding.
4. *Add content*: Create and add high-quality content to your website, including text,
images, and videos.
Launching Your Website
1. *Upload your website files*: Use FTP (File Transfer Protocol) software or your web
hosting service's file manager to upload your website files.
2. *Configure your website settings*: Set up your website's settings, including the domain
name, email, and security settings.
3. *Test your website*: Test your website for functionality, usability, and performance.
4. *Launch your website*: Once you're satisfied with your website, launch it and make it
available to the public.

Promoting Your Website

1. *Search Engine Optimization (SEO)*: Optimize your website for search engines to
improve visibility and ranking.
2. *Social media marketing*: Promote your website on social media platforms to reach a
wider audience.

3. *Content marketing*: Create and share high-quality content to attract and engage with
your target audience.
4. *Paid advertising*: Use paid advertising channels like Google AdWords or Facebook
Ads to promote your website.

Working with files in your Website

Uploading Files
1. *File Input Field*: Add a file input field to your HTML form using the `<input type="file">`
tag.
2. *Server-Side Scripting*: Use a server-side scripting language like PHP, Python, or
Ruby to handle the file upload.
3. *File Upload Library*: Consider using a file upload library like Uploadify or jQuery File
Upload to simplify the process.

Storing Files
1. *File System*: Store uploaded files in a directory on your server's file system.
2. *Database*: Store file metadata, such as file names and descriptions, in a database.
3. *Cloud Storage*: Consider using cloud storage services like Amazon S3 or Google
Cloud Storage to store files.

Retrieving Files
1. *File Path*: Use the file path to retrieve a file from the server's file system.
2. *Database Query*: Use a database query to retrieve file metadata.
3. *Cloud Storage API*: Use a cloud storage API to retrieve files from cloud storage.

Displaying Files
1. *HTML*: Use HTML to display files, such as images or videos, on your website.
2. *CSS*: Use CSS to style the file display.
3. *JavaScript*: Use JavaScript to add interactivity to the file display.

Deleting Files
1. *File System*: Use the file system to delete files from the server.
2. *Database*: Update the database to reflect the deletion of the file.
3. *Cloud Storage API*: Use a cloud storage API to delete files from cloud storage.

Security Considerations
1. *File Upload Validation*: Validate file uploads to prevent malicious files from being
uploaded.
2. *File Access Control*: Control access to files to prevent unauthorized access.
3. *File Encryption*: Consider encrypting files to protect sensitive data.

File types of an ASP.NET 4.5 Website

Web Pages
1. `.aspx`: ASP.NET Web Forms pages
2. `.ascx`: ASP.NET Web Forms user controls
3. `.ashx`: ASP.NET Web Forms generic handlers
4. `.axd`: ASP.NET Web Forms resource files

Code-Behind Files
1. `.aspx.cs`: C# code-behind files for ASP.NET Web Forms pages
2. `.aspx.vb`: ASP.NET code-behind files for ASP.NET Web Forms pages

Configuration Files
1. `web.config`: Main configuration file for ASP.NET 4.5 websites
2. `app.config`: Configuration file for console applications or Windows services

Data Access Files

1. `.edmx`: Entity Framework data model files
2. `.dbml`: LINQ to SQL data model files

Business Logic Files

1. `.cs`: C# class files for business logic
2. `.vb`: ASP.NET class files for business logic

Helper Files
1. `.resx`: Resource files for localization
2. `.js`: JavaScript files for client-side scripting
3. `.css`: Cascading Style Sheets for styling

Assembly Files
1. `.dll`: Dynamic link library files for compiled assemblies
2. `.exe`: Executable files for console applications or Windows services

Other Files
1. `.sln`: Solution files for Visual Studio projects
2. `.csproj`: Project files for C# projects
3. `.vbproj`: Project files for ASP.NET projects

Brief Explanation of file types

1. *`.aspx`* (Active Server Pages Extended): ASP.NET Web Forms pages. These files
contain HTML, CSS, and server-side code (C# or ASP.NET) that runs on the server.
2. *`.ascx`* (Active Server Control Extended): ASP.NET Web Forms user controls. These
files contain reusable UI components that can be used across multiple pages.
3. *`.ashx`* (Active Server HTTP Handler Extended): ASP.NET Web Forms generic
handlers. These files handle specific requests, such as image or file downloads.
4. *`.axd`* (Active XML Document): ASP.NET Web Forms resource files. These files
contain resources, such as images or scripts that are used by the application.

