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Layer 1 Coding

MPEG Layer I Coding achieves a 4:1 compression using a bank of 32 sub-band filters for time-frequency mapping, dividing audio signals into frequency bands. The algorithm determines a scale factor for amplitude adjustment of samples, reducing bit usage by quantizing them efficiently. The frame structure includes separate encoding for dual channels and additional bits for copyright and media originality information.

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7 views

Layer 1 Coding

MPEG Layer I Coding achieves a 4:1 compression using a bank of 32 sub-band filters for time-frequency mapping, dividing audio signals into frequency bands. The algorithm determines a scale factor for amplitude adjustment of samples, reducing bit usage by quantizing them efficiently. The frame structure includes separate encoding for dual channels and additional bits for copyright and media originality information.

Uploaded by

advaithmanoj10
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MPEG Layer I Coding

Arun K A
S8 CSE A
Roll no:46
MPEG Layer 1 Coding

• The Layer I coding scheme provides a 4 : 1 compression.


• The time frequency mapping is accomplished using a bank of 32 sub-band filters.
• The goal of time-frequency mapping is to split the audio signal into different frequency bands for
better compression.
• The output of each filter is down sampled by 32.
• The samples are divided into groups of 12 samples each. Twelve samples from each of the 32 sub-
band filters, or a total of 384 samples , make up one frame of the Layer I coder.
Scale Factor
• Once the frequency components are obtained,the algorithm examines each group of 12 samples
to determine a scalefactor.
• It is a value used to adjust the amplitude (loudness) of samples in a subband.
• This helps in reducing bit usage for encoding, as we store the adjusted samples with fewer bits.
Scale Factor
• How the Scalefactor Works?
1. Find the maximum amplitude in a group of 12 samples (for each subband).
2. Use this max value as the scalefactor.
3. Divide all 12 samples by the scalefactor, making them fit within a fixed range.
4. Quantize the scaled samples efficiently.
(Quantization is the process of converting continuous amplitude values (floating-point numbers) into
discrete levels (fixed integer values))
Frame structure for Layer 1.
The left and right channels are combined to form a mid and a side signal as follows:
• The dual channel mode consists of two channels that are encoded separately
and are not intended to be played together, such as a translation channel.
• These are followed by two mode extension bits that are used in the joint stereo
mode.
• The next bit is a copyright bit (“1” if the material is copy righted, “0” if it is not).
The next bit is set to “1” for original media and “0” for copy.
Thank you

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