Number System

N W Z Q R C

It may be noted that N  W  Z  Q  R  C

 Prime number

Natural number having exactly two positive divisors

𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, ...

Composite number

Let 'a' be a natural number, 'a' is said to be composite if it has atleast

three distinct positive divisors.
 Co-prime number

Two natural numbers (not necessarily prime) are coprime, if their H.C.F
(Highest common factor) is 1.

𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞

(1, 2), (1, 3), (3, 4), (3, 10), (3, 8), (5, 6), (7, 8) (15, 16) etc.

These numbers are also called relatively prime numbers.

Note

1 is the only natural number that is neither a prime number nor a

composite number.

Numbers which are not prime are composite numbers (except 1).

'4' is the smallest composite number.

Two prime number(s) are always co-prime but converse need not be true.

Two consecutive natural numbers are always co-prime numbers.

Two consecutive odd natural numbers are always co-prime numbers.

 If m, n∈N and m2 – n2 = 13, then (m + 1) (n+ 1) is equal to
(A) 42 (B) 56 (C) 50 (D) None of these
Ans. (B)

Solution
 Identify the correct statement
(A) If 𝑥 ∈ 𝑄 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑄
(B) If 𝑥 2∈Q and 𝑥 7 ∈Q  𝑥 ∈Q
(C) If 𝑥 3∈Q and 𝑥 7 ∈Q  𝑥 ∈Q
Ans. (A,B,C,D)
(D) If 𝑥 4∈Q and 𝑥 11 ∈Q  𝑥 ∈Q

Solution
 If 𝑛 + 2𝑛 − 8 is prime number where n ∈ N, then n is
(A) also a prime number (B) relatively prime to 10
(C) relatively prime to 6 (D) a composite nuber
Ans. (A,B)

Solution
 Difference of squares of two odd integers is always divisible by
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 16 (D) 8
Ans. (D)

Solution
 Given 𝑥 2 – 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦2 = 4 (𝑥 + 𝑦 – 4), where 𝑥, 𝑦 both are real numbers. The
number of pairs (𝑥, 𝑦) satisfying the equation is
Ans. (A) (A) Only one (B) Only two
(C) Three (D) None of these
Solution
 If equation 𝑥 + 𝑎 𝑥 + 1991 + 1 = 0 has integral roots, a ∈ Z, then
(A) Number of integral value of ‘a’ are 2
(B) Both the integral values of ‘a’ is divisible by 2
(C) One of the integral value of ‘a’ is divisible by 2
Ans. (A,D)
(D) If the integral value of ‘a’ are 𝛼 and 𝛽 such that 𝛼 > 𝛽 then 𝛼 − 𝛽 = 4

Solution
 Suppose that w = 21/2, 𝑥 = 31/3, 𝑦 = 61/6 and z = 81/8. From among these number
list, the biggest, second biggest numbers are respectively
Ans. (B) (A) w, x (B) x, w (C) y, z (D) x, z

Solution
 𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 11𝑥 − 6 is a prime number then number of possible integral
values of 𝑥
Ans. (C) (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 0 (D) 3

Solution
 If a and b are positive integers such that a2 – b4 = 2009, find a + b.
(A) 47 (B) 49 (C) 45 (D) 51
Ans. (A)

Solution
 1 1 1 1 1
Let T = − + − + then–
3− 8 8− 7 7− 6 6− 5 5+2
Ans. (B) (A) T < 1 (B) T = 1 (C) 1 < T < 2 (D) T < 2

Solution
 If m2 – n2 = 7, where m, n ∈ z . Then number of ordered pairs (m, n) is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Ans. (D)

Solution
Note

𝑎3 + 𝑏3 + 𝑐3 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐2 − 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎𝑐 = 0

Or
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 2 2 2
𝑎−𝑏 + 𝑏−𝑐 + 𝑐−𝑎 =0
2

𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 = 0 or 𝑎=𝑏=𝑐
 If a,b,c are real and distinct numbers, then the value

𝑎−𝑏 + 𝑏−𝑐 + 𝑐−𝑎

of is :
𝑎−𝑏 . 𝑏−𝑐 . 𝑐−𝑎
Ans. (C) (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