Code-Behind Files
1. *`.aspx.cs`*: C# code-behind files for ASP.NET Web Forms pages. These files contain
the server-side code that runs on the server.
2. *`.aspx.vb`*: ASP.NET code-behind files for ASP.NET Web Forms pages. These files
contain the server-side code that runs on the server.

Configuration Files
1. *`web.config`*: Main configuration file for ASP.NET 4.5 websites. This file contains
settings for the application, such as database connections and authentication.
2. *`app.config`*: Configuration file for console applications or Windows services. This file
contains settings for the application, such as database connections and logging.

Data Access Files

1. *`.edmx`*: Entity Framework data model files. These files contain the definition of the
database schema and the mapping between the database tables and the application's
data models.
2. *`.dbml`*: LINQ to SQL data model files. These files contain the definition of the
database schema and the mapping between the database tables and the application's
data models.
Business Logic Files
1. *`.cs`*: C# class files for business logic. These files contain the application's business
logic, such as calculations, data processing, and validation.
2. *`.vb`*: ASP.NET class files for business logic. These files contain the application's
business logic, such as calculations, data processing, and validation.
Helper Files
1. *`.resx`*: Resource files for localization. These files contain resources, such as strings
and images that are used by the application and can be translated into different
languages.
2. *`.js`*: JavaScript files for client-side scripting. These files contain JavaScript code that
runs on the client-side, such as validation, animations, and AJAX requests.
3. *`.css`*: Cascading Style Sheets for styling. These files contain CSS rules that define
the layout, appearance, and behaviour of the application's UI.

Assembly Files
1. *`.dll`*: Dynamic link library files for compiled assemblies. These files contain compiled
code that can be used by the application.
2. *`.exe`*: Executable files for console applications or Windows services. These files
contain compiled code that can be executed directly.

Other Files
1. *`.sln`*: Solution files for Visual Studio projects. These files contain information about
the project, such as the project structure, dependencies, and build settings.
2. *`.csproj`*: Project files for C# projects. These files contain information about the
project, such as the project structure, dependencies, and build settings.
3. *`.vbproj`*: Project files for ASP.NET projects. These files contain information about
the project, such as the project structure, dependencies, and build settings.

Adding Existing Files

Here's a step-by-step guide on adding existing files to your website:

Method 1: Using File Manager (cPanel or Plesk)

1. Log in to your control panel: Access your website's control panel (cPanel or Plesk).
2. Navigate to File Manager: Click on the File Manager icon.
3. Upload files: Click on the "Upload" button and select the files you want to add.
4. Choose the upload destination: Select the directory where you want to upload the files.
5. Upload the files: Click on the "Upload" button to start the upload process.

Method 2: Using FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

1. Download and install an FTP client: Choose an FTP client like FileZilla, Cyberduck, or
Core FTP.
2. Connect to your FTP server: Enter your FTP credentials (hostname, username, and
password) to connect to your server.
3. Navigate to the upload directory: Find the directory where you want to upload the files.
4. Upload the files: Drag and drop the files from your local computer to the remote server.
5. Verify the upload: Check that the files have been uploaded successfully.

Method 3: Using a Website Builder

1. Log in to your website builder: Access your website builder dashboard (e.g., Wix,
Squarespace, or WordPress).
2. Navigate to the file upload section: Find the section where you can upload files (e.g.,
"Media" or "Files").
3. Upload the files: Click on the "Upload" button and select the files you want to add.
4. Choose the upload destination: Select the directory or page where you want to upload
the files.
5. Upload the files: Click on the "Upload" button to start the upload process.

