Machine Learning Algorithms Explained with Examples
1. Supervised Learning Algorithms
Linear Regression
Use: Predicting continuous values
How it works: Finds the best-fit straight line to predict output from input.
Example: Predicting house price based on area.
Logistic Regression
Use: Classification (binary/multiclass)
How it works: Uses a sigmoid function to predict probability between 0 and 1.
Example: Email spam detection.
Decision Tree
Use: Classification and regression
How it works: Splits data based on feature values to reach a decision.
Example: Diagnosing diseases based on symptoms.
Random Forest
Use: Ensemble classification/regression
How it works: Combines multiple decision trees to improve accuracy.
Example: Predicting customer churn.
Support Vector Machine (SVM)
Use: Classification
How it works: Finds a hyperplane that best separates classes.
Example: Face recognition.
K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)
Use: Classification and regression
How it works: Classifies based on the majority class among 'k' nearest neighbors.
Example: Recommending products based on similar users.
2. Unsupervised Learning Algorithms
K-Means Clustering
Use: Grouping data into clusters
How it works: Partitions data into k clusters based on similarity.
Machine Learning Algorithms Explained with Examples
Example: Market segmentation.
Hierarchical Clustering
Use: Creating a tree of clusters
How it works: Builds a hierarchy of clusters either bottom-up or top-down.
Example: Gene sequence analysis.
Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
Use: Dimensionality reduction
How it works: Reduces dimensions by transforming data into principal components.
Example: Compressing high-dimensional image data.
3. Reinforcement Learning Algorithms
Q-Learning
Use: Model-free reinforcement learning
How it works: Learns value of actions to maximize cumulative reward.
Example: Teaching a robot to navigate a maze.
Deep Q Network (DQN)
Use: Uses neural networks with Q-learning
How it works: Approximates Q-values using deep neural networks.
Example: Playing video games using reinforcement learning.