Solution
 If 𝑥,𝑦,z are real and distinct, then
𝑥 + 9𝑦 + 16𝑧 − 3𝑥𝑦 − 12𝑦𝑧 − 4𝑧𝑥 is always
(A) non negative (B) zero
(C) positive (D) negative
Ans. (A)

Solution
 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐are reals such that a + b + c = 3
1 1 1 10
+ + = . The value of
𝑎+𝑏 𝑏+𝑐 𝑐+𝑎 3
Ans. (B) 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
+ + is
𝑏+𝑐 𝑐+𝑎 𝑎+𝑏
(A) 9 (B) 7 (C) 5 (D) 3
Solution
 1 1 1
If 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 are all different real number and + +
𝑥−𝑦 𝑦−𝑧 𝑧−𝑥
1 1 1
= + + + 𝜆 then the value of  is :
𝑥−𝑦 𝑦−𝑧 𝑧−𝑥
Ans. (A) (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

Solution
 𝑎 =𝑎

𝑦=z 𝑎=1 𝑎 = –1 𝑎=0

Both 𝑦 and 𝑧 are Both 𝑦 and 𝑧
either even or are positive
odd real numbers
i. e, : 𝑦 > 0, 𝑧 > 0

𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 1 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 = – 1 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 0

Verification required
 Solve for 𝑥 : 𝑥– 3 = 𝑥– 3 –

Ans. 𝑥 = 2,3,4

Solution
Indices

Note

𝑦 = 0 ; a and b 𝑎 = –b
𝑎=b
are non-zero y is even
 𝑥+2 – = 2𝑥– 5 –

Ans. 𝑥 = 1,3,7

Solution
 The sum of all real values of 𝑥 satisfying the equation
𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 5 = 1 is:
Ans. (D) (A) –4 (B) 6 (C) 5 (D) 3

Solution
 Value of 8 + 2 15 + 8– 2 15 – 20

Ans. 2 5 – 20

Solution
 If 𝑓(𝑥) is polynomial degree 3 such that 𝑓(1) = –1, 𝑓(2) = –2, 𝑓(3) = –3 and
𝑓(0) = 1, find 𝑓(𝑥).
−𝑥3 17
Ans. + 𝑥2 − 𝑥+1
6 6

Solution
Wavy Curve Method
 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 2𝑥
>0
𝑥 − 𝑥 − 30
Ans. −∞, −5 ,∪ (1, 2) ∪ (6, ∞)

Solution
 The number of the integral solutions of 𝑥 2 + 9 < (𝑥 + 3)2 < 8𝑥 + 25 is:
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 5
Ans. (D)

Solution
 (𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 − 7)
If inequality < 0 𝑎 ∈ 𝑍 is satisfied by exactly ‘3’ integral
(𝑥 − 𝑎)
values of 𝑥 then ratio of sum of all possible values of ‘a’ to the product of all
Ans. (01.10) possible values of ‘a’ is

Solution
 Let a > 2, a  N be a constant. If there are just 18 positive integers satisfying
the inequality (𝑥 – a) (𝑥 – 2a) (𝑥 – a2) < 0 then find value of ‘a’
Ans. (5)

Solution
 Number of non−negative integral values of 𝑥 satisfying the

2 1 2𝑥 − 1
inequality − − ≥ 0is
𝑥 −𝑥+1 𝑥+1 𝑥 +1
Ans. (D) (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

Solution
 6𝑥 − 5𝑥 − 3
If ≤ 4, then the least and the highest values of 4𝑥2 are ∶
𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 6
Ans. C (A) 36 & 81 (B) 9 & 81 (C) 0 & 81 (D) 9 & 36

Solution
 𝑥 (2𝑥 – 3) (𝑥 – 4)
Number of positive integral solution of 0
(𝑥 – 3) (3𝑥 – 8)
Ans. (B) (A) only one (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

Solution
 𝑥 𝑥– 1
Solve for 𝑥 :  ≤2
𝑥– 1 𝑥– 2
Ans. x ∈ (–∞, 1) ∪ (3, ∞)

Solution
Equations Reducible to
Quadratic
Equations Reducible to Quadratic

𝑚𝑎2𝑥 + 𝑛(𝑎𝑏)𝑥 + 𝑟𝑏2𝑥 = 0 (𝑎 & 𝑏 > 0)

Method of Solving :
 𝑥 – 2𝑥 – 2𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 1 = 0