Regardless of the method you choose, make sure to:

- Upload files to the correct directory: Ensure that you upload files to the correct directory
to avoid broken links or errors.
- Check file permissions: Verify that the uploaded files have the correct permissions to
ensure they can be accessed by your website.
- Test your website: After uploading files, test your website to ensure that everything is
working as expected.
Special File Types

1. Image Files

1. .jpg / .jpeg: Joint Photographic Experts Group images

2. .png: Portable Network Graphics images

3. .gif: Graphics Interchange Format images

4. .bmp: Bitmap images

5. .svg: Scalable Vector Graphics images

2. Audio Files

1. .mp3: MPEG Audio Layer 3 files

2. .wav: Waveform audio files

3. .ogg: Ogg Vorbis audio files

4. .aac: Advanced Audio Coding files

3. Video Files

1. .mp4: MPEG-4 video files

2. .avi: Audio Video Interleave files

3. .mov: QuickTime movie files

4. .wmv: Windows Media Video files

4. Document Files

1. .pdf: Portable Document Format files

2. .docx: Microsoft Word document files

3. .xlsx: Microsoft Excel spreadsheet files

4. .pptx: Microsoft PowerPoint presentation files

5. Compressed Files

1. .zip: ZIP archive files

2. .rar: RAR archive files

3. .7z: 7-Zip archive files

4. .tar: Tape archive files

6. Executable Files

1. .exe: Executable files for Windows

2. .msi: Windows Installer files

3. .apk: Android package files

4. .ipa: iOS installer package files

7. Web Development Files

1. .html: Hypertext Markup Language files

2. .css: Cascading Style Sheets files

3. .js: JavaScript files

4. .php: PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor files

8. Database Files

1. .db: Database files

2. .mdb: Microsoft Access database files

3. .sql: Structured Query Language files

4. .bak: Database backup files

Working with Web Forms:

Creating a Web Form

1. Open Visual Studio: Launch Visual Studio and create a new ASP.NET Web Forms
project.

2. Add a new Web Form: Right-click on the project in the Solution Explorer and select
"Add" > "New Item...".

3. Choose the Web Form template: Select the "Web Form" template and name your file
(e.g., "Default.aspx").

Web Form Structure

1. .aspx file: The .aspx file contains the HTML markup, server controls, and code nuggets.

2. .aspx.cs file: The .aspx.cs file contains the code-behind logic for the Web Form.

3. Page directive: The Page directive specifies the language, inherits, and other attributes
for the Web Form.

Server Controls

1. ASP.NET server controls: These controls provide a way to interact with the user and
perform server-side logic.

2. Types of server controls: Common server controls include Label, TextBox, Button,
GridView, and DetailsView.

3. Adding server controls: Drag and drop server controls from the Toolbox onto the Web
Form.
Handling Events

1. Event handling: Server controls can raise events, such as Click or TextChanged, which
can be handled in the code-behind.

2. Handling events: Double-click on a server control to create an event handler method

in the code-behind.

3. Writing event handler code: Write code to handle the event, such as updating a
database or displaying a message.

Validation and Error Handling

1. Validation controls: ASP.NET provides validation controls, such as

RequiredFieldValidator and RegularExpressionValidator, to validate user input.

2. Error handling: Use try-catch blocks to handle exceptions and display error messages
to the user.

Deploying a Web Form

1. Publishing a Web Form: Use the "Publish" feature in Visual Studio to deploy the Web
Form to a web server.

2. Configuring IIS: Configure Internet Information Services (IIS) to host the Web Form.

3. Testing the Web Form: Test the Web Form to ensure it works as expected.

Working with Web Forms:

The Different Views on Web Forms

Developer's View

1. Functionality: Web forms should be functional, efficient, and easy to implement.

2. Validation: Client-side and server-side validation are crucial for ensuring data accuracy
and security.
3. Accessibility: Web forms should be accessible on various devices, browsers, and
platforms.

(In the context of a developer's view on web forms, "functionality" refers to the technical
aspects that enable the form to work correctly. Here are some key aspects of functionality:

# Client-Side Functionality

1. Form validation: Checking user input for errors, such as invalid email addresses or
required fields.

2. Form submission: Sending the form data to the server for processing.

3. Dynamic form elements: Creating or modifying form elements based on user

interactions.

# Server-Side Functionality

1. Form data processing: Handling form submissions, storing data in databases, and
triggering automated workflows.

2. Error handling: Managing errors, such as invalid user input or technical issues, and
providing user-friendly error messages.

3. Security measures: Implementing security features, like CSRF protection and input
sanitization, to prevent malicious activities.

# Technical Implementation

1. Front-end frameworks: Using frameworks like React, Angular, or Vue.js to build and
manage form components.

2. Back-end technologies: Utilizing server-side languages like Node.js, Python, or Ruby

to handle form submissions and data processing.

