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Signal Lab Report 05

The lab focuses on analyzing properties of systems such as linearity, causality, memory, stability, and time invariance using MATLAB. It includes pre-lab tasks to define and differentiate between causal/non-causal, linear/non-linear, memory/memoryless, and time-invariant/time-variant systems. In-lab tasks involve determining the characteristics of specific discrete-time systems based on given input-output relationships.

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4 views8 pages

Signal Lab Report 05

The lab focuses on analyzing properties of systems such as linearity, causality, memory, stability, and time invariance using MATLAB. It includes pre-lab tasks to define and differentiate between causal/non-causal, linear/non-linear, memory/memoryless, and time-invariant/time-variant systems. In-lab tasks involve determining the characteristics of specific discrete-time systems based on given input-output relationships.

Uploaded by

hammadkhan22343
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab 05- Study of Properties of Systems

(Linearity, Causality, Memory, Stability and


Time invariance)

❖ Objective:
The purpose of this lab is to analyze and verify various properties of
systems including linearity, causality, memory, stability, and time
invariance using MATLAB and theoretical explanation.
❖ Pre-Lab Task:
• Causal and Non-causal Systems:
A system is causal if its output at time 𝑡o depends only on past and
present input values. Otherwise, it is non-causal. Example:
Y(t) = x(t + 1) Non-causal (depends on future values)
Y(t) = x(t) + x(t - 1)
• Linear and Non-linear Systems:
A system is linear if it satisfies the principles of superposition
(additivity and homogeneity). Example:
𝑦(𝑡) = 3𝑥(𝑡) → Linear
y(t) = x 2 (t) → Non-linear
• Memory and Memoryless Systems:
A system is memoryless if its output at any time depends only on the
input at that time. Example:
y(t) = x(t) → Memoryless
y(t) = x(t−1) → System with Memory
• Time Invariance:
A system is time-invariant if a time shift in input results in the same
time shift in output. Example:
y(t) = x(t−2) → Time Invariant
y(t) = tx(t) → Time Variant

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❖ In-Lab Task I:
Task 01: Find out if the discrete-time system described by the
I/O relationship y[n]= x[-n] is:
a) Static or Dynamic (input signal x[n] = 2n, -2≤n≤2)

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b) Causal or non-causal (input signal x[n] = 2n, -2≤n≤2)

c) Linear or non-linear (input signals x1[n] = 2n, -2≤n≤4, x2[n] = n/3, -2≤n≤4,
a1=2 and a2=3)

d) Shift invariant or shift variant (input signal x[n] = 2n, -2≤n≤4 and shift n0 =3)

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❖ In-Lab Task II:
Find out if the discrete-time system described by the I/O
relationship y[n] = x[1-2n] is:
a) Static or Dynamic (input signal x[n] = 2n, -2≤n≤2)

b) Causal or non-causal (input signal x[n] = 2n, -2≤n≤2)

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c) Linear or non-linear (input signals x1[n] = 2n, -2≤n≤4, x2[n] = n/3, -2≤n≤4,
a1=2 and a2=3)

d) Shift invariant or shift variant (input signal x[n] = 2n, -2≤n≤4 and shift n0 =3)

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❖ Critical Analysis:
In this lab, we took a closer look at various types of systems, diving into
both causal and non-causal systems. A causal system generates its output
based on the current and past input values, while a non-causal system can
also take future inputs into account. We also delved into static and
dynamic systems. A static system produces an output based only on the
current input, whereas a dynamic system has a memory component and
relies on previous inputs or states of the system. Furthermore, we explored
linear and non-linear systems, where a linear system adheres to the
principle of superposition, in contrast to a non-linear system, which does
not follow this principle.

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