Ans. ±1, 1 ± 2

Solution
 The number of points, where the curve 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒 –𝑒 – 3𝑒 –𝑒 + 1,
𝑥 ∈ ℝ cuts 𝑥-axis, is equal to
Ans. (2)

Solution
 3+ 2 + 3− 2 −2 3=0

Ans. ±1

Solution
 Solve: 25 +9 = 34 ⋅ 15

Ans. 𝑥 = 0,2,1± 3

Solution
 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 25 − 2𝑥𝑦
𝑦 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10
Ans. 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 2
or 𝑥 = – 3, 𝑦 = – 2

Solution
 Solve for 𝑥 and 𝑦:

1 1 1 1
Ans. 𝑥 = , 𝑦 = + = 13 – =1
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
OR 𝑥 = ,𝑦 =

Solution
 Solve for 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧:

𝑥 –1 𝑦 + 1 𝑧
𝐴𝑛𝑠. 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = – 3 , 𝑧 = 6 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 – 1 = 0 = =
1 –2 6

Solution
 The number of real solutions of the equation 3 𝑥 + −2 𝑥+ + 5 = 0,
is
Ans. (B) (A) 4 (B) 0 (C) 3 (D) 2

Solution
 If a, b, c, d are positive real numbers such that
𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐+𝑑 𝑎
= = = , then is : −
3 4 5 6 𝑏 + 2𝑐 + 3𝑑
(A) 1/2 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) Not determinable
Ans. (A)

Solution
 Let N = (2+1) (22 +1) (24 +1)…………(232 + 1) + 1 and N = 2 then the value of
 is
Ans. (B) (A) 62 (B) 64 (C) 65 (D) 66

Solution
Modulus & Its graph

For any real number 𝑥, modulus or absolute value of 𝑥 is denoted by |𝑥|

and is defined as :

𝒙, If 𝒙  0
|𝒙| = −𝒙
If 𝒙 < 0
Graph of 𝑦 = |𝑥|
𝒚

Example : 𝒚 = −𝒙 𝒚=𝒙

𝒙
O
 Draw the graph of

Solution
 The number of values of 𝑥 satisfying the equation |𝑥 2 – 2𝑥| + 𝑥 = 6
(A) 2 (B) 0 (C) 1
Ans. (A)

Solution
 If 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 2 − 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 = 2𝑥 + 1 , then the set of all real values of 𝑥 is
(A) (1, ) (B) (2, ) (C) (–1, ) (D) − , ∞
Ans. (D)

Solution
 Number of integral values of  for which the equation |𝑥 2 – 4|𝑥| – 12| =  has
6 distinct real roots is
Ans. (C) (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

Solution
 Number of real solution(s) of the equation 𝑥 − 3 = 1 is:

Ans. (3)

Solution
 The number of values of 𝑥 satisfying the equation ||𝑥 – 7|–2| = 5𝑥 + 3
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 7 (D) 0
Ans. (A)

Solution
 The number of values of 𝑥 satisfying the equation |||𝑥 – 2| – 2 | – 2| = 2 is
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 4 (D) 3
Ans. (C)

Solution
 Solve the following
(i) |𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1| = |𝑥 3 + 1| + |𝑥 2 + 𝑥|
Ans. −1 ∪ [0, ∞)

Solution
 The sum of values of 𝑥 satisfying the equation |𝑥 3 – 6𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 – 6| = 6 is

Ans. (4)

Solution
 Solve the following
(ii) |𝑥 2 – 4𝑥 + 3| + |𝑥 2 – 6𝑥 + 8| = |2𝑥 – 5|
Ans. 1,2 ∪ 3,4

Solution
 The number of integer satisfying the equation
𝑥 + 3 − 4 𝑥 − 1 + 𝑥 + 8 − 6 𝑥 − 1 = 1 are
Ans. (B) (A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 0 (D) 7

Solution
 Find complete set of solution of inequation 𝑥 − 1 + 𝑥 − 2 + 𝑥 − 3 ≤ 6
(A) [1,3] (B) [0,4] (C) [2,3] (D) [1,2]
Ans. (B)

Solution
 The set of all real numbers 𝑥 for which 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 2 + 𝑥 > 0 is (−∞, −𝑎) ∪ (𝑎, ∞)
then values of ‘a’ is
Ans. (B) (A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 5

Solution