3. API integrations: Integrating third-party APIs to enhance form functionality, such as

payment gateways or email marketing services).
# Designer's View

1. User Experience: Web forms should be visually appealing, and easy to navigate.

2. Layout and Organization: A well-structured layout helps users focus on each field and
reduces errors.

3. Branding and Consistency: Web forms should reflect the brand's identity and maintain
consistency throughout the website.

# User's View

1. Ease of Use: Web forms should be simple, concise, and easy to fill out.

2. Relevance and Clarity: Fields and labels should be clear, relevant, and appropriate for
audience.

3. Security and Trust: Users expect web forms to be secure, trustworthy, and respectful
of their data.

# Business Owner's View

1. Conversion Rates: Web forms should be optimized to increase conversion rates and
achieve business goals.

2. Data Collection: Web forms provide valuable customer data, which can be used to
improve marketing strategies and customer relationships.

3. Customer Satisfaction: Web forms should be designed to ensure customer satisfaction,

reduce friction, and build trust in the brand.

Choosing between Code Behind and Pages with Inline Code

Code-Behind

1. Separate file: Code is written in a separate file (e.g., .cs or .vb).

2. Event-driven: Code is executed in response to events (e.g., button clicks).

3. Easier maintenance: Code is separate from markup, making it easier to update and
maintain.

4. Better organization: Code is organized into separate files and classes.

Pages with Inline Code

1. Code within markup: Code is written directly within the HTML markup (e.g., <% %> or
<?php ?>).

2. Tightly coupled: Code is tightly coupled with the markup, making it harder to separate
concerns.

3. Faster development: Code can be quickly added and tested within the markup.

4. More difficult maintenance: Code is intertwined with markup, making it harder to update
and maintain.

When to use each:

- Use code-behind for complex, data-driven applications with multiple pages.

- Use pages with inline code for small-scale projects, prototyping, or simple web pages.

Adding markup to your page

Adding markup to your page" refers to the process of inserting HTML (Hypertext Markup
Language) elements, attributes, and tags into your web page to define its structure,
layout, and content.

Here are some key aspects of adding markup to your page:

# Types of Markup

1. Structural Markup: Defines the structure of the web page, such as headings,
paragraphs, lists, and tables.
2. Semantic Markup: Provides meaning to the content, such as defining the purpose of a
section or the relationship between elements.

3. Presentational Markup: Controls the visual styling and layout of the web page.

# Benefits of Adding Markup

1. Improved Accessibility: Proper markup helps screen readers and other assistive
technologies understand the page's structure and content.

2. Better Search Engine Optimization (SEO): Search engines can crawl and index the
page's content more effectively with proper markup.

3. Enhanced User Experience: Well-structured markup helps users navigate and

understand the page's content more easily.

# Common HTML Markup Elements

1. Headings: <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, etc.

2. Paragraphs: <p>

3. Links: <a>

4. Images: <img>

5. Lists: <ul>, <ol>, <li>

6. Tables: <table>, <tr>, <td>

Connecting pages

"Connecting pages" refers to the process of linking multiple web pages together to create
a cohesive and navigable website. Here are some ways to connect pages:

# Hyperlinks

1. Text links: Using anchor tags (<a>) to create clickable text links.

2. Image links: Using images as links to other pages.

3. Button links: Using buttons as links to other pages.

# Navigation Menus

1. Top navigation: A menu at the top of the page with links to main sections.

2. Sidebar navigation: A menu in the sidebar with links to related pages.

3. Footer navigation: A menu at the bottom of the page with links to secondary pages.

# Other Connection Methods

1. Anchor links: Linking to a specific section within a page.

2. Redirects: Automatically redirecting users from one page to another.

3. Forms: Using forms to submit data and navigate to another page.

4. JavaScript: Using JavaScript to dynamically create links or navigate to other pages.

# Navigation Menus

A navigation menu is a list of links that help users move around a website. It's like a map
that shows you where to go next.

Types of Navigation Menus

1. Top Navigation: A menu at the top of the page with links to main sections.

2. Sidebar Navigation: A menu in the sidebar with links to related pages.

3. Footer Navigation: A menu at the bottom of the page with links to secondary pages.

Examples

- A website's main menu with links to "Home", "About", "Contact", etc.

- A sidebar menu with links to related articles or subtopics.

- A footer menu with links to "Terms of Use", "Privacy Policy", etc.

Code Behind

Code Behind is a programming model used in ASP.NET Web Forms, where the code that
handles the logic and functionality of a web page is stored in a separate file, typically with
a .cs or .vb extension. This file is called the "code-behind" file.

The code-behind file contains the server-side logic, event handlers, and data access code
that supports the web page. The web page itself (.aspx file) contains only the HTML
markup, server controls, and data binding expressions.

Example of a Code Behind file (Default.aspx.cs):

using System;
using System.Web.UI;

public partial class Default : System.Web.UI.Page

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

// Code to handle page load event

protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

// Code to handle button click event

Pages with Inline Code

Pages with Inline Code, also known as "single-file pages," are ASP.NET Web Forms
pages that contain both the HTML markup and the server-side code in a single file (.aspx
file).

In this model, the server-side code is embedded directly in the .aspx file using <% %>
code blocks or <script runat="server"> blocks.

Example of a Page with Inline Code (Default.aspx):

aspx

<%@ Page Language="C#" %>

<script runat="server">

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

// Code to handle page load event

protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

// Code to handle button click event

</script>

<html>

<body>

<form id="form1" runat="server">

<asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" OnClick="Button1_Click" Text="Click

me" />

</form>

</body>

</html>

In summary, Code Behind separates the server-side code from the HTML markup, while
Pages with Inline Code combine both in a single file.
Adding Markup to your page

HTML Markup

1. Headings: Use <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, etc. to define headings.

2. Paragraphs: Use <p> to define paragraphs.

3. Links: Use <a> to define hyperlinks.

4. Images: Use <img> to define images.

5. Lists: Use <ul>, <ol>, and <li> to define unordered, ordered, and list items.

6. Tables: Use <table>, <tr>, and <td> to define tables, table rows, and table data.

7. Forms: Use <form>, <input>, <textarea>, and <select> to define forms, input fields, text
areas, and select menus.

Semantic Markup

1. Header: Use <header> to define the header section of a document or section.

2. Nav: Use <nav> to define a section of navigation links.

3. Main: Use <main> to define the main content section of a document.

4. Section: Use <section> to define a self-contained section of related content.

5. Article: Use <article> to define an independent piece of content, such as a blog post or
news article.

6. Aside: Use <aside> to define a piece of content that is related to the main content, but
not essential to it.

7. Footer: Use <footer> to define the footer section of a document or section.

Accessibility Markup
1. Alt text: Use the alt attribute to provide alternative text for images.

2. Aria attributes: Use ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) attributes to provide
semantic meaning to dynamic content and interactive elements.

3. Labeling form controls: Use the label element to associate a text label with a form
control.

4. Providing a clear page structure: Use headings, paragraphs, and other semantic
elements to provide a clear structure to your page.

Microformats and RDFa

1. Microformats: Use microformats to add semantic meaning to specific types of content,

such as contact information, events, and reviews.

2. RDFa: Use RDFa (Resource Description Framework in attributes) to add semantic

meaning to specific types of content, such as people, places, and organizations.

By adding these types of markup to your web page, you can improve its structure,
accessibility, and search engine optimization (SEO).

Connecting pages

Hyperlinks

1. Internal linking: Create links between pages within your website using <a> tags.

2. External linking: Link to external websites or resources using <a> tags with the href
attribute.

3. Anchor links: Create links to specific sections within a page using <a> tags with the
name attribute.

Navigation Menus

1. Horizontal navigation: Create a horizontal navigation menu using <ul> and <li> tags.
2. Vertical navigation: Create a vertical navigation menu using <ul> and <li> tags.

3. Dropdown menus: Create dropdown menus using <ul> and <li> tags with JavaScript
or CSS.

Server-Side Includes

1. ASP.NET Master Pages: Use Master Pages to create a consistent layout across
multiple pages.

2. PHP includes: Use the include statement to include common code or templates across
multiple pages.

Client-Side Includes

1. JavaScript includes: Use JavaScript to include external scripts or templates.

2. HTML imports: Use HTML imports to include external HTML templates.

Redirects

1. 301 redirects: Use 301 redirects to permanently redirect users from one page to
another.

2. 302 redirects: Use 302 redirects to temporarily redirect users from one page to another.

Other Methods

1. URL rewriting: Use URL rewriting to modify URLs and connect pages.

2. AJAX: Use AJAX to dynamically load content from other pages without full page
reloads.